Bias Gender Dalam Pekerjaan Rumah Tangga Domestik Dan Buruh Migran

Studies in a few cities/districts in east Java concerning work activities of household workers (PRT/Pembantu Rumah Tangga) domestic and abroad, demonstrate that work division according to gender has undergone some changes. The domestic/public and productive/reproductive space division, are no longer applied on women and men in terms of livelihood. in a household environment, household activities no longer have a reproductive connotation, but also productive. Furthermore, at the moment household activities have entered a commercial sector, demonstrated by the phenomenon of female household workers abroad. However, there is still gender bias and double standards in valuing that kind of work. Also, women in urban industrial sector who work as migrant worker abroad, has great impacts on the structure and gender relations of the women's household. The economic role of women has positive impacts on the allocation of household power, yet it does not affect the power allocation in the society. This study recommends the need to arrange a social safety model for household workers, both domestic and abroad, and also the need to formulate a concept of domestic and public works with a household basis congruous to the role and actual function of women

Strengthening Adolescent Reproductive Health as a Strategy to Diminish Maternal Mortality: A Case Study in Malang

The aims of this study are: (1) describing adolescent knowledge and understanding of reproductive health, (2) describing gender issues related to adolescent reproductive health, (3) describing delayed medical assistance due to socio-cultural aspects resulting in the death of the mother, and (4) strengthening adolescent awareness of reproductive health as a strategy to decrease maternal mortality. Based on a qualitative approach with a case study design, the research was conducted at Malang Regency using the snowball method, and a survey on adolescent understanding of reproduction was conducted in Singosari and Pujon. Results demonstrated that adolescent knowledge of reproductive health is relatively low. As a result, adolescents\u27 lack of understanding of reproductive health leads to unwanted pregnancies, and therefore, young women and their families are ashamed and receive social sanctions from the community. Another result revealed that the maternal mortality rate is high due to socio-economic and cultural conditions. People delay seeking medical assistance because they are experiencing poor economic conditions. Thus, they choose the help of child shamans rather than the help of doctors, midwives, or public health centers. Regarding this matter, reproductive education for young teenagers is pivotal as a preventive measure to reduce maternal mortality. Moreover, the schools may assist in this effort by including gender and reproductive education in physical education, health and sports, and biology courses

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Gender Mainstreaming Implementation in 2020 in Batu City, East Java

The study aims to identify the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on gender mainstreaming (PUG) imple­mentation in Batu City and how the local government res­ponds to it. Focus Group discussion (FDG) with local government is run to obtain data. By using seven elements commonly used to evaluate PUG implementation, this study shows that the COVID-19 pandemic has remarkably impacted PUG implementation. No specific policies have yet been made within the PUG framework. PUG institutions are also not involved in the COVID-19 task force. There have been efforts to respond to pandemics’ impact in some sectors but not all in PUG. Human resources have not been explicitly prepared in dealing with women’s problems during the COVID-19 pandemic. The budget is reallocated so that even routine activities cannot be fully carried out. Community partici­pation is also helpful in tackling the pandemic, although it has not specifically responded to the impact on PUG. The study shows the importance of integrating a disas­ter perspective in the monitoring and evaluation of PUG. It demonstrates the importance of integrating a disaster per­spective in PUG and crucial gender-disaggregated data related to disaster impacts

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Gender Mainstreaming Implementation in 2020 in Batu City, East Java

The COVID-19 pandemic during 2020 has impacted health aspects, social life, economics, and politics. Large-scale social restriction policies and health protocols have been applied in almost all regions in East Java. This study aims to identify the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on gender mainstreaming implementation in Batu City and how the local government responds to it. Focus Group discussion (FDG) with the local government was run to obtain data. By using seven elements commonly used to evaluate gender mainstreaming implementation, this study shows that the COVID-19 pandemic has remarkably impacted gender mainstreaming implemen­tation. No specific policies have yet been made within the gender main­streaming framework. PUG institutions are also not involved in the COVID-19 task force. There have been efforts to respond to the impact in some sectors but not all in gender mainstreaming. Human resources have not been explicitly prepared in dealing with women’s problems during the COVID-19 pandemic. The budget is reallocated so that even routine activities cannot be fully carried out. Community participation is also helpful in tackling the pandemic, although it has not specifically responded to the impacts. This study implies the importance of integrating a disaster perspective in monitoring and evaluating gender mainstreaming

Spirit dan Energi Sosial Perempuan Madura, dalam Konteks Perubahan Sosial

This research aims to: 1) identify and analyze spirit of Madurese women to do the productive and domestic work; 2) analyze dominant and intrinsic behavior of Madurese woman in household economy; 3) analyze the perception of Madurese women to social change, economy and traditional institute.Qualitative approach were conducted as research method and population of study was Madurese women, both, who live in Madura Island and outside Madura Island (migrant). Research location selected purposely in Pamekasan, City of Malang and Southside of Malang Residence. Case study method was used exhaustively combined with historical approach and census document and also with focus group discussion with Madurese women. Informants was selected to depict various characteristics and was traced by snowball system. Data intake was conducted with 1) Structured Interview; 2) Observation; 3) group interview; d) understanding symbolic value and myth. The data analyzed by descriptive qualitative method.The research conclusion showed that spirit of Madurese woman from various coat as an inhabitant or a migrant show the high spirit which supported by accomplished working ethos. This ethos was resulted by requirement of religious service, independence and obligation. The Migration of Madurese women was influenced by coush to prove their life quality. Potential local institution is assisting the women work in marionette pesantren, tanean lanjeng, and agriculture institution and commerce. Spirit of Madurese woman the eager beaver is pushed by social energy of migrating behavior and powered by the will to increase to increasing the family life quality. This research needs to be continuied to find comprehensive local knowledge of the women executed by circumstantial study and focused discussion on working activity and local adaptation ethic

Empowering Farmers in Conserving Soil and Water in the Sampeyan Watershed, Situbondo, East Java, Indonesia

Empowering farmers in managing the watershed Sampean Situbondo for soil and water conservation is urgently needed. This is intended to know the efforts of empowering farmers in managing the interrelationships between the human capital, physical capital, social capital, and farmers’ perceptions and the government's role in the process of empowerment of farmers, as well as their relation to the empowerment of farmers. It is expected that we get the economic benefits and environmental services for the development and preservation of ecosystems in the watershed Sampean Situbondo. This study deploves two methods, namely the Structural Equation Model (SEM) to test the accuracy of the hypothetical models that have been developed empirically through the theoretical justification and the relationship between the variables built into the model and SWOT analysis for the direct and indirect policy implications to be done in empowering farmers to conserve soil and water in the watershed Sampean Situbondo. The results show that: 1) the human capital significantly influences the empowerment process, 2) the role of government significant affects the process of empowerment, 3) farmers' perceptions significantly influence the empowerment process, 4) the empowerment process significantly influences the empowerment of farmers, 5) the results of the SWOT analysis suggest that the factors supporting (dry land availability for agriculture is so vast and labors in agriculture are abundant), inhibiting factors (lack of human capital, physical capital, social capital, farmers' perceptions, the role of government, the process of empowerment, and empowerment of farmers), opportunity factors (increasing the empowerment of farmers through better institutional collaboration and consolidation of government agencies, non-higher education, and financial institutions) and threat factors (developing dryland, farmer empowerment through soil and water conservation, and the limitations of the technology). Key Words: Farmer Empowerment, Soil and Water Conservatio

Kajian Struktur Sosial Masyarakat Nelayan di Ekosistem Pesisir

Research aim is to analyse any social changes and dynamic of space capacity and critical point of social structure in coastal ecosystem. The main factor of structural change is external factor of structural formation (individu , system), or increase of community access to the change of local social environment, and external social environment. Dynamics of space capacity of social structure in coastal ecosystem of Karanggongso during periode of research can be explained through the two indicators, objective and subjective. There are a general critical point and a special critical point. This results explain that a evolution theory suggest a high possibility to be synthesized with any other theories, e.g. a conflict theory, an equilibrium theory, and a “timbul-tenggelam” theory. The synthesis process is an operational stage in a schematic mapping of theories by Appelbaum. Dynamics of social structure must be known bt any goverment and NGO, which have any development plans in the fisherman community

Potential Social Capital of Bricks Maker Community and Lapindo Mud Affected Regions

Social capital can be asummed as a resource that arise from interactions within the community. Both among individuals and institutions that provide an emotional bond of trust, integrity, groups and social networks, the values ??and norms that shape the community structure. It is useful for coordination and cooperation in achieving their common goal. Importance of the cultural dimension on social capital, will greatly assist acceleration and optimization of brick maker community, especially as a determinant quality and utilization of the growing role of civil society organizations. The hope of high social capital, would make people more aware to environmental sustainability by seeking alternative raw materials of bricks by using Lapindo mud. The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of the potential social capital in the community of brick makers and the affected area of Lapindo mud. This study uses quantitative descriptive analysis. The potential of social capital in community brick makers (Mojotamping Village) is generally quite strong. Cognitive aspects of social capital have direct effect on the performance. It also has an influence on the structural aspects through integration and norms. Keywords: Social Capital, Norm, Trust, Solidarity, Integration, Network, Group

STRATEGI SOSIAL, EKONOMI, DAN BUDAYA PEKERJA PURNA MIGRAN ERA PANDEMI COVID-19

Abstrak: Masyarakat di era COVID-19 mengalami perubahan, tak terkecuali purna migran. Perubahan terjadi yang disebabkan oleh pandemi mengakibatkan purna migran membuat dan melaksanakan strategi dalam bidang sosial, ekonomi, dan budaya untuk mempertahankan hidup. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menjelaskan bagaimana strategi sosial, budaya, dan ekonomi purna migran  dalam masyarakat pada era pandemi. Teori Tindakan Sosial, Teori Masyarakat Risiko, dan Teori Modal Sosial digunakan sebagai alat untuk memperkuat analisis. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus  terhadap strategi sosial, budaya, dan ekonomi pekerja purna migran dalam  masyarakat masa pandemi kemudian dengan melakukan wawancara mendalam kepada empat informan purna pekerja migran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan saat awal menjadi purna migran mereka mengalami risiko akibat pandemi (diberhentikan, dipulangkan, dan tidak dibayar). Untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidup, mereka membuat strategi     dalam bidang sosial, budaya, dan ekonomi merupakan pilihan yang tepat dan modal yang dimiliki purna migran dapat dikembangkan, baik sosial, budaya, dan  ekonomi. Temuan menarik dalam penelitian ini adalah setelah menjadi purna migran yang sudah menerapkan strategi mereka tetap mengalami risiko dalam bidang tersebut sesuai dengan teori masyarakat risiko. Kata Kunci : Strategi Sosial; Strategi Ekonomi; Strategi Budaya; Purna Pekerja Migran.   Abstract: Society in the COVID-19 era has changed, including post-migrants. The changes that have occurred due to the pandemic have resulted in returning migrants to create and implement strategies in the social, economic, and cultural fields to sustain life. The purpose of this study is to explain how the social, cultural, and economic strategies of post-migrants in society during the pandemic era. Social Action Theory, Community Risk Theory, and Social Capital Theory are used as tools to strengthen the analysis. The method used is qualitative with a case study approach to the social, cultural, and economic strategies of returning migrant workers  in  a  community  during  the  pandemic  and  then  conducting  in-depth interviews with four informants of returning migrant workers. The results showed that when they first became retired migrants, they were at risk due to the pandemic (dismissed, repatriated, and unpaid). To meet the needs of life, they make a strategy in the social, cultural, and economic fields which is the right choice and the capital owned by post-migrants can be developed, both socially, culturally, and economically. An interesting finding in this study is that after returning migrants who have implemented the strategy, they still experience risks in this field according to the risk society theory. Keywords: Social Strategy, Economic Strategy, Cultural Strategy, Retired Migrant Workers

Public Participation Level in Spatial Planning of Southern Cross Road Area, Malang

The purpose of this study was to measure the level of public participation in spatial planning of Southern Cross Road (SCR) Area Malang, East Java which is expected to obtain a conclusion that could be used as a government consideration in improving public participation in future spatial planning of SCR Area. This research is using mixed methods approach (quantitative and qualitative). Primary data obtained from questionnaires of the respondents in the SCR area and secondary data obtained from the agencies or institutions associated with this study, also from government offices at the study site. The results show that the participation of society in the spatial planning of SCR Area Malang is still in placation level and tokenism as the power level. Settled strategy puts less people in public affairs or government agencies which generally are still held by major elite power. Thus, people can easily defeated in elections or cheated. In other words, they allow the public to provide suggestions or additional plans, but the right still owned by authorities to determine the legitimacy or feasibility of these suggestions. There are two levels where the community is settled, i.e. (1) the quality of technical assistance that they have in discussing their priorities; (2) supplementary where communities is set to suppress the priority. Keywords: ladder of participation, Placation, Southern Cross Road, Tokenis