From Low Income, High Poverty to High-income, No Poverty? an Optimistic View of the Long-run Evolution of Poverty in Indonesia by International Poverty Lines, 1984–2030

Indonesia has achieved well-documented and drastic improvements in average incomes and in the reduction of poverty. much research has discussed this progress. this paper adds to the literature with a new perspective. we discuss poverty in Indonesia using the international poverty lines ($1.25,$2 and we add $10 per day). we generate historic estimates of poverty and to make projections based on various growth and inequality trends. we find that Indonesia has the potential to attain high-income country status in a decade or so and at the same time the potential to end$1.25 per day and $2 per day poverty, but this would require favorable changes in distribution. looking ahead, the end of poverty in Indonesia may be accompanied by a large proportion of the population vulnerable to poverty for some considerable time to come, suggesting public policy priorities may need to balance insurance and risk management mechanisms with more “traditional” poverty policy. we also find, in contrast to national poverty line analysis, that poverty by the various international poverty lines, is considerably more urbanized, with more than half the poor residing in urban areas currently and the urban proportion of total poverty likely to rise further in the years ahead. keywords: Indonesia, poverty, inequalit

Investigating the impact of varying the number of distributed energy resources on controlling the power flow within a microgrid

The electrification of heat and transport in addition to integration of intermittent renewable resources into the existing electricity network is expected to occur in near future. Such a transformation is expected to force the operation of the electricity power system at different levels to its limits and would require reinforcement of the network assets at different levels. The incorporation of active management and control within microgrids and across the low voltage distribution network is thought as a cost effective solution which would facilitate wide scale integration of the emerging distributed energy resources. However since increasing the microgrid size at a certain DER penetration level would increase the total dispatchable power it is expected to affect the effectiveness of any control algorithm that operates at that level. This paper presents the findings obtained from of an investigation into the relationship between microgrid size and the effectiveness of a deterministic control algorithm implemented at that level

Power flow control for power and voltage management in future smart energy communities

The Community Power Flow Control (CPFC) Algorithm has been proposed as a technique for managing electrical power and energy within small communities. The CPFC manages the resources in the community (DSM, energy storage, RES) in order to control the community’s instantaneous power flow according to a target set by a higher-level management system. This paper investigates the capability of the CPFC to manage local distribution voltage levels. The power flow data for a community has been used together with transformer and cable impedance models to demonstrate the variation of the distribution voltage in a community with significant penetration of PV and EV. The CPFC is shown to manage the voltage levels along a feeder within the statutory limits, even when there is significant export

A novel stochastic modelling approach for electric vehicle charging power and energy requirements

Electrification of heat and transport in addition to integration of intermittent renewable resources into the existing electricity network is expected to occur in near future. Such a transformation is expected to force the operation of the electricity power system at different levels to its limits. A novel bottom up modelling approach for quantifying temporal variation of electric vehicle charging power and energy is presented in this paper which can be used to accurately investigate the effect of charging different penetration levels of electric vehicles within the low voltage distribution network. This EV charging model is further used for development of a deterministic control algorithm for regulating power flows at the low voltage level

Development and testing of an experimental power system fault demonstrator

In this paper a laboratory demonstrator for the study of power system faults is described. The facility has been developed in order to experimentally investigate a number of fault location and power system protection technologies developed by the authors and their colleagues at higher power levels and with more representative system parameters than has previ¬ously been possible. In addition to describing the facility itself, this paper also describes the validation of a previously studied method using the new demonstrato