Investigating the physicochemical properties and pharmacokinetics of curcumin employing density functional theory and gastric protection

The extraction, isolation as well as theoretical investigation of Cumcuma Xanthoriz (cxz) molecule was evaluated to ascertain the physicochemical properties (pc) of the investigated compound. The plant extracts were isolated and characterized using NMR, FT-IR and UV-Vis Spectroscopy study. Pre-geometry characterization as well as theoretical analysis were performed within the frame of density functional theory (DFT) at B3LYP/6-311++ G (d,p) level of theory. Global descriptors were calculated at the same level of theory to ascertain the molecular stability, chemical reactivity of the investigated molecules. Stabilization studies was conducted to properly evaluate the stability of the complex and as such, the result obtained divulged that the charge delocalization from sigma (σ) to anti-sigma (σ*) molecular orbital contributed chiefly to the molecular stability of the studied compound. The calculated UV-Vis spectroscopy study reveal that all absorption spectrum occurred at the visible region (400nm-700nm) which correlate with the experimental ʎmax obtained. Excitation of CXZ was observed to emanate from π→π*electronic transition. Result from the topology and admet properties explicates that CXZ molecule exhibited good ADMET properties and therefore suggests its suitability as potential plant based drug

Pharmacological Mechanisms Underlying Gastroprotective Activities of the Fractions Obtained from Polygonum minus in Sprague Dawley Rats

The leaves of Polygonum minus were fractionated using an eluting solvent to evaluate the pharmacological mechanisms underlying the anti-ulcerogenic activity of P. minus. Different P. minus fractions were obtained and evaluated for their ulcer preventing capabilities using the ethanol induction method. In this study, Sprague Dawley rats weighing 150–200 g were used. Different parameters were estimated to identify the active fraction underlying the mechanism of the gastroprotective action of P. minus: the gastric mucus barrier, as well as superoxide dismutase, total hexosamine, and prostaglandin synthesis. Amongst the five fractions from the ethanolic extract of P. minus, the ethyl acetate:methanol 1:1 v/v fraction (F2) significantly (p < 0.005) exhibited better inhibition of ulcer lesions in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, rats pre-treated with F2 showed a significant elevation in superoxide dismutase (SOD), hexosamine and PGE2 levels in the stomach wall mucosa in a dose-dependent matter. Based on these results, the ethyl acetate:methanol 1:1 v/v fraction was considered to be the best fraction for mucous protection in the ethanol induction model. The mechanisms underlying this protection were attributed to the synthesis of antioxidants and PGE2

Antidiabetic Effect of Oleuropein from Olea europaea Leaf against Alloxan Induced Type 1 Diabetic in Rats

This study have been designed to study the effect of extracted pure oleuropein from Oleaeuropaealeaf against alloxan induced type 1 diabetic rats.Diabetic male ratwas induced by injectingsingle subcutaneous injection of 100 mg/kg b.wof alloxan.Respectively, pure oleuropein compound (5, 10, 15 and 20 mg/kg.b.w)was orally administered once per a day during a period of 40 days ofexperiment.Then, the serum blood was collected for the determination of glucose level,haematological analysis, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant. Further, pancreatic tissue was evaluated for histological examination. Oleuropein showed a significant rolein attenuating the blood glucose levels and elevation of in-vivo antioxidantafter treating diabetic rats with 5 and 10 mg/kg. b.w.The haematologicaltest did not show any significant differences. The histological sections of diabetic rats treated with 5mg/kg/ b.w ofoleuropein showed regularity in size appearance of pancreatic islet with normal distribution of islet cells.Oleuropein as a natural active compound have antioxidant activity to attenuate the effect of alloxan against diabetic disease.Therefore, it can be recommended to use oleuropein as an additive food to cure type 1 diabetic

Potential Effect of Medicinal Plants on the Prevention of Gastric Ulcer: Mechanism of Actions

Medicinal plants have been widely studied to identify plant-based anti-gastric ulcer medicines. The mechanism of gastroprotective action is important to discover the potential lead compounds for drug development. All relevant articles between 2011 and 2021 focusing on Malaysian plants were collected and analyzed to understand the underlying pathways. Keywords include peptic ulcer, gastric ulcer, NSAIDs (Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs), Helicobacterpylori, medicinal plant, gastroprotection, antiulcer, acid secretion, cytoprotective, and digestion processes were applied in the search engines. Twenty-two of the plants had been reported based on the collected data. The review concludes that Malaysian plants could protect the gastric wall against necrotizing agents like ethanol and NSAIDs. This is mainly due to four critical defensive mechanisms: cytoprotective barriers, regulation of heat-shock protein 70 (HSP70) and pro-apoptotic protein (BAX), gastric acid secretion, and antioxidant capability. The mechanisms have been illustrated in the schematic diagrams for better understanding

In vitro Acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of polyphenolic compounds identified from Matricaria recutita

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is a key enzyme enhancing the cognitive disorder, leading to Alzheimer's disease, and AChE inhibition is a crucial therapeutic mechanism against it. Matricaria recutita (MR) is widely used as a herbal medicine due to its phytotherapeutic properties. For this reason, MR flower was evaluated to identify polyphenolic compounds (PC), and then each PC is examined for AChE inhibitory activity. The ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry UPLC-ESI-MS/MS was used to detect PC, and molecular docking was performed to insight potential inhibitory activity of PC against AChE. A series of 13 PC compounds were identified in the fractions of MR plant. Docking studies revealed that the inhibitory free energy and the position of the docked compounds in the active site are favored for the active compounds complex formed between AChE and the identified PC compounds. The accurate analysis of the docking result demonstrates that Kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside (KR) and Luteolin-8-C-glucoside (orientin) (LG) are the most signi fficant inhibitory compounds against AChE. It can be concluded that MR is a signifficant source of PC compounds, and KR and LG are the most promising compounds that have highaffanity binding to AChE, based on docking outcome. Further experiments are recommended to explore in vivo enzyme compound interaction and toxicity models to establish the maximum suggested dose

Antioxidant, total phenolic content and cytotoxicity evaluation of selected Malaysian plants

Aqueous and ethanol extracts of different traditional Malaysian plants (Polygonum minus, Andrographis paniculata, Curcuma xanthorrhiza, Momordica charantia and Strobilanthes crispus) were evaluated for their antioxidant properties, total phenolic content and cytotoxic activity. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by using 1,1-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. The results showed that ethanol extracts contain high antioxidant activities compared to aqueous extracts. The findings exhibited a strong correlation between antioxidant activity and the total phenol contents. In addition, all the plant extracts showed non-toxic effects against a normal human lung fibroblast cell line (Hs888Lu). Although traditionally aqueous extracts are used, we determined that ethanol extracts usually achieved better activity in the assays