Involvement of fishermen children in fishing activities in Lake Chad region

Five fishing villages in Lake Chad Basin region of Borno State (Nigeria) were assessed for the roles of children in fishing activities in the area. The villages surveyed include: Bundaram, Yobe, Daba masara, Dumba and Doro. The results show that the children were largely between 12-18 years of age in the villages. Generally, the younger children (less than 12 years) participate in activities that require no technicality and little physical strength, while the older children (12 years and above) engage in skillful fabrication of gear and fishing activities. Some activities in the surveyed villages were gender specific. Such activities include fish processing (smoking) which is exclusive for female and few male children, who carry out preliminary cleaning of fish before any processing method is applied. 80% of the children in the five fishing villages claimed proper understanding of the techniques and procedure involved in most fishing activities. About 65% of the children sampled showed willingness to become full time fishermen while 22% were uncertain and claimed that they do not know what the future holds for them. 15% of them resolved to migrate to town so that they could live a city lif

Three-dimensional stability of the solar tachocline

The three-dimensional, hydrodynamic stability of the solar tachocline is investigated based on a rotation profile as a function of both latitude and radius. By varying the amplitude of the latitudinal differential rotation, we find linear stability limits at various Reynolds numbers by numerical computations. We repeated the computations with different latitudinal and radial dependences of the angular velocity. The stability limits are all higher than those previously found from two-dimensional approximations and higher than the shear expected in the Sun. It is concluded that any part of the tachocline which is radiative is hydrodynamically stable against small perturbations.Comment: 6 pages, 8 figures, accepted by Astron. & Astrophy

A study of the participating women in Lake Alau's fishery

The article discusses the increasing participation of women in artisanal fishery in Nigeria. The concept of involvement of women in poverty alleviation, food security and social development activities should have high priority and should put women on the research agenda as one of the means of bridging the gap in knowledge regarding their status and contribution in rural development in Nigeri

T2 breast cancer presenting with diffuse liver metastases and hepatic failure following fertility treatment. Cautionary report

AbstractBackgroundDiffuse hepatic metastases with hepatic failure as a presentation of a T2 breast cancer is rare. This is also remarkable seeing our case had been on fertility treatments before presentation. There are no documented reports of breast cancer patient on fertility treatment presenting with diffuse hepatic metastases and liver failure.Case summaryA 41 year old Para 1 Nigerian woman being managed for secondary infertility with an extended use of clomiphene presented with a 3 months history of a left breast lump, nipple bleeding and later, yellowness of eyes, right hypochondrial pain malaise and drowsiness. Abdominal USS showed an enlarged liver with diffuse metastatic nodules. Liver function tests showed persistently elevating liver enzymes and serum bilirubin. Serology showed Hepatitis B negative. She was diagnosed with a T2 left invasive ductal carcinoma, Er−, Pr+ Her2+ with deteriorating liver function from diffuse hepatic metastases She had chemotherapy but succumbed barely a week of presentation.ConclusionBreast cancer screening for patients before fertility treatments and continual surveillance while on such treatment is highly recommended

Adult large bowel obstruction: A review of clinical experience

Background: Adult large bowel obstruction is an infrequent cause of acute obstruction in Africa and India. The cause of obstruction varies between regions of the world. Current controversy concerns the surgical  management of the acutely obstructed left colon.Materials and Methods: This is a prospective study of adult patients with acute large bowel obstruction over a 6-year period. The diagnosis of adult obstruction was made from a history of constipation, abdominal distension,abdominal pain, nausea, and radiographic features of large bowel obstruction. Laparotomy was performed on all patients after resuscitation. If the obstruction involved the right colon resection and primary ileo-colic anastomosis was performed, while for a lesion in the left colon a resection and primary colocolic anastomosis was performed after intraoperative antegrade colonic irrigation. If the obstructing lesions were thought to be malignant and too advanced to merit any excisional or the patient’s general condition was too poor to withstand resection, a biopsywas taken and a decompressive bypass procedure given pending the confirmation of the diagnosis. The clinical course and postoperative outcome were carefully documented.Results: A total of 50 patients aged 20-80 years, with a median age of 49 years, presented with features consistent with large bowel obstruction. Of these, 32 had simple sigmoid volvulus and were offered sigmoid colectomy and primary colorectal anastomosis, while 3 further patients with compound sigmoid volvulus had double resection with primary ileo-ileal and colorectal anastomosis. A patient with sigmoid volvulus had a Hartmann’s procedure.Twelve patients had colon cancer, four had left hemicolectomy and primary colocolic anastomosis; three, sigmoid colectomy and primary colorectal anastomosis; three, low anterior resection and primary colorectal anastomosis; one decompressive colostomy and one, a right hemicolectomy and primary ileocolic anastomosis. The two patients withfunctional obstruction (Ogilvie syndrome) had tube caecostomy. All resections and primary anastomosis involving the right colon were preceded by antegrade on-table colonic lavage. One clinical anastomotic leak occurred in a low rectal anastomosis and minor wound infection in 10 patients. Operative mortality occurred in three patients with sigmoid volvulus.Conclusion: Adult large bowel obstruction is infrequent in our community and is caused commonly by sigmoid volvulus. Resection and primary anastomosis of the acute left-sided large bowel obstruction seems safe after antegrade on-table colonic lavage, provided bowel gangrene with peritonitis or any additional risk factor for anastomotic breakdown is not present

Real or not? Identifying untrustworthy news websites using third-party partnerships

Untrustworthy content such as fake news and clickbait have become a pervasive problem on the Internet, causing significant socio-political problems around the world. Identifying untrustworthy content is a crucial step in countering them. The current best-practices for identification involve content analysis and arduous fact-checking of the content. To complement content analysis, we propose examining websites? third-parties to identify their trustworthiness. Websites utilize third-parties, also known as their digital supply chains, to create and present content and help the website function. Third-parties are an important indication of a website?s business model. Similar websites exhibit similarities in the third-parties they use. Using this perspective, we use machine learning and heuristic methods to discern similarities and dissimilarities in third-party usage, which we use to predict trustworthiness of websites. We demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of our approach in predicting trustworthiness of websites from a database of News, Fake News, and Clickbait websites. Our approach can be easily and cost-effectively implemented to reinforce current identification methods

Analisis kinerja turbin air arus bawah bentuk sudu bengkok dengan variasi material

A water turbine is a device used to convert the potential energy of water into mechanical energy. This mechanical energy is then converted into electrical energy by a generator. This test was carried out experimentally using a crooked blade type with six blades and the type of water turbine used was undershoot. Various type of blade materials are plastic, aluminum, and iron. As well as varying the opening of fluid flow, namely the valve opening of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%.The results obtained indicate that variations in turbine blade material have effect on turbine power and turbine efficiency The highest turbine power and efficiency was obtained at 100% valve opening with load of 0.7 kg on plastic, iron and aluminum material. The highest turbine power is 1.1608 watt for the plastic blade, for aluminum blade is 1.2219 watt, for iron blade is 1.0997 watt. The highest efficiency obtained for plastic blades is 50.1360 %, for aluminum blades is 52.7748%, for iron blades is 47.4973 % A water turbine is a device used to convert the potential energy of water into mechanical energy. This mechanical energy is then converted into electrical energy by a generator. This test was carried out experimentally using a crooked blade type with six blades and the type of water turbine used was undershoot. Various types of blade materials are plastic, aluminium, and iron. As well as varying the opening of fluid flow, namely the valve opening of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. The results obtained indicate that variations in turbine blade material have an effect on turbine power and turbine efficiency The highest turbine power and efficiency was obtained at 100% valve opening with a load of 0.7 kg on plastic, iron and aluminium material. The highest turbine power is 1.16 watts for the plastic blade, the aluminium blade is 1.22 watts, and for the iron, the blade is 1.1 watts. The highest efficiency obtained for plastic blades is 50.14 % for experiment and theoretical is 5.67%, aluminium blades are 52.77% for experiment and 54.41% for theoretical, iron blades are 47.5% for experiment and 48.97% for theoretical

Microbiological assessment of some day care floors within Ilorin metropolis

There are increasing number of daycare centres in many cities where nursing mother keep their children during working hours. Many of these children come home with episode of diseases. Floor is one of the avenues for disease transmission. It is therefore necessary to carry out microbiological investigation of these floor surfaces. Ten day-care centres within Ilorin metropolis were involved in this study. Swab samples were collected from an area of 25cm by 25cm of the floor at each location. The samples were analyzed and tested for total viable bacterial, faecal coliform, and fungal count. The bacterial count ranged from 1.8 x 103 to 2.0 x 104cfu/ml while the faecal coliform count ranged from 0 to 100 cfu/ml. Similarly, the fungal count ranged from 4.0 x 102 to 4.0 x 10 cfu/ml. A total of thirteen different bacterial isolates and six different fungal isolates were identified. The bacterial isolates were Bacillus licheniformis, Aeromonas sp., Bacillus coagulans, Micrococcus sedentarius, Staphylococcus aureus, Corynebacterium kutscheri, Bacillus megaterium, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Acinetobacter sp., Bacillus polymyxa, Corynebacterium sp., Citrobacter sp., and Proteus sp. while the fungal isolates were Aspergillus clavatus, Geotrichum candidum, Penicillium chrysogenum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Fusarium culmorum, and Aspergillus niger. It was concluded that some pathogenic microorganisms were present on the floors of some day care centres. Hence, there is need for the operators of the day care centres to improve on the level of hygiene; and the local health authorities need to regularly visit these day care centres to see if they are operating within the minimum standards