Simple Benchmark Specifications for Space Radiation Protection

This report defines space radiation benchmark specifications. This specification starts with simple, monoenergetic, mono-directional particles on slabs and progresses to human models in spacecraft. This report specifies the models and sources needed to what the team performing the benchmark needs to produce in a report. Also included are brief descriptions of how OLTARIS, the NASA Langley website for space radiation analysis, performs its analysis

Primary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of the lung in an adolescent girl with unusual presentation

Primary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (LELC) of lung is a rare tumour of lung mostly reported from south-east Asia. It occurs in middle aged persons of either sex and presents with the complaint of cough and haemoptysis.  We report a case of primary LELC of lung in a young girl with unusual presentation

Molecular basis of hereditary factor VII deficiency in India: five novel mutations including a double missense mutation (Ala191Glu; Trp364Cys) in 11 unrelated patients

We have studied the molecular basis of factor (F) VII deficiency in 11 unrelated Indian patients. Mutations were identified in all 11 and included 5 missense, 2 nonsense and a frame shift mutation. Five of these were novel. These mutations were considered to be causative of disease because of their nature, evolutionary conservation and molecular modeling. This is the first report of mutations in patients with FVII deficiency from southern India

Benchmark Analysis of Pion Contribution from Galactic Cosmic Rays

Shielding strategies for extended stays in space must include a comprehensive resolution of the secondary radiation environment inside the spacecraft induced by the primary, external radiation. The distribution of absorbed dose and dose equivalent is a function of the type, energy and population of these secondary products. A systematic verification and validation effort is underway for HZETRN, which is a space radiation transport code currently used by NASA. It performs neutron, proton and heavy ion transport explicitly, but it does not take into account the production and transport of mesons, photons and leptons. The question naturally arises as to what is the contribution of these particles to space radiation. The pion has a production kinetic energy threshold of about 280 MeV. The Galactic cosmic ray (GCR) spectra, coincidentally, reaches flux maxima in the hundreds of MeV range, corresponding to the pion production threshold. We present results from the Monte Carlo code MCNPX, showing the effect of lepton and meson physics when produced and transported explicitly in a GCR environment

Comparison of Radiation Transport Codes, HZETRN, HETC and FLUKA, Using the 1956 Webber SPE Spectrum

Protection of astronauts and instrumentation from galactic cosmic rays (GCR) and solar particle events (SPE) in the harsh environment of space is of prime importance in the design of personal shielding, spacec raft, and mission planning. Early entry of radiation constraints into the design process enables optimal shielding strategies, but demands efficient and accurate tools that can be used by design engineers in every phase of an evolving space project. The radiation transport code , HZETRN, is an efficient tool for analyzing the shielding effectiveness of materials exposed to space radiation. In this paper, HZETRN is compared to the Monte Carlo codes HETC-HEDS and FLUKA, for a shield/target configuration comprised of a 20 g/sq cm Aluminum slab in front of a 30 g/cm^2 slab of water exposed to the February 1956 SPE, as mode led by the Webber spectrum. Neutron and proton fluence spectra, as well as dose and dose equivalent values, are compared at various depths in the water target. This study shows that there are many regions where HZETRN agrees with both HETC-HEDS and FLUKA for this shield/target configuration and the SPE environment. However, there are also regions where there are appreciable differences between the three computer c odes

Setting Limits for Corkscrew Weave Structure

19-27<span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:" calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:="" "times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-theme-font:="" minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"times="" roman";mso-ansi-language:en-us;="" mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"="">A method of arriving at the square setting of woven fabrics is reported. An attempt has been made to relate cloth setting limits with the rate of production (the rate of production decreases as weft density in the fabric increases) as controlled in the case of negative let-off motion during weaving. Taking the existing cloth setting theory to be applicable in mill practice, a criterion for comparing setts is evolved and a possible practical relationship for obtaining the maximum practical loom sett in the case of corkscrew woven fabrics is deduced. Samples have been woven using 72S, 80S and 88S reeds, in each case running a series of different weft setts, reaching up to the maximum possible sett. Three weft cotton counts, 2/20S, 2/40S and 2/60S, with 2/40S warp count (polyester-viscose blend for each, 48:52) were used. Weft corkscrews (2/2,4/4,3/4,4/5 and 5/6) and warp corkscrews (4/3, 5/4 and 6/5) were woven. In each case, the cloth fell distance was measured on the loom during weaving. In all the cases, limits for maximum setts have been determined and the values compared with those obtained by Law [Wool Rec Text Wid, 21 (1922) 968] and Brierley [Text Mfr, 57 (1931) 3; 50(1932) 178,342; 78(1952) 349, 431, 437, 449,595; 79(1953) 71, 189, 283].</span

A Novel Scheme for the Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease through MRI Analysis

Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most common dementia type disease after the age of 65. This leads to cognitive disability to the person being affected. The existing methods are not able to definitely diagnose the disease at an earlier stage. Also, if we can diagnose the disease earlier, treatments can be given at a proper time. Accordingly, an innovative technique should be developed with good accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity. In this scenario, the Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) can be utilized. In this research work,  a method has been proposed using Discrete Wavelet Networks (DWNs). This method gives better results in case of MRI images