A Survey for Graphic Design Intelligence

Graphic design is an effective language for visual communication. Using complex composition of visual elements (e.g., shape, color, font) guided by design principles and aesthetics, design helps produce more visually-appealing content. The creation of a harmonious design requires carefully selecting and combining different visual elements, which can be challenging and time-consuming. To expedite the design process, emerging AI techniques have been proposed to automatize tedious tasks and facilitate human creativity. However, most current works only focus on specific tasks targeting at different scenarios without a high-level abstraction. This paper aims to provide a systematic overview of graphic design intelligence and summarize literature in the taxonomy of representation, understanding and generation. Specifically we consider related works for individual visual elements as well as the overall design composition. Furthermore, we highlight some of the potential directions for future explorations.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figure

Serine 62 is a phosphorylation site in folliculin, the Birt–Hogg–Dubé gene product

AbstractRecently, it was reported that the product of Birt–Hogg–Dubé syndrome gene (folliculin, FLCN) is directly phosphorylated by 5′-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). In this study, we identified serine 62 (Ser62) as a phosphorylation site in FLCN and generated an anti-phospho-Ser62-FLCN antibody. Our analysis suggests that Ser62 phosphorylation is indirectly up-regulated by AMPK and that another residue is directly phosphorylated by AMPK. By binding with FLCN-interacting proteins (FNIP1 and FNIP2/FNIPL), Ser62 phosphorylation is increased. A phospho-mimic mutation at Ser62 enhanced the formation of the FLCN–AMPK complex. These results suggest that function(s) of FLCN–AMPK–FNIP complex is regulated by Ser62 phosphorylation.Structured summaryMINT-7298145, MINT-7298166: Flcn (uniprotkb:Q76JQ2) physically interacts (MI:0915) with AMPK alpha 1 (uniprotkb:P54645) by anti tag coimmunoprecipitation (MI:0007)MINT-7298267: AMPK alpha 1 (uniprotkb:Q13131) phosphorylates (MI:0217) tsc2 (uniprotkb:P49816) by protein kinase assay (MI:0424)MINT-7298182: FNIP1 (uniprotkb:Q8TF40) physically interacts (MI:0915) with Flcn (uniprotkb:Q76JQ2) by anti tag coimmunoprecipitation (MI:0007)MINT-7298132: AMPK alpha 1 (uniprotkb:Q13131) phosphorylates (MI:0217) Flcn (uniprotkb:Q76JQ2) by protein kinase assay (MI:0424)MINT-7298229: FNIPL (uniprotkb:Q9P278) physically interacts (MI:0915) with Flcn (uniprotkb:Q76JQ2) by anti tag coimmunoprecipitation (MI:0007

The <i>Sinocyclocheilus</i> cavefish genome provides insights into cave adaptation

BACKGROUND: An emerging cavefish model, the cyprinid genus Sinocyclocheilus, is endemic to the massive southwestern karst area adjacent to the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau of China. In order to understand whether orogeny influenced the evolution of these species, and how genomes change under isolation, especially in subterranean habitats, we performed whole-genome sequencing and comparative analyses of three species in this genus, S. grahami, S. rhinocerous and S. anshuiensis. These species are surface-dwelling, semi-cave-dwelling and cave-restricted, respectively. RESULTS: The assembled genome sizes of S. grahami, S. rhinocerous and S. anshuiensis are 1.75 Gb, 1.73 Gb and 1.68 Gb, respectively. Divergence time and population history analyses of these species reveal that their speciation and population dynamics are correlated with the different stages of uplifting of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. We carried out comparative analyses of these genomes and found that many genetic changes, such as gene loss (e.g. opsin genes), pseudogenes (e.g. crystallin genes), mutations (e.g. melanogenesis-related genes), deletions (e.g. scale-related genes) and down-regulation (e.g. circadian rhythm pathway genes), are possibly associated with the regressive features (such as eye degeneration, albinism, rudimentary scales and lack of circadian rhythms), and that some gene expansion (e.g. taste-related transcription factor gene) may point to the constructive features (such as enhanced taste buds) which evolved in these cave fishes. CONCLUSION: As the first report on cavefish genomes among distinct species in Sinocyclocheilus, our work provides not only insights into genetic mechanisms of cave adaptation, but also represents a fundamental resource for a better understanding of cavefish biology. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12915-015-0223-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users

On Time Discrete Simulation of cooperative Vehicle's Kinematic Behaviour

The vehicle plays an important role in peoples life in modern times. The vehi- cle's behaviour is a complex and detailed subject, which requiring the knowledge of mathematics and physics. Meanwhile, the vehicles' behaviour is aected by a lot of dierent conditions, such as the driver and the environment. For the purpose of trac safety, simulation is required to analyze the vehicles' behaviour. Vari- eties of behaviour models, based on dierent levels (Macroscopic, Mesoscopic and Microscopic) have been presented. Vehicles are able to interact with each other through the Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET). It is worthwhile to simulate how the behaviour is aected by an exchange of kinematic data. This thesis presents a new simulator, which is designed at microscopic level, based on the graph theory. Not only dierent vehicles' behaviour, but also coop- eration between vehicles can be implemented in the simulator. A new model of collision avoidance is created, incorporating the concept of kinematics and human emulation. The car-following model is also performed for the formation of trac ow. Overall, the modeling in the simulator is simplied by ignoring the network disturbances. The data collected from the results of the simulation is used to display a scenario as visualization of a vehicles behaviour

[3 + 2]-Cycloaddition of Azaoxyallyl Cations with Hexahydro-1,3,5-triazines: Access to 4‑Imidazolidinones

A novel base-promoted [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of azaoxyallyl cations with hexahydro-1,3,5-triazines has been developed, affording 4-imidazolidinones in moderate to good yields under mild reaction conditions. This simple but efficient protocol features cycloaddition of two in situ formed reactive species in the absence of a transition-metal catalyst

isolated for the first time from two patients with neurodegenerative disease: report of two unusual cases and a review of the literature

With the development of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing, increasing numbers of new microorganisms are being discovered. In this report, Kerstersia gyiorum was isolated for the first time from the sputum of two elderly patients with neurodegenerative disease, and integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine was used for treatment. The bacteria’s growth characteristics, biochemical reaction characteristics, sensitivity to antibiotics, and the patients’ treatment are described, with a review of previous reports

Design and Optimization of Thermophotovoltaic System Cavity with Mirrors

Thermophotovoltaic (TPV) systems can convert radiant energy into electrical power. Here we explore the design of the TPV system cavity, which houses the emitter and the photovoltaic (PV) cells. Mirrors are utilized in the cavity to modify the spatial and spectral distribution within. After discussing the basic concentric tubular design, two novel cavity configurations are put forward and parametrically studied. The investigated variables include the shape, number, and placement of the mirrors. The optimization objectives are the optimized efficiency and the extended range of application of the TPV system. Through numerical simulations, the relationship between the design parameters and the objectives are revealed. The results show that careful design of the cavity configuration can markedly enhance the performance of the TPV system

Bioadhesive Microcarriers Encapsulated with IL‐27 High Expressive MSC Extracellular Vesicles for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Treatment

Abstract Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy is a promising candidate for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) treatment, while overcoming the limitations of naive seeding cells function and realizing efficient intestinal targeting remains a challenge. Here, a bioadhesive microparticle carrying interleukin‐27 (IL‐27) MSC‐derived extracellular vesicles (MSCIL‐27 EVs) is developed to treat IBD. The MSCIL‐27 EVs prepared through lentivirus‐mediated gene transfection technology show ideal anti‐inflammatory and damage repair function. By encapsulating MSCIL‐27 EVs into dopamine methacrylamide‐modified hydrogel, a bioadhesive EVs microcarrier via microfluidic technology is fabricated. The resultant microcarriers exhibit ideal MSCIL‐27 EVs sustained release effect and effective wet adhesion property. Furthermore, the therapeutic potential of MSCIL‐27 EVs‐loaded microcarriers in treating IBD is demonstrated. Through giving IBD rats a rectal administration, it is found that the microcarriers can firmly anchor to the surface of colon, reduce the inflammatory response, and repair the damaged barrier. Therefore, the bioadhesive MSCIL‐27 EVs‐loaded microcarriers provide a promising strategy for the biomedical application of MSC‐derived EVs, and broaden the clinical potential of MSC therapy

Asymmetric [4 + 2]-Cycloaddition of Copper–Allenylidenes with Hexahydro-1,3,5-triazines: Access to Chiral Tetrahydroquinazolines

A copper-catalyzed asymmetric formal [4 + 2]-cycloaddition of copper–allenylidenes and hexahydro-1,3,5-triazines has been developed, providing chiral tetrahydroquinazolines in moderate to good yields and with high enantioselectivities for most cases (up to 88% yield and 98% ee)