Large-scale solar wind flow around Saturn's nonaxisymmetric magnetosphere

The interaction between the solar wind and a magnetosphere is fundamental to the dynamics of a planetary system. Here, we address fundamental questions on the large-scale magnetosheath flow around Saturn using a 3D magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulation. We find Saturn's polar-flattened magnetosphere to channel ~20% more flow over the poles than around the flanks at the terminator. Further, we decompose the MHD forces responsible for accelerating the magnetosheath plasma to find the plasma pressure gradient as the dominant driver. This is by virtue of a high-beta magnetosheath, and in turn, the high-MA bow shock. Together with long-term magnetosheath data by the Cassini spacecraft, we present evidence of how nonaxisymmetry substantially alters the conditions further downstream at the magnetopause, crucial for understanding solar wind-magnetosphere interactions such as reconnection and shear flow-driven instabilities. We anticipate our results to provide a more accurate insight into the global conditions upstream of Saturn and the outer planets.Comment: Accepted for publication in Journal of Geophysical Journal: Space Physic

ANALISIS PERTIMBANGAN HAKIM DALAM PERALIHAN HAK ATAS TANAH TERLANTAR MILIK BADAN USAHA MILIK NEGARA NOMOR : 03/PDT.G/2011/PN-LSM”

Abandoned land is land that has been granted rights by the state in the form of Ownership Rights, Business Utilization Rights, Building Use Rights, Use Rights and Management Rights, or basic control over land that is not cultivated, not used, or not utilized in accordance with the circumstances or the nature and purpose. granting rights or the basis for their control. The definition of abandoned land is not regulated in Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 11 of 2010 concerning Control and Utilization of Abandoned Land (“PP No. 11/2010”). However, it is regulated in Article 1 point 6 of the Regulation of the Head of the National Land Agency of the Republic of Indonesia Number 4 of 2010 concerning Procedures for Controlling Abandoned Land.The results of the study explain that the judge with his considerations in the case related to the transfer of rights to abandoned land belonging to state-owned enterprises in the decision Number: 3/Pdt.G/2011/PN-Lsm The judge considered that the problem in the abandoned domain was absolutely not the authority of the lhokseumawe district court. However, in the State Administrative Court, because the plaintiff in his case mentioned the ownership assets of the land. Thus, the judge rejected all of the plaintiffs' claims

FPGA-enabled binarised convolutional neural networks toward real-time embedded object recognition system

In this presentation, we report the results of applying a binarised Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) for image-based object recognition. While the demand rises for robots with robust object recognition implemented with Neural Networks, a trade-off between data processing rate and power consumption persists. Some applications utilise GPGPU (General Purpose computing on Graphics Processing Units), which results in high power consumption thus undesirable for embedded systems, while the others communicate with cloud computers to minimise computational resources at the clients’ side, i.e. robots, raising another concern that the robots are unable to perform object recognition without the servers and network connections. To overcome these difficulties, we propose an embedded object recognition system implemented with a binarised CNN and an FPGA. FPGAs consist of a matrix of reconfigurable logic gates allowing parallel computing which befits most image processing algorithms such as the CNN. We train the binarised CNN on one of our datasets that contain images of several kinds of food and beverages. The results of the experiments show that the binarised CNN with an FPGA maintains high accuracy as well as real-time computation, suggesting that the proposed system is suitable for robots to perform their tasks in a real-world environment without needing to communicate with a server

Urban Rainfall-Runoff Study To Validate The Design Chart In The Malaysian Urban Storm Water Management Manual (MSMA).

Knowledge on rainfall-runoff response is vital in engineering practices for developing area in the humid tropics. This paper will discuss the runoff response due to varying rainfall within small Malaysian urban catchment

Suprathermal electrons at Saturn's bow shock

The leading explanation for the origin of galactic cosmic rays is particle acceleration at the shocks surrounding young supernova remnants (SNRs), although crucial aspects of the acceleration process are unclear. The similar collisionless plasma shocks frequently encountered by spacecraft in the solar wind are generally far weaker (lower Mach number) than these SNR shocks. However, the Cassini spacecraft has shown that the shock standing in the solar wind sunward of Saturn (Saturn's bow shock) can occasionally reach this high-Mach number astrophysical regime. In this regime Cassini has provided the first in situ evidence for electron acceleration under quasi-parallel upstream magnetic conditions. Here we present the full picture of suprathermal electrons at Saturn's bow shock revealed by Cassini. The downstream thermal electron distribution is resolved in all data taken by the low-energy electron detector (CAPS-ELS, <28 keV) during shock crossings, but the higher energy channels were at (or close to) background. The high-energy electron detector (MIMI-LEMMS, >18 keV) measured a suprathermal electron signature at 31 of 508 crossings, where typically only the lowest energy channels (<100 keV) were above background. We show that these results are consistent with theory in which the "injection" of thermal electrons into an acceleration process involves interaction with whistler waves at the shock front, and becomes possible for all upstream magnetic field orientations at high Mach numbers like those of the strong shocks around young SNRs. A future dedicated study will analyze the rare crossings with evidence for relativistic electrons (up to ~1 MeV).Comment: 22 pages, 5 figures. Accepted for publication in Ap

Whistler mode waves upstream of Saturn

Whistler-mode waves are generated within and can propagate upstream of collisionless shocks. They are known to play a role in electron thermodynamics/acceleration and, under certain conditions, are markedly observed as wave trains preceding the shock ramp. In this paper, we take advantage of Cassini's presence at ~10 AU to explore the importance of whistler-mode waves in a parameter regime typically characterized by higher Mach number (median of ~14) shocks, as well as a significantly different IMF structure, compared to near Earth. We identify electromagnetic precursors preceding a small subset of bow shock crossings with properties which are consistent with whistler-mode waves. We find these monochromatic, low-frequency, circularly-polarized waves to have a typical frequency range of 0.2 - 0.4 Hz in the spacecraft frame. This is due to the lower ion and electron cyclotron frequencies near Saturn, between which whistler waves can develop. The waves are also observed as predominantly right-handed in the spacecraft frame, the opposite sense to what is typically observed near Earth. This is attributed to the weaker Doppler shift, owing to the large angle between the solar wind velocity and magnetic field vectors at 10 AU. Our results on the low occurrence of whistler waves upstream of Saturn also underpins the predominantly supercritical bow shock of Saturn.Comment: Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics (January 2017) 21 pages, 4 figure

Fattening and Some Carcass Characteristics of Karadi Lambs Raised on Concentrate or Pasture

Fourteen weaned Karadi lambs (4-5 months old) and weighing 26.5±0.33 Kg were used to evaluate the effect of feeding on concentrate or on pasture with free access to barley on fattening and some carcass characteristics. Lambs were slaughtered when each individual lamb reached its designated body weight (35 kg). Significantly (p&lt;0.05) average daily gain in weight was higher in the lambs maintained on concentrate (140.11±10.48) compared to those fed on pasture and supplemented with barely (88.23±13.20). There was no significant differences between the two groups for dressing percentage, all cuts of the carcass and edible and non edible organs, while lambs fed on concentrate exhibited thicker fat over L. dorsi muscle and had greater rib eye area compared to lambs kept on pasture and supplemented with barely

Looks can be deceiving: adrenal Teratoma causing diagnostic difficulty

Teratomas are unusual tumours that derived from totipotent cells with their origin from more than one or usually all three germ cells. Here authors are presenting a case of primary retroperitoneal tumour that is a rare clinical entity. A 19-year-old male presented with right lumbar pain and was found to have complex cyst with large calcification in right adrenal gland on imaging. Intraoperatively, he was found to have a solid mass with areas of soft consistency, which was excised en bloc. On gross examination, the cyst contained pieces of bone, few teeth, and hairs entangled in mucinous material. On histological evaluation, it was confirmed to be mature teratoma arising from the right adrenal gland. He made uneventful recovery and was kept well on annual follow-up

Outer rotor wound field flux switching machine for In-wheel direct drive application

Nowadays the flux switching machines offer pivotal role in high speed applications. The flux sources (field excitation coil and armature winding or permanent magnet) are confined to the stator leaving rotor completely passive, and thus making the flux switching machine (FSM) more suitable for industrial applications. This paper emphasizes salient rotor pole and non-overlapping windings embedded in electrical machine design possess some pertinent features such as reduced copper losses, low-cost, and usage in high speed applications. The proposed design is analyzed for coil test analysis and flux linkage and torque. On the basis of the analysis performed, it is clear that 12-slot/13-pole has low cogging torque, high flux linkage, and maximum torque, compared with other topologies of outer rotor field excitation FSM. A deterministic optimization technique is adopted to enhance the performance of 12-slot/13-pole design. Further, finite element analysis (FEA) results are verified through Global Reluctance Network (GRN) methodology, which show close resemblance with error less than 1.2%. Hence, it validates the proposed design for outer rotor field excitation FSM direct drive application. The proposed design for hybrid electric vehicle torque characteristic is compared with existing interior permanent magnet synchronous machine (IPMSM) and 6-slot/7-pole wound field flux switching machine (WFFSM)

Assessment of drought impacts on vegetation health: a case study in Kedah

Prolonged drought in the early of 2014 has caused Malaysia to experience water supply shortage which directly affects both health and growth of vegetation. Thus this study aims to assess the risk vegetation areas that were impacted during 2014's drought by integrating the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and Normalized Differentiation Vegetation Index (NDVI) methods. These two methods were able to assess the risk areas for the vegetation by measuring its health and classifying them according to its severity while considering the rainfall reduction at the specific time and location. The results obtained from this study shows that the central and north west of Kedah was vulnerable to the occurrence of drought. Kedah was more impacted by the dry event during the northeast monsoon. This study is significant as a fundamental input for further research and as an alternative approach by the application of space technology