Application of Organic Amendment and Trichoderma SP. to Control Basal Sclerotium Rolfsii on Peanut Grown on Partially Degraded Land

An experiment involving the application of organic matters, either fresh or composted, application of bioagent Trichoderma sp. was conducted to suppress basal stem rot caused by S. rolfsii on peanut. The research was conducted at dry land in Amor-Amor North Lombok District with the pump water well system. The experiments were arranged as split plot design with the main plot was pathogen inoculation and non pathogen inoculation. As sub-plot were the addition of organic matters and or addition of bioagent Trichoderma sp. plus two control treatments. Pathogen S. rolfsii applied as fragment mycelia of 1 x 10 6 fragment/ mL with the number of 10 L/plot. Inoculation of the pathogen was conducted when seedlings were about one month old. The bioagent Trichoderma sp. was applied 50 g/plot as powder in the same time of organic matters application (before planting the seeds). The results showed that application of composted organic matters reduced disease incidence 6-10%, while application as fresh organic matters reduced 1-6%. Combination between application of bioagent Trichoderma sp. with fresh and or composted organic matters suppressed disease incidence 8-10% and 8-12% respectively. Application of bioagent alone on planting medium reduced disease incidence 7.5%. Application of composted organic matters with bioagent Trichoderma sp. increased the number of fresh plant biomass 4.93-11.78 kg

Pengelolaan Tanaman Penutup Tanah untuk Meningkatkan Produksi Jagung Manis di Lahan Kering Vertisol Lombok

One of the obstacles in increasing maize production in Indonesia is the low efficiency of fertilizer use by plants as a result of low levels of organic matter in the soil. Although it only occupies a portion of approximately 2-10%, the role played by organic matter in the soil is very large, both in physical, chemical and biological aspects. One of the practical and efficient alternatives to increase organic matter in the soil is through the management of cover crops (TPT). In this study, individually or after being combined into one, three types of TPT were stocked before the harvest of the predecessor plant (rice). As a comparison, plots without TPT were also provided. Rice litter together with TPT biomass from each TPT treatment was returned to the soil after rice was harvested in a separate plot pattern. In each TPT treatment plot, fertilization treatments were made with a dose of 0 kg/ha NPK, 100 kg/ha NPK, 200 kg/ha NPK and 300 kg/ha NPK. The experimental results showed that TPT biomass had a positive impact on increasing the growth and yield of sweet corn on vertisol soils. Provision of cover crops in the form of a mixture of cowpea, mung bean and krotalaria tended to have a better effect than individual administration. From the results of this experiment, it is also known that the provision of precursor plant biomass combined with TPT biomass can reduce the use of chemical fertilizers by 50-60% of the maximum plant requirement

Respon Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Wortel (Daucus Carota L.) di Dataran Rendah pada Berbagai Volume Media dan Dosis Ampas Padat Biogas

This study aimed to determine the growth responses and yield of carrot (Daucus carota L.) grown at the lowland at various rates of biogas solid waste and media volumes. The experiment was carried out at Mataram University experimental field in Narmada, West Lombok, NTB with an altitude of 136 m above sea level, from April to July 2019. The experiment was designed according a factorialy Randomized Completed Block Design (RCBD). The first factor consisted of 4 volumes of the media which i.e: 2000 cm3/20 x 20 cm, 4000 cm3/25 x 25 cm, 5000 cm3/30 x 25 cm and 7000 cm3/30 x 30 cm. The second factor consisted of 3 levels of biogas solid waste (bio-slurry) with i.e: 10 tons/ha, 15 tons/ha, and 20 tons/ha. These two factors were combined resulted in 12 treatment combinations. Each treatment was repeated so there was 36 experimental units each with replicate. The results showed that the rates of bio-slurry affected the rate of increase in carrot leaf length and did not significantly affect the other parameters or yield of carrot plants in the lowlands. Rates of 10 tons/ha and 20 tons/ha produced a higher leaf length than 15 tons / ha. The media volumes influenced the rate of increase in leaf length, rate of increase in the number of leaves, plant fresh weight, dry tap root weight and tap root length. The media volume of 5000 cm3 and 7000 cm3 resulted higher growth and yield of carrot plants in the lowlands rates of the media volume of 2000 cm3 and 4000 cm3. There was no interaction between the bio-slurry rates and the media volumes in influencing the growth and yield of carrot plants in the lowlan

Growth and sporulation of Stemphylium vesicarium, tha causal agent of brown spot of pear, on herb plants of orchard lawns

The inoculum sources of ascospores of Pleospora allii and of conidia of its anamorph Stemphylium vesicarium were investigated in relation to the brown spot disease epidemiology on pear. Dead and living leaves of three pear varieties (Abate Fetel, Conference and William), seven grasses (Poa pratensis, Festuca rubra, Festuca ovina, Lolium perenne, Digitaria sanguinalis and Setaria glauca) and Trifolium repens, which are used in pear orchard lawns, were inoculated with conidia of Stemphylium vesicarium virulent on pear and incubated under controlled-environment. Stemphylium vesicarium was always re-isolated from dead leaves of the considered plants, but not from symptomless green or yellowish living leaves. The fungus was occasionally re-isolated from leaf segments showing unspecific necrosis. Inoculation of pear leaves with isolates from grasses demonstrated that the fungus did not lose pathogenicity. Pseudothecia, ascospores and conidia were produced on all the dead inoculated leaves; differences between specimens were found for phenology of pseudothecia, their density and size, and for the number of conidia produced. Pseudothecia were produced faster in the lawn species than in pear leaves, and their density was higher, especially for S. glauca, L. perenne and P. pratensis. Ascospore maturation and ejection was more concentrated for the pseudothecia developed on pear leaves than for those on F. ovina and S. glauca. All the lawn species produced more conidia than pear leaves