Soil water distribution on different number of growing years of alfalfa pasture in the Loess Plateau of Northwest China

The alfalfa pastureland in the semiarid Loess Plateau region of Northwest China usually has dry soil layers. We studied the soil water variations on alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) grassland with different number of growing years. Seven growing years of alfalfa grassland were chosen in this study: (1) 4-year-old, (2) 6-year-old, (3) 8-year-old, (4) 12-year-old, (5) 14-year-old, (6)18-year-old and (7) 26-year-old. The results showed that the highest soil water content, 12.0 -17.15%, with different number of growing years of alfalfa grassland occurred in 80 -100 cm soil layer, but gradually became stable below 300 cm soil layer. The soil water content with 4, 6 and 8 year alfalfa grassland was in the range of 13.66 - 14.76%, with 12 and 14 year ranged within 11.76 -1 1.87% and with 18 and 26 year within 10.5%. We also found that in 0 - 1000 cm soil layer, the soil water content with different number of growing years of alfalfa grassland had differences due to different soil water conditions and water-supplying capability. The soil water content with 4 and 6 year were 13.85 and 14.22%, respectively, with 8, 12 and 14 year were 12.98, 11.25 and 11.22%, respectively, and with 18 and 26 year were 10.27 and 10.76%, respectively. After alfalfa grew for >18 years, the annual recovery of its soil water at 0 - 200 cm soil depth was 1.49%, whereas the soil water with 18 and 26 year alfalfa pastureland at 200 - 1000 cm soil depth was only 10.10%, dry soil layers occurring in alfalfa pasture. The dry soil layer of alfalfa grassland appears at 160 - 600 cm soil depth in the Loess Plateau. We found that at 250 - 350 cm soil depth, the soil water content with 4 and 6 year alfalfa grassland was in the range of 10.23 - 10.48%, presenting slightly dry soil layer and for more than 8 year, alfalfa was in the range of 7.78 - 8.48%, presenting moderately dry soil layer. In summary, the soil water use of alfalfa would grow with the number of growing years and the depth of desiccated layers will become intensified and thicker.Keywords: Alfalfa grassland, different number of growing years, soil water content, dry soil layers, Loess Plateau of ChinaAfrican Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 9(35), pp. 5686-5693, 30 August, 201

A memória da luz : customizações e encontros com o espectador

Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Artes, Departamento de Artes Visuais, 2017.O presente trabalho fala do desenvolvimento e aplicação de simulacros computacionais da luz como opção poética que é estética e empiricamente investigada de modo a envolver a comparação de minhas percepções e meus horizontes, como artista, com os de meus espectadores, como forma de encontrar aproximações e distâncias entre essas percepções e horizontes enquanto criações necessariamente implicadas na fruição esteticamente qualificada desses simulacros, em favor de um maior entendimento sobre o que poderia ser um encontro ou comunicação possível entre autor e receptor e na expectativa de obter, pelo somatório de percepções e horizontes colhidos desses espectadores, uma revelação paulatina das propostas artísticas correspondentes a esses simulacros.This work is about the development and application of computer light simulacra as poetic option that is aesthetically and empirically investigated in a way that involves the comparison of my perceptions and horizons, as an artist, with those of my spectators, as a way to find the proximities and distances between those perceptions and horizons as creations necessarily implied in the fruition aesthetically qualified of these simulacra, in favor of a greater understanding of what could be a possible encounter or communication between author and receiver and in the expectation of a gradual revelation of the artistic proposals corresponding to these simulacra, by the sum of perceptions and horizons taken from those spectators

Analyses of a chromosome-scale genome assembly reveal the origin and evolution of cultivated chrysanthemum

DATA AVAILABILITY : The raw sequencing data generated in this study have been deposited in the NCBI under accession PRJNA796762 and PRJNA895586 The chloroplast andmitochondrial genome were also available at GenBank under the accession number OP104251 and OP104742 respectively. The assembled genome sequences and annotations are available at Figshare [https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.21655364.v2]. The Arabidopsis ABCE and chrysanthemum CYC2 genes were used as query sequences for gene family identification, which are available at Figshare [https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.21610305]. Source data are provided with this paper.Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) is a globally important ornamental plant with great economic, cultural, and symbolic value. However, research on chrysanthemum is challenging due to its complex genetic background. Here, we report a near-complete assembly and annotation for C. morifolium comprising 27 pseudochromosomes (8.15 Gb; scaffold N50 of 303.69Mb). Comparative and evolutionary analyses reveal a whole-genome triplication (WGT) event shared by Chrysanthemum species approximately 6 million years ago (Mya) and the possible lineage-specific polyploidization of C. morifolium approximately 3 Mya. Multilevel evidence suggests that C. morifolium is likely a segmental allopolyploid. Furthermore, a combination of genomics and transcriptomics approaches demonstrate the C. morifolium genome can be used to identify genes underlying key ornamental traits. Phylogenetic analysis of CmCCD4a traces the flower colour breeding history of cultivated chrysanthemum. Genomic resources generated from this study could help to accelerate chrysanthemum genetic improvement.The National Natural Science Foundation of China, the Natural Science Fund of Jiangsu Province, China Agriculture Research System, the National Key Research and Development Program of China, the “JBGS” Project of Seed Industry Revitalisation in Jiangsu Province, the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program from European Research Council, the Methusalem funding from Ghent University, and a project funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institution.https://www.nature.com/ncomms/am2024BiochemistryGeneticsMicrobiology and Plant PathologySDG-15:Life on lan

An Energy Management Strategy and Parameter Optimization of Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles

This study involved a detailed analysis of an energy distribution strategy and the parameters of key components of fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs). In order to better utilize the advantages of multiple energy sources, the wavelet-fuzzy energy management method was used to adjust the demand power allocation among multiple energy sources, and particle swarm optimization (PSO) was used to solve highly nonlinear optimization problems under multi-dimensional and multi-condition constraints. The multi-objective optimization problem of predefined driving cycle powertrain parameters about fuel economy and system durability was studied. The parameters of the key components of the system were optimized, including the size parameters of the air com-pressor and the number of batteries and ultra-capacitors. Furthermore, the driving state under specific working conditions was analyzed, and a nonlinear model with system durability and fuel economy as the optimization objectives were established, which greatly reduced the costs, reduced the fuel consumption rate and extended the battery life. The simulation results showed that for a UDDS cycle, the FCS’s maximal net output power of 83 kW was optimal for the fuel economy and system durability of a fuel cell city bus

Based on Hot Embossing Lithography Preparation of High-Precision Micron-Level Pattern

Compared with UV embossing and micro-contact imprinting, hot embossing technology is the first to be used in nano-imprint lithography, and is access to copying the parallel structure in micro-nano-scale at low cost and relatively faster speed. This paper explores which factors influence some pattern transferring accuracy appearing in the experiment: the adhesion between mold and polymethyl methacrylate, the main factors of affecting embossing plastic flow including imprinting pressure, temperature, time and the plastic filling effect affected by mold pattern, the effect on the viscosity of embossing adhesive by temperature and the effect on the viscosity of embossing adhesive by embossing pressure and time. The parameters affecting the accuracy of pattern transfer are optimized via the IntelliSuite simulation designed specifically for Micro-electro-mechanical systems. A micro-level pattern with high-precision by the use of nano-imprint Obduct machine is eventually made

Physiology and transcriptome of Eucommia ulmoides seeds at different germination stages

E. ulmoides (Eucommia ulmoides) has significant industrial and medicinal value and high market demand. E. ulmoides grows seedlings through sowing. According to previous studies, plant hormones have been shown to regulate seed germination. To understand the relationship between hormones and E. ulmoides seed germination, we focused on examining the changes in various indicators during the germination stage of E. ulmoides seeds. We measured the levels of physiological and hormone indicators in E. ulmoides seeds at different germination stages and found that the levels of abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellin (GA), and indole acetic acid (IAA) significantly varied as the seeds germinated. Furthermore, we confirmed that ABA, GA, and IAA are essential hormones in the germination of E. ulmoides seeds using Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomics enrichment analyses of the transcriptome. The discovery of hormone-related synthesis pathways in the control group of Eucommia seeds at different germination stages further confirmed this conclusion. This study provides a basis for further research into the regulatory mechanisms of E. ulmoides seeds at different germination stages and the relationship between other seed germination and plant hormones

Computational Method of Aging Index for Catalytic Converter Based on Wavelet Transform 1

Abstract: In order to control vehicle exhaust emission effectively, the conversion efficiency of catalytic converter is one of the key monitoring and evaluated indexes. The signal monitoring system of oxygen sensor is built by the TI2812 microcontroller. The method is to obtain the eigenvector and correlation coefficient of signal energy distribution, and to determine the two signal correlativity by using the Daubechies wavelet functions to analyze voltage signals of front and back oxygen sensors. The noise and vibration source are identified with the correlation coefficient. The aging level of catalytic converter is estimated according to the value of correlation coefficient. Experiments show that the method is more simple and effective than the traditional one. Copyright © 2013 IFSA

Development of an On-board Diagnostics System Based on Wireless Network

In order to control vehicle exhaust emission effectively, an OBD is developed based on Zigbee technology. Overall solution design of the system is proposed and the vehicle-mounted monitoring database is established. The wireless network communication hardware platform is set up by the MC9S08GT60 microcontroller and the MC13192 wireless module. The project document is produced with the help of BeeKit wireless connectivity toolkit. Under the CodeWarrior IDE development environment, the monitoring station coordinator networking program and the vehicle-mounted terminal device networking program are designed. Experimental results shows that this system complete data exchange between the monitoring station coordinator and the vehicle-mounted terminal device and transfer data into monitoring station computer. The wireless network of OBD is realized

Knockdown of PAICS inhibits malignant proliferation of human breast cancer cell lines

Abstract Background Phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase, phosphoribosylaminoimidazole succinocarboxamide synthetase (PAICS), an enzyme required for de novo purine biosynthesis, is associated with and involved in tumorigenesis. This study aimed to evaluate the role of PAICS in human breast cancer, which remains the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related death among women in less developed countries. Results Lentivirus-based short hairpin RNA targeting PAICS specifically depleted its endogenous expression in ZR-75-30 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Depletion of PAICS led to a significant decrease in cell viability and proliferation. To ascertain the mechanisms through which PAICS modulates cell proliferation, flow cytometry was performed, and it was confirmed that G1-S transition was blocked in ZR-75-30 cells through PAICS knockdown. This might have occurred partly through the suppression of Cyclin E and the upregulation of Cyclin D1, P21, and CDK4. Moreover, PAICS knockdown obviously promoted cell apoptosis in ZR-75-30 cells through the activation of PARP and caspase 3 and downregulation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl expression in ZR-75-30 cells. Conclusions These findings demonstrate that PAICS plays an essential role in breast cancer proliferation in vitro, which provides a new opportunity for discovering and identifying novel effective treatment strategies