APPLICATION OF QUALITY by DESIGN (CCD TECHNIQUE) FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF CEFIXIME AND OFLOXACIN BY HPTLC METHOD

Objective: The present manuscript describes about simultaneous multiple response optimizations using the Derringer's desirability function for the estimation of cefixime and ofloxacin in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form by using HPTLC method.Methods: Central composite design (CCD) was used for the optimization of chromatographic conditions in HPTLC. The independent variables used for the optimization were n-butanol content in the mobile phase, chamber saturation time and distance travel. HPTLC separation was performed on aluminum plates pre-coated with silica gel 60 F 254 as the stationary phase using n-butanol: Ammonia: water (8:3:1 % v/v/v) as the mobile phase. Quantification was achieved by densitometric analysis of cefixime and ofloxacin over the concentration range of 20-120ng/band at 297 nm.Results: The method gave compact and well-resolved band at Rf of 0.43±0.02 and 0.73±0.02 respectively for cefixime trihydrate and ofloxacin hydrochloride. The linear regression analysis for the calibration plots showed r2 = 0.99985 and r2 = 0.9989 for cefixime and ofloxacin respectively. The optimized method complies validation parameters like precision, accuracy, robustness, specificity, limit of detection and limit of quantification as per ICH guidelines.Conclusion: The mobile phase composition, chamber saturation time and solvent front factors are evaluated in the robustness test. The selected factors were found to have a significant effect on the Rf value of both drugs. The optimized method contains 7 ml of n-butanol, 75 mm solvent front and 33 min of saturation time was used. So the optimization process reduces the solvent usage and increases separation sensitivity for both drugs. The results indicate the CCD method is suitable for the routine quality control testing of marketed tablet formulation and bulk drugs.Keywords: Cefixime, Ofloxacin, Central Composite Design (CCD), High-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC), Validation, Optimizatio

DETERMINATION OF CHROMATOGRAPHIC ASSAY AND VALIDATION OF OFLOXACIN IN BULK AND PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM

Objective: The objective of the study is simple, sensitive; eco-friendly reverse phase chromatographic method has been developed and validated for the quantitative determination of ofloxacin in bulk and marketed formulation. Method: The developed method was done using Hypersil silica C18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μ particle size) as column and the mobile phase is containing water and methanol in the ratio of (10:90) vol/vol. The mobile phase pass at 1 ml/min flow rate and the eluted solution is measured at 270 nm using a PDA detector. Results: The assay method is linear from the concentration range of 5–30 μg/ml. The corelation coefficient is 0.9998. The mean percentage recovery for the developed method is found to be in the range of 98.4–100.6%. The developed method complies robustness studies. Conclusion: The validation of the developed method was done by as per the ICH guidelines. It obeys the linearity, accuracy, precision, and robustness studies. Validation parameters are within the limitations. The results of the developed process indicated the reverse phase chromatographic method is simple, accurate as well as precise, rapid and eco-friendly method for routine analysis of ofloxacin in bulk and its pharmaceutical dosage form

Facts and Fabrications about Ebola: A Twitter Based Study

Microblogging websites like Twitter have been shown to be immensely useful for spreading information on a global scale within seconds. The detrimental effect, however, of such platforms is that misinformation and rumors are also as likely to spread on the network as credible, verified information. From a public health standpoint, the spread of misinformation creates unnecessary panic for the public. We recently witnessed several such scenarios during the outbreak of Ebola in 2014 [14, 1]. In order to effectively counter the medical misinformation in a timely manner, our goal here is to study the nature of such misinformation and rumors in the United States during fall 2014 when a handful of Ebola cases were confirmed in North America. It is a well known convention on Twitter to use hashtags to give context to a Twitter message (a tweet). In this study, we collected approximately 47M tweets from the Twitter streaming API related to Ebola. Based on hashtags, we propose a method to classify the tweets into two sets: credible and speculative. We analyze these two sets and study how they differ in terms of a number of features extracted from the Twitter API. In conclusion, we infer several interesting differences between the two sets. We outline further potential directions to using this material for monitoring and separating speculative tweets from credible ones, to enable improved public health information.Comment: Appears in SIGKDD BigCHat Workshop 201

Non-darcian Effects on Double Diffusive Convection in a Sparsely Packed Porous Medium

The linear and non-linear stability of double diffusive convection in a sparsely packed porous layer is studied using the Brinkman model. In the case of linear theory conditions for both simple and Hopf bifurcations are obtained. It is found that Hopf bifurcation always occurs at a lower value of the Rayleigh number than one obtained for simple bifurcation and noted that an increase in the value of viscosity ratio is to delay the onset of convection. Non-linear theory is studied in terms of a simplified model, which is exact to second order in the amplitude of the motion, and also using modified perturbation theory with the help of self-adjoint operator technique. It is observed that steady solutions may be either subcritical or supercritical depending on the choice of physical parameters. Nusselt numbers are calculated for various values of physical parameters and representative streamlines, isotherms and isohalines are presented

Community College Students\u27 Perceptions of Developmental Mathematics and Influences on Persistence

The increase in the dropout rates associated with developmental mathematics classes in 1 Texas community college provoked the need for this study. The purpose of this case study was to explore students\u27 reasons for dropping out of developmental mathematics and what might have helped them be successful. Tinto\u27s model of student attrition, which is characterized by students\u27 social and academic integration affecting their retention in the college, provided the conceptual framework for the study. The research questions addressed the students\u27 perceptions of both why they dropped out of developmental mathematics courses and what might have helped them to successfully complete those courses. A purposeful sampling process was used to select 7 developmental mathematics students who did not complete the course. Data were collected through semistructured interviews from 7 developmental mathematics students. Emergent themes were identified through open coding, and the findings were developed and reviewed for trustworthiness through member checking, rich descriptions, and a code-recode process. Findings revealed that students needed help in acquiring a better understanding of the subject, in adapting to different teaching methods, and in finding available resources. A professional development training for mathematics instructors was created to share the why students drop out of developmental mathematics and to provide suggestions for improved teaching practices. Results from this study may lead to the positive social change by providing teachers with successful developmental mathematics strategies to improve student performance