Use of accelerated helium-3 ions for determining oxygen and carbon impurities in some pure materials

Methods are developed for the determination of O impurity in Be and Si carbide and concurrent determination of C and O impurities in Si and W by irradiation with accelerated He-3 ions and subsequent activity measurements of C-11 and F-18 formed from C and O with the aid of a gamma-gamma coincidence spectrometer. Techniques for determining O in Ge and Ga arsenide with radiochemical separation of F-18 are also described

Effect of intraosseous introduction of selenium/arabinogalactan nanoglycoconjugate on the main indicators of primary metabolism in consolidation of bone fracture

The research was carried out on 9 rabbits (males) of Chinchilla breed with modeling of standard perforating fracture of femoral bone. We performed intraosseous introduction of nanocomposite elemental selenium and heteropolysaccharide arabinogalactan 50 mg Se/kg to individuals of experimental group (n = 3) and NaCl 0,9 % to individuals of control group (n = 6). It was established that local intraosseous introduction of the nanocomposite with perforated fracture model did not affect basal metabolic indicators (body temperature, oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production), but boosted the metabolic processes in the area of the surgical wound from the 9th to 21st days. It proves the bioavailability of the drug and the possibility of creating a local depot of selenium using a nanocomposite

Identification and analysis of CRISPR/Cas systems structures in the genomes of antibiotic-resistant strains of <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>

Background. Klebsiella pneumoniae belongs to a group of opportunistic bacteria that can form multiple resistance to antibiotics and transmit it to various types of bacteria through horizontal gene transfer. These studies examine the structural and functional diversity of CRISPR/Cas systems that protect bacteria from foreign DNA. Their analysis using the example of antibiotic-resistant strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae will demonstrate their resistance to certain bacteriophages, which will make it possible to develop approaches to the treatment of complex infectious diseases caused by these microorganisms by creating targeted phage therapy.The aim. To perform a bioinformatics analysis of the identified structural components of CRISPR/Cas systems for screening bacteriophages through CRISPR cassette spacers using the example of antibiotic-resistant strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae.Materials and methods. The article analyzed 29 full-genome sequences of Klebsiella pneumoniae, in the genome of which the structures of CRISPR/Cas systems and  antibiotic resistance genes were determined (according to NCBI). To achieve this  goal, using software modeling methods, a search was made for Cas genes and CRISPR cassettes, and their structural and functional characteristics were given.Results. Using bioinformatic search algorithms in the genome of antibiotic-resistant strains, functionally active CRISPR/Cas systems with the presence of one or two CRISPR cassettes and belonging to Type  I Subtype  IE were identified. Groups of resistant strains with identical spacer composition of CRISPR cassettes have been identified. A phylogenetic analysis was carried out confirming their common origin. By analyzing the spacer sequences of CRISPR cassettes, the spectrum of diversity of phages of bacteria of the genus Klebsiella, Salmonella, belonging to the same family Enterobacteriaceae, was determined. Thus, information was obtained about the bacteriophages that are targeted by the action of CRISPR systems of Klebsiella pneumoniae strains that have antibiotic resistance.Conclusions. Analysis of the functional and structural features of the CRISPR/Cas systems of antibiotic resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strains made it possible to obtain information about their evolutionary history and about the bacteriophages against which their action is directed, that is, about their phage resistance. The approach used in this study may further serve as the basis for the creation of personalized phage therap

Кey trends in the financial services digital transformation in Russia and their influence on consumer experience: forecast of expertsm

Purpose: forecasting the key avenues for financial services digital transformation in Russia and its influence on customer experience based on expert surveys.Methods: a set of general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, as well as marketing research methods – desk and field research. The field research included qualitative method: in-depth interviews with financial market experts. The obtained data were analyzed using content analysis and summarized. Results: the authors provided analysis of secondary data on the main global and local digitalization trends in the financial services market and conducted analytical aggregation of expert opinions on the most likely future changes in the financial services market in the process of digitalization. Analysis of the obtained data enabled to describe three avenues for financial services digital transformation – means of payments digital transformation, payments infrastructure digital transformation and customer interaction models digital transformation. The authors also presented and described the positive and negative influence of the results of digital transformation on the consumer experience.Conclusions and Relevance: the results of this study emphasize the role of financial services digital transformation in the process of new consumer experience creation. The means of payments digital transformation will ensure the total dominance of digital money within the money circulation system positively affecting consumer experience in terms of growing convenience, speed and cost-cutting. Payment infrastructure digital transformation will positively influence on consumer experience by simplifying the customer identification systems and reducing errors. Customer interaction models digital transformation will enhance the level of seamlessness leading to the full integration of financial services in the day-to-day customer activities. The results of the study can be used to develop strategies enabling to achieve the highest level of competitiveness for the financial service providers in the market

Discrete structure of ultrathin dielectric films and their surface optical properties

The boundary problem of linear classical optics about the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with a thin dielectric film has been solved under explicit consideration of its discrete structure. The main attention has been paid to the investigation of the near-zone optical response of dielectrics. The laws of reflection and refraction for discrete structures in the case of a regular atomic distribution are studied and the structure of evanescent harmonics induced by an external plane wave near the surface is investigated in details. It is shown by means of analytical and numerical calculations that due to the existence of the evanescent harmonics the laws of reflection and refraction at the distances from the surface less than two interatomic distances are principally different from the Fresnel laws. From the practical point of view the results of this work might be useful for the near-field optical microscopy of ultrahigh resolution.Comment: 25 pages, 16 figures, LaTeX2.09, to be published in Phys.Rev.

ОЦЕНКА РИСКА ОТ АВАРИЙНЫХ ПРОИСШЕСТВИЙ

The authors argue the importance of analysis and forecasting of managerial decisions, based on a certain common quantitative estimation of traffic safety, for sustainable developments of transportation. The assessment of accident, ecological and economic risks which runs a train at its itinerary is deemed to be less complicated task. Moreover, the authors give an example of such an assessment for construction of a track section between Tommot and Yakutsk.Для устойчивого развития железнодорожного транспорта нужны анализ и прогноз управленческих решений на основе некоторой общей количественной оценки уровня безопасности движения. Задача более простая связана с аварийными и эколого-экономическими рисками при движении поездов по маршруту. Пример оценки на строительстве участка Томмот–Якутск

Культура обеспечения безопасности транспорта

Interrelationships within control and management mechanisms, including transport safety management, of the transport system are evaluated based on the function-oriented approach to its decomposition. Hierarchical system’s levels, strategic development objectives, societal, information, and environmental aspects are analyzed within safety context. Classification of threats to transport system and its subsystems (objects) is suggested. The authors place special emphasis on safety culture as on a social motivation pattern, designed to develop a proactive attitude to emerging threats and risks during transportation of passengers and cargo. They differentiate emotional, cognitive, and behavioural (conative) components of safety culture and suggest their brief description regarding transportation sector. The suggested framework of proactive culture makes it possible to model hierarchical systemic interconnection of its various components, providing for transport safety coupled with overall development of transport and transportation.В статье на основе функционально-ориентированного подхода к декомпозиции транспортной системы оцениваются взаимосвязи в её управляющих механизмах, включая и управление безопасностью транспорта. При этом анализируются иерархические системные уровни, стратегические цели развития, социетальные, информационные, экологические аспекты безопасности, даётся классификация угроз транспорту и его подсистемам (объектам). Особое место авторы отводят культуре безопасности как социальной установке, призванной формировать упреждающее отношение к возникающим угрозам и рискам при транспортировке пассажиров и грузов

Структура экологических требований к отраслевым объектам

[For the English abstract and full text of the article please see the attached PDF-File (English version follows Russian version)].ABSTRACT One of the key factors of rail transport’s sustainable development is constituted by e n v i ronmental requirements o f «green construction». They are designed to comply with Russian and international law, the principles of industrial strategy and long-term programs and should be defined by a set of categories that reflect current view on environmental standards, which in turn can be «served» by a separate group of criteria designed for it. The article offers a structure of environmental requirements for construction and operation of buildings and facilities of railways, which involves effective implementation of environment-focused construction technology, and provision of environmental sustainability. Keywords: environmental engineering, building, construction, rail transport, sustainable development, «green construction», resource conservation, environmental protection, structure of requirements.Одним из факторов устойчивого развития железнодорожного транспорта являются экологические требования «зелёного строительства». Они призваны соответствовать российскому и мировому законодательству, отвечать принципам отраслевой стратегии и долгосрочным программам, а определяться совокупностью категорий, отражающих современные представления об экологических стандартах, которую в свою очередь может «обслуживать» отдельная группа предназначенных ей критериев. В статье предложена структура экологических требований к возведению и эксплуатации зданий и сооружений железных дорог, которая предполагает эффективно внедрять экоориентированные технологии строительства, а также обеспечивать сохранность окружающей среды

Условия опрокидывания порожних контейнеров под воздействием ветровых нагрузок

The article reveals the problems of traffic safety violations resulting from the overturning of empty containers on winddependent sections of railways.The paper refers to examples of several traffic accidents caused by detachment of containers of various types from specialized flat wagons under the influence of a squally wind of various speed. The increase in the number of such traffic accidents urges development of a procedure for safe transit of freight trains, transporting empty containers, if a dangerous weather event may be forecasted along their route.The objective of this study is to develop an engineering method for determining the conditions leading to overturning of empty containers from specialized railway wagons under the wind load.Based on the methods of theoretical mechanics, using the moment of force equation as applied to the container relative to the axis of its rotation, the authors found the conditions that cause container overturning under the influence of wind load.An expression was obtained that allows one to determine the minimum wind speed, which leads to the overturning of an empty container. The article presents the calculation of wind speed leading to the overturning of empty containers of various types for straight and curved sections of the railway track, considering the maximum superelevation (cant) of the outer rail. The obtained results are confirmed by the mathematical modelling of stability of fastening of empty containers by LLC Hexa requested by PJSC Transcontainer.Based on the cartographic information, the main winddependent regions of the Russian Federation were identified where transport accidents caused by overturning of empty containers might occur.The results of the study can contribute to development of universal technical solutions for different world regions to ensure stability of an empty container when exposed to wind loads.Статья раскрывает проблемы нарушения безопасности движения, возникающие в результате опрокидывания порожних контейнеров на ветрозависимых участках железных дорог.В данной работе в качестве примера приведён ряд транспортных происшествий в  различных регионах мира, вызванных срывом контейнеров различных типов со специализированных вагоновплатформ под воздействием шквалистого ветра различной скорости. Рост числа подобных транспортных происшествий делает актуальной необходимость разработки порядка организации безопасного пропуска грузовых поездов, в составе которых перевозятся порожние контейнеры, при прогнозировании опасного явления погоды по маршруту их следования.Целью настоящего исследования является разработка инженерного метода определения условий опрокидывания от ветровой нагрузки порожних контейнеров со специализированных железнодорожных платформ. На основе методов теоретической механики, с использованием уравнения моментов сил, приложенных к контейнеру, относительно к оси его вращения, авторами найдены условия опрокидывания контейнера от воздействия ветровой нагрузки.Было получено выражение, позволяющее определить минимальную скорость ветра, которая приводит к опрокидыванию порожнего контейнера. В статье приведены расчёты скорости ветра, приводящей к опрокидыванию порожних контейнеров различных типов для прямых и для кривых участков пути железных дорог с учётом максимального превышения наружного рельса.Полученные результаты подтверждаются данными математического моделирования устойчивости крепления порожних контейнеров, проведённого компанией ООО «Хекса» по заказу ПАО «Трансконтейнер».На основании картографической информации были выявлены основные ветрозависимые районы Российской Федерации, где могут произойти транспортные происшествия с опрокидыванием порожних контейнеров.Результаты исследования могут способствовать разработке универсальных для различных регионов мира технических решений, позволяющих обеспечить устойчивость порожнего контейнера при воздействии ветровых нагрузок