EFFECT OF BREAKING WAVE SHAPE ON IMPACT LOAD ON A MONOPILE STRUCTURE

A numerical model is derived to investigate the effect of breaking wave shape on impact load on a monopile structure. The derived model combines potential flow model with a Navier-Stokes/VOF solution. The analysis indicates that the breaking wave impact on a monopile structure results in an extremely rapid increase of pressure to high amplitudes. The peak impact pressure occurs in the region below the overturning wave jet. The breaking wave impact leads to extremely high slamming forces. It is observed that the slamming coefficient corresponding to the peak impact force approaches 2π. The area directly affected by the impact force is much higher than the impact area considered in engineering practice. Moreover, the analysis shows that the vertical load distribution is far more realistic than a rectangular shape distribution commonly applied in engineering practice. The results also show that the parameters of the rectangular shape distribution applied in engineering practice are complex function of the breaking wave shape and cannot be uniquely defined beforehand. This is because the vertical load distribution strongly depends on breaking wave shape and it is difficult to uniquely approximate such a complex load distribution by a rectangle. The derived results are compared with experimental data from laboratory experiments on irregular breaking wave loads on a monopile structure. Numerical results are in reasonable agreement with experimental data

Quality of life in patients diagnosed with unipolar affective disorder in depression phase in remission

Wstęp. Depresja należy do tak zwanych chorób afektywnych, czyli związanych z nastrojem przejawiających się uczucie smutku, apatii, niemożność przeżywania radości i czerpania przyjemności z czegokolwiek. Do innych ważnych objawów zalicza się brak aktywności, utratę zainteresowań, niechęć do nawiązywania relacji z innymi ludźmi. Ze względu na często długotrwałe utrzymywanie się objawów depresji dochodzi do zmian we wszystkich obszarach jakości życia chorych, co w konsekwencji utrudnia proces rehabilitacji psychiatrycznej i utrzymywania się stanu remisji. Cel pracy. Celem pracy była ocena jakości życia pacjentów z rozpoznaną chorobą afektywną jednobiegunową w fazie depresji w okresie remisji oraz stopnia nasilenia zaburzeń depresyjnych u badanych osób. Materiał i metody. Badania zostały przeprowadzone w Klinice Psychiatrii Dorosłych w Krakowie. Objęto nimi 105 pacjentów. Jako narzędzie badawcze wykorzystano Inwentarz Depresji Becka, który służy do oceny stopnia nasilenia objawów depresyjnych. Dodatkowo posłużono się skróconą wersję kwestionariusza oceniającego jakość życia – WHOQOL – BREFF. Wyniki i wnioski. Badania potwierdziły, że wśród pacjentów z rozpoznaną chorobą afektywną jednobiegunową w okresie remisji stwierdza się wszystkie stopnie nasilenia depresji. Przygnębienie, rozpacz, lęk to negatywne emocje, które w znaczny sposób wpływają na jakość życia, relacje społeczne oraz zadowolenie z siebie.Introduction. Depression is one of the so-called affective disorders, i.e. diseases associated with the mood – manifested by: feelings of sadness, apathy, inability to experience pleasure and take pleasure in anything. Other important manifestations are inactivity, the loss of interests, reluctance to establish relationships with other people. Due to frequent persistence of depression symptoms there are changes in all areas of quality of life, which in turn hinders the process of psychiatric rehabilitation and maintenance of the status of remission. Aim. The aim of this study was to assess the quality of life of patients diagnosed with unipolar affective disorder in depression phase in remission as well as the severity of depressive disorders in subjects. Material and methods. Examinations were conducted at the Psychiatry Clinic for Adults in Cracow and included 105 patients. As the research tool a Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was used which serves for the assessment of the severity of depression symptoms. In addition, the abridged version of the questionnaire assessing the quality of life– WHOQOL – BREFF was used. Results and conclusions. Examinations confirmed that amongst patients with diagnosed unipolar affective disorders in the period of the remission, all degrees of severity of depression are stated. Depression, despair and fear are negative emotions which in the considerable way influence the quality of life, social relations and satisfaction

Wild vascular plants gathered for consumption in the Polish countryside: a review

BACKGROUND: This paper is an ethnobotanical review of wild edible plants gathered for consumption from the end of the 18(th )century to the present day, within the present borders of Poland. METHODS: 42 ethnographic and botanical sources documenting the culinary use of wild plants were analyzed. RESULTS: The use of 112 species (3.7% of the flora) has been recorded. Only half of them have been used since the 1960s. Three species: Cirsium rivulare, Euphorbia peplus and Scirpus sylvaticus have never before been reported as edible by ethnobotanical literature. The list of wild edible plants which are still commonly gathered includes only two green vegetables (Rumex acetosa leaves for soups and Oxalis acetosella as children's snack), 15 folk species of fruits and seeds (Crataegus spp., Corylus avellana, Fagus sylvatica, Fragaria vesca, Malus domestica, Prunus spinosa, Pyrus spp., Rosa canina, Rubus idaeus, Rubus sect. Rubus, Sambucus nigra, Vaccinium myrtillus, V. oxycoccos, V. uliginosum, V. vitis-idaea) and four taxa used for seasoning or as preservatives (Armoracia rusticana root and leaves, Carum carvi seeds, Juniperus communis pseudo-fruits and Quercus spp. leaves). The use of other species is either forgotten or very rare. In the past, several species were used for food in times of scarcity, most commonly Chenopodium album, Urtica dioica, U. urens, Elymus repens, Oxalis acetosella and Cirsium spp., but now the use of wild plants is mainly restricted to raw consumption or making juices, jams, wines and other preserves. The history of the gradual disappearance of the original barszcz, Heracleum sphondylium soup, from Polish cuisine has been researched in detail and two, previously unpublished, instances of its use in the 20(th )century have been found in the Carpathians. An increase in the culinary use of some wild plants due to media publications can be observed. CONCLUSION: Poland can be characterized as a country where the traditions of culinary use of wild plants became impoverished very early, compared to some parts of southern Europe. The present use of wild plants, even among the oldest generation, has been almost entirely restricted to fruits

Integrated DSP Control and Image Acquisition System for Measuring Monochromatic Aberrations in Human Eyes

The monochromatic aberrations of the human eye limit visual performance to varying degrees. An aberroscope or a Hartman-Shack sensor can measure the total aberrations of the human eye. The aberroscope that is currently being developed at the Centre for Eye Research consists of a grid pattern that is projected on the eye through a specially designed optical system and a camera that records the resulting grid image from the retina. We propose the development of an integrated DSP system that would simultaneously control the projected grid pattern and capture the retinal images. Also, we derive a detection scheme for calculating the centroids of the retinal grid pattern. These centroids are used to determine the wavefront aberration error function of the human eye. The ability to rapidly acquire multiple patterns/images increases the accuracy of the monochromatic aberration estimates

Impact of nonlinear standing waves underneath a deck

A theoretical approach was applied to investigate the impact of nonlinear standing waves underneath a horizontal deck. A solution was achieved by applying a boundary element method. The model was applied to predict impact pressure underneath a deck. The results show that the wave impact is a very complex momentary process. The influence of initial boundary conditions, wave parameters and deck clearance on impact pressure are analysed. The analysis shows that purely sinusoidal waves of very small amplitude may cause an impact pressure several orders of magnitude higher than a pressure arising from typical applications of a linear wave theory. The analysis shows that all these non-intuitive outcomes arise from the complexity of a wave impact process and its enormous sensitivity to initial conditions what indicates serious difficulties in a reliable prediction of a wave impact for complex wave fields or other structures. Laboratory experiments were conducted to validate theoretical results.Zbadano proces uderzenia nieliniowych, stojących fal wodnych w spód poziomego pokładu. Wykorzystano podejście teoretyczne, którego rozwiązanie opiera się na Metodzie Elementów Brzegowych. Za pomocą modelu wyznaczono ciśnienia generowane uderzeniem fal wodnych. Wyniki wskazują na to, że proces jest bardzo złożony i ma charakter impulsowy. Analizowano wpływ początkowych warunków brzegowych, parametrów fali oraz wysokości zawieszenia pokładu nad powierzchnią spokoju na generowane ciśnienia. Wyniki pokazują, że nawet fale sinusoidalne, o małej amplitudzie mogą wywołać ciśnienia kilkukrotnie większe niż ciśnienia wynikające z typowych zastosowań teorii liniowej falowania. Pokazują również, że często nieintuicyjne wnioski wynikają ze złożoności procesu uderzenia fali i jego dużej czułości na początkowe warunki brzegowe. Wskazuje to na poważne trudności w wiarygodnym modelowaniu procesu uderzenia dla złożonych pól falowych oraz skomplikowanych układów geometrycznych budowli. Przeprowadzono również pomiary laboratoryjne w celu uzyskania danych do walidacji modelu numerycznego. Opracowany model zapewnia wyniki z dokładnością umożliwiającą zastosowanie go w zadaniach inżynierskich

Impact Pressure Distribution on a Monopile Structure Excited by Irregular Breaking Wave

The problem of impact pressure distribution on a monopole structure excited by irregular breaking waves is investigated. The analysis is performed by applying a numerical model that combines potential flow model with a Navier-Stokes/VOF solution. The temporal pressure distribution is analysed for two breaking wave cases characterized by the significant difference in the steepness of the wave front. The peak impact pressures are observed in the region below the overturning wave jet where the pressure increases rapidly resulting in a peak value of the slamming coefficient equal to Cs=2π. The vertical load distribution provided by the derived model is more realistic than a rectangular shape distribution applied in engineering practice. This is because the vertical load distribution strongly depends on breaking wave shape and it is difficult to uniquely approximate such a load distribution by a rectangle

The use of ambient marketing for creative communication with recipients on the example of selected brands

W dzisiejszych czasach przedsiębiorstwa coraz częściej decydują się na innowacyjne formy promowania swoich usług czy też produktu. Rynek reklamy rozwija się dynamicznie przez co przedsiębiorstwa konkurują ze sobą i starają się jak najlepiej dopasować reklamę pod klienta. W związku z powyższym istotnym elementem staje się analiza działań podejmowanych przez przedsiębiorstwa w zakresie stosowania ambient marketingu. Celem głównym niniejszej pracy jest omówienie wpływu ambient marketingu na zaangażowanie odbiorcy oraz jego aktywnej roli w procesie komunikacji marketingowej na przykładzie kampanii ambientowych marki Coca Cola i Ikea. Zgodnie z celem pracy autorka przeanalizowała trzy kampanie ambientowe podanych marek pod względem komunikacji, innowacji oraz zakresu aktywności jaki wywołuje dana reklama.Nowadays, enterprises more and more often decide to use innovative forms of promoting their services or products. The advertising market is developing dynamically, which means that companies compete with each other and try to best match the advertisement to the client. In connection with the above, an important element is the analysis of activities undertaken by enterprises in the field of using ambient marketing. The main goal of this master’s thesis is to discuss the impact of ambient marketing on the recipient's involvement and its active role in the process of marketing communication on the example of Coca Cola and Ikea ambient campaigns. In accordance with the aim of the work, the author analyzed three ambient campaigns of the given brands in terms of communication, innovation and the scope of activity caused by a given advertisement