Effects of hydrocarbon contamination on soil microbial community and enzyme activity

Acknowledgment I would like to gratefully acknowledge the government of Saudi Arabia for the scholarship and financial support.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

The Mediation Effect of Trusting Beliefs on the Relationship Between Expectation-Confirmation and Satisfaction with the Usage of Online Product Recommendation

Online Product Recommendations (OPRs) are increasingly available to onlinecustomers as a value-added self-service in evaluating and choosing a product.Research has highlighted several advantages that customers can gain from usingOPRs. However, the realization of these advantages depends on whether and towhat extent customers embrace and fully utilise them. The relatively low OPR USAgerate indicates that customers have not yet developed trust in OPRs’ performance.Past studies also have established that satisfaction is a valid measure of systemperformance and a consistent significant determinant of users’ continuous systemusage. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the mediation effect of trustingbeliefs on the relationship between expectation-confirmation and satisfaction. Theproposed research model is tested using data collected via an online survey from626 existing users of OPRs. The empirical results revealed that social-psychologicalbeliefs (perceived confirmation and trust) are significant contributors to customersatisfaction with OPRs. Additionally, trusting beliefs partially mediate the impactof perceived confirmation on customer satisfaction. Moreover, this study validatesthe extensions of the interpersonal trust construct to trust in OPRs and examinesthe nomological validity of trust in terms of competence, benevolence, andintegrity. The findings provide a number of theoretical and practical implications.&nbsp

Realitas Politikus Perempuan sebagai Komunikator Politik

Women's existence and political role has been broader from time to time, in line with affirmative action in gender issue raised in political parties, in which women are served to get 30% of political quota to be selected legislative members in the General Election 2004. Even so, there still some obstacles they have to face, for instance the political parties itself as the “political vehicle” and the order number of the legislative candidates that also plays important role. In the 2004, General Election for the West Java Province House of Representative candidates, from 27% women there is only 10 people selected—or in other word—10% of 100 West Java Province House of Representative selected members and selected politician women, proved to be seated in number one or two. Furthermore, it is a unique and interesting fact to be observed how 10 politician women succeed to be West Java Province House of Representative members Year 2004-2009. Communication politics' reality found that political party dominance in determination of legislative candidates and political decision made by the fractions, related to politicians' functions in certain committee or any decision made in the committee. Afterward, women's politic reality, in the perspectives of quality, readiness, and equality in responding affirmative action includes the political party seriousness to give broader opportunity for politician women

Proses Integrasi Sikap Dalam Pembelajaran Matematika SMP Berdasarkan Kurikulum 2013 (Studi Kasus Pada Proses Pembelajaran Kelas VII SMP Al Azhar Syifa Budi Solo Semester Ganjil Tahun Pelajaran 2013/2014)

The objective of this research was to describe the integration process and attitude assessment done by the teacher in mathematics learning process at seventh grade of SMP Al Azhar Syifa Budi Solo. This qualitative research was a case study. The subjects of this research were a teacher and three seventh grade students of SMP Al Azhar Syifa Budi Solo. The data of integration process was in the form of activity within mathematics learning process supported by the subjects' statement. Data analyzing process began by assessing all data available in the recorder, which includes the learning process and interview. There were three steps in analyzing the data: data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusion. Information of attitude assessment was in the form of information gathering activity conducted by the teacher to the students. The data were obtained from the transcription of recorded interview and learning process. Validation techniques used were perseverance maintenance and time triangulation. The results of this research are as follows: 1) Integration process of attitude in mathematics learning at seventh grade of SMP Al Azhar Budi Syifa Solo based on Curriculum 2013. During observation learning process, the teacher asks the students to observe objects and events in daily life related to mathematics learning topic. During question and answer learning process, the teacher gives questions to the students and provides them chance to ask questions. During information gathering process, the students were asked to discuss a certain concept, to read a book and to discuss it, to examine, to explain, and to solve a problem. During associating learning process, the teacher asks the students to analyze, to associate, and to define in details the learning topic. Lastly, during communicating learning process, the teacher helps the students to summarize the material comprehensively. 2) Process of attitude assessment during mathematics learning at seventh grade of SMP Al Azhar Syifa Budi Solo are: the process of curiosity assessment was conducted by the teacher when the students solved the problems related to the materials; the process of responsibility assessment was conducted by the teacher when the students solved the problems and when the students present the result of their discussion in front of the class. The assessment of curiosity and responsibility were conducted by giving checklist mark on the attitude observation sheet

Dilema Elite Politik dan Kekuatan Media Massa

The dominance of the political drama in the media seemed to be the evidence of a democratic process in which the political actors are always racing to win popularity or good imaging of themselves either individually or collectively (political party). However, the political drama is increasingly showing an interest gap, where the people actually crave affairs and social developmen. This is the rare serious discussion covered by the mass media, because it is less interesting than the debate of political and legal problems, or that reality is really no serious struggle about the fate of the people\u27s welfare. Democracy is not for any political and legal issues as well as press freedom, but democracy is to answer how people could be prospered by the government and the representatives (political elites) who carry out the mandate of the people through elections

Trend of neonatal mortality in Nigeria from 1990 to 2017 using time series analysis

The study examined the incidence of the rate of Neonatal Mortality in Nigeria. The incidence tested with use of Time Series Analysis (ARIMA). The trend plot of the incidence shows that there has been steady decrease in the incidence rate over the years. The series was stationarity using the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) Test, the result found to be stationary. The Correlogram of the incidence also supports the stationarity of the series at 1% level of  significance. The model that best describes the incidence was tested using the Box-Jenkins four step procedures, which involve identification, explanation, diagnostic and forecasting. ARMA (1, 1), and ARIMA (1, 1, 1) models were tested, and ARIMA (1, 1, 1) model happens to be the best model that best fits the series. The time series analysis shows that neonatal mortality rate has reduced by 17.8% from 51. 7% in the year 1990 to 33. 9% in the year 2017.Keywords: Auto regression, Moving average, Mortality, Stationarity, Correlogra

A heterogeneous catalyst from a mixture of coconut waste and eggshells for biodiesel production

In this study, heterogeneous catalysts were synthesized from mixture of calcined solid coconut waste and eggshells as a catalyst for the transesterification of palm oil. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite design (CCD) was used to optimize the amount of catalysts (coconut waste:calcined eggshells ratio) for production of biodiesel. The optimum ratio of catalysts for biodiesel production was found as follows: coconut waste to eggshell, 5:1 wt% and the highest FAME yield was 81% with fixed parameters of reaction time (3 h), reaction temperature (65°C), and methanol:oil ratio (24:1)

Umbilical artery doppler velocimetry study on prediction of adverse pregnancy outcomes among high risk pregnant women with diabetes mellitus at Aminu Kano teaching hospital

Background: Doppler velocimetry studies of pregnant women with diabetes mellitus can predict adverse pregnancy outcomes.Objective: To identify pregnant women with diabetes mellitus for second trimester umbilical artery Doppler velocimetry to predict adverse pregnancy outcomes.Methods: It was a prospective study among pregnant women with diabetes mellitus. The umbilical artery Doppler study was carried outin second trimester using 3.5 m Hz convex of the Mindry Digital Ultrasound Imaging System (Model DP-8800Plus; ShenzenMindray Biomed electronics, China).Results:  a total of 64 pregnant women with diabetes mellitus were recruited at the gestational age of 20 to 24 weeks. The mean age ± SD was 33.06±4.79. Only 24 (37.50%) of the women had gestational diabetes of which 16 (66.67%) had abnormal RI but no diastolic notch. Fourty women were identified with pregestational diabetes and Half of them had abnormal RI of which 4 had diastolic notches.Conclusion: Diabetic pregnant women withhigh resistive indices following umbilical artery Doppler velocimetry were not associated with significant adverse pregnancy outcomes.Keywords: Umbilical artery Doppler velocimetry, diabetes in pregnancy, adverse pregnancy outcomes

PROFIL PENALARAN SISWA DALAM MEMECAHKAN MASALAH MATEMATIKA DITINJAU DARI GENDER

Abstrak Profil penalaran merupakan gambaran atau deskripsi tentang berpikir logis untuk membuat pernyataan atau menarik kesimpulan berdasarkan pernyataan-pernyataan atau fakta yang relevan serta sudah dibuktikan kebenarannya. Indikator yang digunakan untuk mengungkapkan  profil penalaran meliputi sensemaking, conjecturing, convincing, reflecting, dan generalising. Sementara itu, perbedaan gender memengaruhi  profil penalaran dalam menyelesaikan masalah matematika. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan profil penalaran siswa SMP dengan gender laki-laki maskulin dan perempuan feminin dalam memecahkan masalah matematika. Penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif ini dilaksanakan di kelas VIII SMP Labschool Unesa tahun ajaran 2020/2021. Subjek penelitian adalah dua siswa kelas VIII yang memiliki kemampuan matematika yang setara. Mereka adalah seorang siswa laki-laki maskulin dan seorang siswa perempuan feminine. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara wawancara subjek secara mendalam berdasarkan Tugas Pemecahan Masalah. Tugas Pemecahan Masalah berisi soal uraian materi aljabar. Dalam pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik triangulasi waktu untuk memeroleh data yang kredibel. Analisis data dilakukan dengan kategorisasi data, reduksi data, penyajian data, interpretasi data, dan penarikan kesimpulan.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa laki-laki maskulin menggunakan berpikir logis dalam menyelesaikan masalah karena mampu memberikan argumen yang tepat disetiap langkah penyelesaian serta membuat dugaan strategi penyelesain yang tepat sehingga dapat menyelesaikan masalah dengan benar. Sedangkan perempuan feminin mengalami kesulitan dalam memberikan dugaan tentang strategi penyelesaian yang akan digunakan dan tidak mampu memberikan argumen pada beberapa langkah penyelesaian. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa profil penalaran siswa laki-laki maskulin dalam menyelesaikan masalah matematika lebih baik dibandingkan perempuan feminine. Perbedaan profil penalaran mengakibatkan kemampuan siswa dalam aktivitas matematika mulai dari penyerapan konsep matematika sampai menyelesaikan masalah matematika juga berbeda sehingga akan berdampak pada hasil belajar siswa. Oleh karena itu, mengetahui profil penalaran siswa merupakan hal yang penting, dengan mengetahui profil penalaran siswa dapat membantu guru dalam menyusun pembelajaran yang mampu memaksimalkan domain pengetahuan siswa. Kata Kunci: profil penalaran, memecahkan masalah matematika, gender. Abstract Reasoning Profile is a description of logical thinking to make statements or draw conclusions based on statements or facts that are relevant and have been proven to be true. The indicators of reasoning profile are  sensemaking, conjecturing, convincing, reflecting, and generalizing. Meanwhile, gender identity affects reasoning profiles in mathematical problems solving. This study aimed describing at the reasoning profile of junior high school students with gender male masculine and female feminine in solving mathematical problems. This descriptive research with a qualitative approach was implemented in Grade 8 of SMP Labschool UNESA academic year 2020/2021. The subjects were two eighth grade students who had the same math ability. They were one male masculine student and one female feminine student.  Data were taken by interviewing the subject in depth on the basis of tasks problem solving. The problem solving task contained questions related to Algebraic matter. In collecting data using time triangulation techniques to obtain credible data. Data analysis was done by categorization, reduction, display, interpretation, and conclusion. The research results showed that male masculine student use logical thinking in problem solving by providing the right arguments at every step of the solutions and guessing correct solution strategy so that it can solve the problem correctly. Meanwhile, female feminine have the difficulty to make assumptions about solution strategy and unable to provide arguments at some steps of solution. This shows that the male masculine students' reasoning profile in solving mathematical problem is better than female feminine students. Differences in reasoning profiles result in students' abilities in mathematical activities ranging from absorption of mathematical concepts to solving mathematical problems that are also different so that it will have an impact on student learning outcomes. Therefore, knowing the student's reasoning profile is important, knowing the student's reasoning profile can help teachers in structuring learning that is able to maximize students' domain knowledge. Keywords: reasoning profile, solving mathematical problem, gender

Keragaan Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kinerja Penyuluh di Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian

Information of research results is an output and the main asset of the Assessment Institute of AgriculturalTechnology (AIAT). This information of research result needs to be formulated into easily understood information,using the most suitable media before being disseminated to various prospective users. In this respect, professionalswho deal with innovation transfer need to possess adequate knowledge and skills to ensure an efficient and effectiveflow of information from its source to intended audiences. The effort to increase the efficiency and effectiveness ofthe information flow of agricultural research result was the justification to merge the Institute for AgriculturalInformation (IAI) and AIAT. This institutional integration also brought the consequence of the involvement ofextentionists, who were the main professional staff of IAI, into the AIAT working system. After 10 years ofintegration, the increase of efficiency and effectiveness of innovation transfer at AIAT has not resulted as expected.This poor performance of innovation transfer is among others resulted from the unfavourable working condition ofextentionists in fulfilling their role and function within the AIAT working system. The objective of this study was toidentify constraints being faced by AIAT extentionists in fulfilling their role and function at AIAT. Results of thestudy indicated that the capacity of AIAT extentionists was a resultant or a product of existing policies and workingcondition within the Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development (IAARD) and AIAT, and at otherrelated agricultural institutions outside the IAARD. In this respect, AIAT extentionists were in agreement with almostall constraints being stated as hypotheses in this study. The AIAT extentionists indicated that their performance was aresultant of internal and external constraints within their working system as follows: (a) professional capacity of AIATextentionists, (b) professional performance of AIAT extentionists, (c) structural problems, (d) working facilities andsupporting administration, (e) external factors. Thus, efforts to increase the performance of AIAT extentionists shouldstart from implementing policies and various activities being needed to alleviate those five constraints mentionedabove.Key words: extentionist, innovation transfer, perceptionInformasi hasil penelitian dan pengkajian merupakan aset intelektual dan keluaran utama dari BPTP (BalaiPengkajian Teknologi Pertanian) yang perlu dikemas ke dalam “bahasa” yang mudah dimengerti sebelumdisampaikan kepada beerbagai khalayak penggunanya. Penyelenggara proses alih teknologi membutuhkanpengetahuan dan keterampilan yang memadai, agar alur teknologi ini dapat mengalir dengan efisien dan efektif darisumbernya kepada berbagai khalayak penggunanya. Hal ini melatarbelakangi pengintegrsian Bali Informasi Pertanianke dalam BPTP, yang juga menbawa konsekuensi masuknya penyuluh, yang merupakan staf fungsional utama di unitkerja eks BIP ke dalam sistem kerja BPTP. Setelah 10 tahun pengintegrasian BIP ke dalam BPTP, ternyatapeningkatan efisiensi dan efektivitas sistem alih inovasi pertanian belum seperti yang diharapkan. Penyebabnya antaralain kurang kondusifnya pelaksanaan tugas pokok dan fungsi penyuluh BPTP. Dengan demikian, perlu adanyaidentifikasi kendala yang dihadapi penyuluh BPTP dalam pelaksanaan tugas pokok dan fungsinya. Tujuan pengkajianini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi kendala yang dihadapi penyuluh BPTP dalam melaksanakan tugas pokok danfungsinya di BPTP. Hasil kajian mendapatkan bahwa potensi/kapasitas penyuluh BPTP merupakan produk atau luarandari kondisi kerja dan kebijakan yang ada, baik kebijakan internal Badan Penelitian dan PengembanganPertanian/BPTP maupun kebijakan instutusi pertanian terkait di luar Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian.334Jurnal Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian Vol. 8, No.3, Nopember 2005 : 333-351Penyuluh mempunyai persepsi setuju dengan hampir semua hipotesis yang merupakan kendala dalam pelaksanaantugas pokok dan fungsinya. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa penyuluh mempunyai persepsi bahwa potensi/kapasitasnya merupakan resultante dari kendala eksternal dan internal di lingkugan kerjanya, yaitu: (a) potensi/kapasitas penyuluh, (b) permasalahan struktural, (c) kinerja fungsional penyuluh, (d) fasilitas kerja dan dukunganadministrasi, dan (e) faktor-faktor eksternal di luar Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian/BPTP. Dengandemikian, upaya peningkatan kinerja penyuluh BPTP perlu didahului dengan implementasi kebijakan dan berbagaikegiatan yang diperlukan dan berkaitan dengan kelima kendala internal dan eksternal tersebut