Photo-degradation of renewable biopolymer blended with thermoplastic high density polyethylene (HDPE)

High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) is one type of thermoplastic with varies applications but non-biodegradable material while biopolymer (BP) is environmentally friendly and degradable materials. However, BP has poor mechanical characteristics and restrict their capacity for varying in applications. Therefore, in this study, HDPE was blended with BP in liquid and particle form to produce BPL/ BPP. The composition ratio of BP blended with HDPE were 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30% wt/wt of BP. These BP, HDPE, BPL/ BPP with different percentages of loading then were exposed to different UV exposure (250h, 500h, 750h, 1000h, 2000h, and 3000h) to identify the photo-degradation process. The formation of functional group of urethane linkages and other absorption peak was identified by using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Norrish I and Norrish II reaction was taking place that produced ketone, amide group and carboxylic acid when increase in UV irradiation exposure that identified the photo-degradation process occurs in BPL/ BPP. By increasing percentages of BP loading, Melt Flow Index (MFI) shows decreasing in results indicate good flowability and improved its processability. Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) also shows a single peak of Tg indicated miscibility blending of BPL and BPP in all percentages of loading. BPL and BPP show higher tensile stress and hardness results as compared to BP. This is revealed the new blended polymer enhanced the mechanical properties of BP itself. Meanwhile, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) of BP shows brittle fracture morphology while HDPE shows ductile fracture and BPL or BPP show ductile to brittle morphological structure due to increasing in percentages of BP loading. Ultimately, BPL30-3000h, spider-web-like structure appeared while for BPP30-3000h, revealed a fine lamellar type of structure. Hence, BPL/ BPP successfully produced, and photo-degradation process occur and having good mechanical properties as compared to single materials itself (BP or HDPE)

Spectroscopic Studies of Oils and Its Synthesized Bio-Polymer / Nurulsaidatulsyida Sulong ...[et al.]

Nowadays, the development of alternatives to petroleum based - natural based polymeric materials were grow rapidly due to contemporary challenge attributable to environmental concerns and the effects of fluctuating oil prices.Triglycerides, the primary components of vegetable oils, are an abundant, renewable, and widely investigated as the alternative feedstock for polymeric materials [1], In this study, 3 types of cooking oil was used such as, Virgin Oil (VO), ‘Popia’ Oil (PO), and Mixed Oil (MO) for the synthesis of bio-monomer named as Virgin Oil Monomer (VOM), Popia Oil Monomer (POM) and Mixed Oil Monomer (MOM). These bio-monomers then converted to the bio-polymers named as Virgin Oil Polymer (VOP), Popia Oil Polymer (POP) and Mixed Oil Polymer (MOP). The spectroscopic properties of oils, bio-monomers and bio-polymers were tested using Fourie

Spectroscopic studies of oils and its synthesized bio-polymer

Nowadays, the development of alternatives to petroleum based - natural based polymeric materials were grow rapidly due to contemporary challenge attributable to environmental concerns and the effects of fluctuating oil prices.Triglycerides, the primary components of vegetable oils, are an abundant, renewable, and widely investigated as the alternative feedstock for polymeric materials [1], In this study, 3 types of cooking oil was used such as, Virgin Oil (VO), ‘Popia’ Oil (PO), and Mixed Oil (MO) for the synthesis of bio-monomer named as Virgin Oil Monomer (VOM), Popia Oil Monomer (POM) and Mixed Oil Monomer (MOM). These bio-monomers then converted to the bio-polymers named as Virgin Oil Polymer (VOP), Popia Oil Polymer (POP) and Mixed Oil Polymer (MOP). The spectroscopic properties of oils, bio-monomers and bio-polymers were tested using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The characteristic peak 3010.65 cm-1 was attributed to the C–H stretching of VO, PO, and MO. The peaks at 3010.65 cm-1 disappear during the epoxidation process and new peak appear around 3330cm-1 – 3450 cm-1 in the VOM, MOM and POM attributed to the hydroxyl groups (O-H). For VOP, MOP, and POP, a strong 3330 cm-1 - 3345 cm-1 absorption band characteristic of the N–H group and an absorption band characteristic of the C=O group centered around 1700 cm-1 are present in all the FTIR spectra. Hence, its shows all types of oils were successfully converted to the bio-monomers and bio-polymers as refer to the absorption band in spectroscopic analysis

Mechanical characterization of ABS recyling based electric and electronic equipment (WEEE) by using injection molding

Nowadays, recycling process become more and more importantly mostly due to the impressive increase in the production of waste and to growing attention to the environment friendly. Increasing of demand of new products and waste electric and electronic of waste polymer from many sectors is being recycled to reduce an economic, environment and energy issues. According to Rosa et al., (2010) and Tarantili et al., (2010), the term of polymer usually refers to thermoplastic material rather than thermosets and some typical representative’s acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS), polycarbonates (PC), polyamides (PA) and poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET)

Investigation of renewable polymer composite from waste oil endurance to UV irradiation exposure by using FTIR and UV-VIS

Waste vegetable from palm oil are most abundant biological sources and important raw materials for production of renewable polymer foam (RF) because of their versatility with high possibility to modify the chemical structure of triglycerides and it derivatives. In this study, waste vegetable oil was synthesized and crosslink with polymethane polyphenyl isocyanate, distilled water and titanium dioxide (TiO2) as filler to produce RF and its composites (RFC) by manual casting method. The physical property of RF and RFC were measured endurance to UV irradiation exposure for a period of 1000 hours by FTIR and UV-Vis. The RF shows an increase of yellowing due to formation of highly coloured quinone on photo-oxidation of the MDIbased polymer on UV irradiation exposure. The quinone oxidations products have been identified by combining FTIR measurement and UV-Visible spectroscopy, for example an absorption at 1510 cm-1 in the FTIR spectrum is due to formation of quinone structure that also absorb strongly at the range of 490 nm to 570 nm in UV-Visible spectrum. The increasing of TiO2 content in RF and RFC shows significant increases of absorbance peak and wavelength after UV irradiation exposure. As the loading of TiO2 increased (up to 10 % of monomer weight), the RFC10 shows highest photostability at 10 % of TiO2 loading. Hence, RFC10 has shown no significant or abrupt changes to the functional groups after UV irradiation exposure, allowing it to have a considerably good UV stabilizer to generate better UV protection