327 research outputs found

    Two curve Chebyshev approximation and its application to signal clustering

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    In this paper we extend a number of important results of the classical Chebyshev approximation theory to the case of simultaneous approximation of two or more functions. The need for this extension is application driven, since such kind of problems appears in the area of curve (signal) clustering. In this paper we propose a new efficient algorithm for signal clustering and develop a procedure that allows one to reuse the results obtained at the previous iteration without recomputing the cluster centres from scratch. This approach is based on the extension of the classical de la Vallee-Poussin's procedure originally developed for polynomial approximation. In this paper, we also develop necessary and sufficient optimality conditions for two curve Chebyshev approximation, that is our core tool for curve clustering. These results are based on application of nonsmooth convex analysis

    Factorization of generalized Ξ³-generating matrices

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    The class of γ–generating matrices and its subclasses of regular and singular γ–generating matrices were introduced by D. Z. Arov in [8], where it was shown that every Ξ³-generating matrix admits an essentially unique regular–singular factorization. The class of generalized Ξ³-generating matrices was introduced in [14,20]. In the present paper subclasses of singular and regular generalized Ξ³-a theorem of existence of regular–singular factorization for rational generalized Ξ³-generating matrix is found

    Insurance of the Termination Risk of Projects with Joint Companion Activity

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    Actuarial calculations are based on the study of mathematical models of financial schemes in insurance taking into account the stochastic nature of insurable events. They lie at the intersection of mathematical and economic disciplines. This paper is devoted to the formulation and investigation of the mathematical model of insurance of a joint project of partners from the risk of its early termination due to the retirement of one of the companions due to external circumstances. In case of an insured event, the partner remaining in the project receives insurance to continue the project. In order to assess the obligations of the insurance company, an economic-mathematical model of personal joint insurance of participants has been constructed to calculate the necessary characteristics of such an agreement. To describe the dynamically changing threats to terminate the insurance contract, the concepts of the intensity of retirement functions of insured persons are introduced, which are convenient in the study of insurance contracts with several participants. Possibilities of payment of insurance compensation to each partner are received and probability of that the insurance company should pay insurance compensation are received. Calculations are made using the example of specific functions of the intensity of retirement of partners. Practical recommendations are given related to the use of numerical methods or simulation methods in calculations based on the obtained universal formulas

    THE SEVENTH SEAL: THE HISTORY OF VISIBLE AND INVISIBLE CONFESSION OF FAITH

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    The article is devoted to the meaning and role of cinematography in modern culture. The screen image of one or another concept or meaning can influence the formation of historical and religious-philosophical ideas of society. Ingmar Bergman’s film The Seventh Seal tells the story of the historical events of medieval Europe. The phenomena and facts that are shown in the film do not always correspond to the historical past. The director’s task was different: to answer the questions that the representatives of the post-war generation were contemplating on, using the basis of historical materials. The visual imagery of The Seventh Seal became the basis for the cultural analysis in this article. The purpose of the analysis was to identify the main idea of the film, as well as to reveal its symbolism. The author turns to the theoretical legacy of Sergei Eisenstein, to his theory of intellectual cinema, built on the basis of a simulative way of perception. This method makes it possible to perceive the whole picture in one time space, where the problems of the past and the present have something in common. Thus we get one of the main methods for revealing the meanings of the film images presented in The Seventh Seal and we can understand what the author wanted to say in his film. Berman’s film is a complex multi-level work in which there is a visible layer related to the film’s storyline, and invisible layers related to the religious and philosophical views of the director himself. The first level is to show the history of Europe as the director sees it, namely, through negative stereotypes of the so-called β€œdark and sinister Middle Ages” (superstitions, negative image of the Roman Catholic Church, witches’ trials). Against the background of these historical events, the main character of the film is looking for an answer to his questions about the existence of God, and therefore the meaning of life. His duel – a game of chess with another character of the film, Death, must solve these questions: the life of a knight will depend on the outcome of the game. The second level is Bergman’s presentation of the Lutheran denomination with critical attitude to Church Tradition, which is quite characteristic of him. Embodying the teachings of Luther about the β€œvisible” and β€œinvisible” side of the church, the family of itinerant actors in the film personifies the image of the living invisible church; unlike the visible Roman Catholic church, it presents a pure and bright image of true Christianity. The third level of the film should be correlated with the post-war modernity, in which Ingmar Bergman lived. Here one can see the influence of Martin Heidegger’s ideas on the work of the director of The Seventh Seal. β€˜Dasein’ is one of the key concepts of Heidegger’s philosophy that is relevant to this film. This concept means the existence of a person, which is determined through the experience of their mortality, not in some future tense, but here and now. That is why the theme of death becomes a key one, it determines the meaning of a person’s life, and it also relates to the title of the film. The Seventh Seal is an image of the Apocalypse, and this image is related not only to the end of the world, but also to the end of the life of a single person, when the outcome of his life becomes clear.Π’ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ говорится ΠΎ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ киноискусства Π² соврСмСнной ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π΅. Π­ΠΊΡ€Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π· Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ понятия ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ смысла ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ влияниС Π½Π° Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ историчСских ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎ-философских прСдставлСний общСства. Ѐильм Π˜Π½Π³ΠΌΠ°Ρ€Π° Π‘Π΅Ρ€Π³ΠΌΠ°Π½Π° «БСдьмая ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΒ» Π²Π΅Π΄Ρ‘Ρ‚ повСствованиС ΠΎΠ± историчСских событиях срСднСвСковой Π•Π²Ρ€ΠΎΠΏΡ‹. ЯвлСния ΠΈ Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚Ρ‹, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Π² Ρ„ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠΌΠ΅, Π½Π΅ всСгда ΡΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ историчСскому ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡˆΠ»ΠΎΠΌΡƒ. Π—Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‡Π° рСТиссёра Π±Ρ‹Π»Π° Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠΉ: Π½Π° основС историчСского ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»Π° ΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π½Π° Ρ‚Π΅ вопросы, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ Π²ΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ прСдставитСлСй послСвоСнного поколСния. Π’ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ ряд «БСдьмой ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΒ» стал основой для ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° Π² Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅. ЦСлью Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ выявлСниС основной ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΈ Ρ„ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠΌΠ°, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ раскрытиС Π΅Π³ΠΎ символики. Автор обращаСтся ΠΊ тСорСтичСскому наслСдию БСргСя Π­ΠΉΠ·Π΅Π½ΡˆΡ‚Π΅ΠΉΠ½Π°, ΠΊ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎ, построСнной Π½Π° основС ΡΠΈΠΌΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ способа восприятия. Π­Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‚ способ Π΄Π°Ρ‘Ρ‚ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΊΠ°Ρ€Ρ‚ΠΈΠ½Ρƒ Ρ†Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π² ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ пространствС, Π³Π΄Π΅ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ‹ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡˆΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ настоящСго. Π’Π°ΠΊ ΠΌΡ‹ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π°Π΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ ΠΈΠ· основных ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² для раскрытия смыслов прСдставлСнных Π² «БСдьмой ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΒ» ΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΡ‚ΡŒ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Ρ…ΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π» ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ Π² своём Ρ„ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠΌΠ΅. Ѐильм Π‘Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΠ°Π½Π° – это слоТноС ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΌ сущСствуСт Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡ‹ΠΉ слой, относящийся ΠΊ ΡΡŽΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ„ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠΌΠ°, ΠΈ Π½Π΅Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡ‹Π΅ слои, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊ Ρ€Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠΎΠ·Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΈ философским взглядам самого рСТиссёра. ΠŸΠ΅Ρ€Π²Ρ‹ΠΉ ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΡŒ – это ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π· истории Π•Π²Ρ€ΠΎΠΏΡ‹, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ½Π° видится рСТиссёру, Π° ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ – Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π· Π½Π΅Π³Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Π΅ стСрСотипы Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ Π½Π°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Β«ΠΌΡ€Π°Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ Ρ‚Ρ‘ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π‘Ρ€Π΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π²Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡŒΡΒ» (суСвСрия, Π½Π΅Π³Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π· Римско-ΠšΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Ρ†Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠ²ΠΈ, процСссы вСдьм). На Ρ„ΠΎΠ½Π΅ этих историчСских событий Π³Π»Π°Π²Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ Π³Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠΉ Ρ„ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠΌΠ° ΠΈΡ‰Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚ Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ»Π½ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ Π΅Π³ΠΎ вопросы ΠΎ сущСствовании Π‘ΠΎΠ³Π°, Π° Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚, ΠΈ смысла ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ. Π•Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΊ – ΠΈΠ³Ρ€Π° Π² ΡˆΠ°Ρ…ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ‹ с Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΠΌ Π³Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ΅ΠΌ Ρ„ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠΌΠ°, Π‘ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Ρ‚ΡŒΡŽ, Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ΅Π½ Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ эти вопросы: ΠΎΡ‚ исхода ΠΈΠ³Ρ€Ρ‹ Π±ΡƒΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Ρ‚ΡŒ Тизнь рыцаря. Π’Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΉ ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΡŒ – это прСзСнтация Π‘Π΅Ρ€Π³ΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π»ΡŽΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ вСроисповСдания с Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ для Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ критичСским ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊ Ρ†Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌΡƒ ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡŽ. Воплощая ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π›ΡŽΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π° ΠΎ Β«Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΉΒ» ΠΈ Β«Π½Π΅Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΉΒ» сторонС Ρ†Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠ²ΠΈ, сСмья ΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°Π½ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π°ΠΊΡ‚Ρ‘Ρ€ΠΎΠ² Π² Ρ„ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠΌΠ΅ олицСтворяСт ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π· ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Ρ†Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠ²ΠΈ Π½Π΅Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΉ, ΠΎΠ½Π°, Π² ΠΎΡ‚Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡ‚ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΉ Римско-ΠšΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ, являСт чистый ΠΈ свСтлый ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π· настоящСго христианства. Π’Ρ€Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠΉ ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΡŒ Ρ„ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠΌΠ° слСдуСт соотнСсти с послСвоСнной ΡΠΎΠ²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΠ» И. Π‘Π΅Ρ€Π³ΠΌΠ°Π½. Π—Π΄Π΅ΡΡŒ прослСТиваСтся влияниС ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΉ ΠœΠ°Ρ€Ρ‚ΠΈΠ½Π° Π₯Π°ΠΉΠ΄Π΅Π³Π³Π΅Ρ€Π° Π½Π° творчСство рСТиссёра «БСдьмой ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΒ». Β«DaseinΒ» – ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π²Ρ‹Ρ… понятий философии Π₯Π°ΠΉΠ΄Π΅Π³Π³Π΅Ρ€Π°, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡŽΡ‰Π΅Π΅ ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌΡƒ Ρ„ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠΌΡƒ. Π­Ρ‚ΠΎ понятиС ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π΅Ρ‚ сущСствованиС Ρ‡Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ опрСдСляСтся Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π· ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ своСй смСртности Π½Π΅ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΌ-Ρ‚ΠΎ Π±ΡƒΠ΄ΡƒΡ‰Π΅ΠΌ Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ, Π° здСсь ΠΈ сСйчас. ИмСнно поэтому Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠ° смСрти становится ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ, ΠΎΠ½Π° опрСдСляСт смысл ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ Ρ‡Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°, ΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ названию Ρ„ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠΌΠ°. «БСдьмая ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΒ» – это ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π· Апокалипсиса, ΠΈ этот ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π· ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ ΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Ρƒ свСта, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Ρƒ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ ΠΎΡ‚Π΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ взятого Ρ‡Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° подводится ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠ³ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ
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