Effet de la maladie des taches angulaires sur le rendement des varietes de haricot commun (Phaseolus vulgaris l.) a Foumbot dans L’ouest Cameroun

Cette étude a été menée à l’IRAD de Foumbot dans le but d’examiner l’effet de la maladie des taches angulaires (MTA) sur le rendement des variétés améliorées de haricot commun. Six variétés améliorées de haricot ont été semées dans un dispositif complètement randomisé avec trois répétions. Les données collectées sur l’incidence et la sévérité de la maladie, ainsi que le rendement de chaque variété ont été soumises à une Analyse des Variances. Les résultats montrent que l’incidence et la sévérité de la maladie ainsi que le rendement ont été significativement différents (P d ≤ 0,05) entre les variétés. L’incidence de la maladie a été significativement plus élevée chez les variétés naines dans la proportion de 100 %, que chez les variétés grimpantes dans la proportion 85 % au 50e jour après semis. La maladie a été plus sévère chez les variétés naines (39 %) que chez les variétés grimpantes (20 %). Les variétés grimpantes ont été les plus productrices. L’étude montre que la MTA du haricot commun réduit significativement le rendement en grains de cette culture à Foumbot et la variété grimpante NUV-6 se présente comme un bon candidat en vue de la sélection pour la résistance contre cette maladie.Mots clés : Maladie des taches angulaires, haricot, variété, rendement.English AbstractEffect of angular leaf spot disease on the yield of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris l.) varieties at Foumbot in Western CameroonThis study was conducted at IRAD of Foumbot to examine the effect of Angular Leaf Spot (ALS) disease on the performance of improved varieties of common bean. Indeed, six improved bean varieties were sown in a completely randomized design with three replications. The data collected on the incidence and severity of the disease, as well as the yield of each variety were subjected to Analysis of Variances. The results show that the incidence and severity of the disease, as well as the yield were ignificantly different (P d ≤ 0.05) between the varieties with respect to days after sowing (DAS). From 50 days after sowing (DAS), disease incidence was higher for bush varieties in proportion of 100 % than climbing varieties in proportion of 85 %. The disease was more severe on the bush varieties than the climbing varieties respectively in proportions of 39 % and 20 %. Climbing varieties were the most productive compared to bush varieties. The study shows that the ALS disease of common bean significantly reduce the yield of both the climbing and bush varieties in Foumbot. But in terms of disease, climbing variety NUV-6 proved best as it showed some resistance to ALS and had quality seeds.Key words : Angular leaf spot disease, bean, variety, yiel

A review of symptomatic leg length inequality following total hip arthroplasty

Leg length inequality (LLI) following total hip replacement is a complication which features increasingly in the recent literature. The definition of LLI is complicated by lack of consensus regarding radiological measurement, clinical measurement and the incomplete relationship between LLI and associated symptoms. This paper reviews 79 reports relating to LLI post hip replacement, detailing definitions and classification and highlighting patient populations prone to symptomatic LLI. While there is no universal definition of LLI, there is a broad consensus that less than 10 mm of difference on AP view plain radiographs is clinically acceptable. There are few techniques described that consistently produce a postoperative LLI of less than this magnitude. Where postoperative LLI exists, lengthening appears to cause more problems than shortening. In cases of mild LLI, non-surgical management produces adequate outcomes in the majority of cases, with functional LLI cases doing better than those with true LLI. Operative correction is effective in half of cases, even where nerve palsy is present, and remains an important option of last resort. Poor outcomes in patients with LLI may be minimised if individuals at risk are identified and counselled appropriately

Whole-genome sequencing reveals host factors underlying critical COVID-19

Critical COVID-19 is caused by immune-mediated inflammatory lung injury. Host genetic variation influences the development of illness requiring critical care1 or hospitalization2,3,4 after infection with SARS-CoV-2. The GenOMICC (Genetics of Mortality in Critical Care) study enables the comparison of genomes from individuals who are critically ill with those of population controls to find underlying disease mechanisms. Here we use whole-genome sequencing in 7,491 critically ill individuals compared with 48,400 controls to discover and replicate 23 independent variants that significantly predispose to critical COVID-19. We identify 16 new independent associations, including variants within genes that are involved in interferon signalling (IL10RB and PLSCR1), leucocyte differentiation (BCL11A) and blood-type antigen secretor status (FUT2). Using transcriptome-wide association and colocalization to infer the effect of gene expression on disease severity, we find evidence that implicates multiple genes—including reduced expression of a membrane flippase (ATP11A), and increased expression of a mucin (MUC1)—in critical disease. Mendelian randomization provides evidence in support of causal roles for myeloid cell adhesion molecules (SELE, ICAM5 and CD209) and the coagulation factor F8, all of which are potentially druggable targets. Our results are broadly consistent with a multi-component model of COVID-19 pathophysiology, in which at least two distinct mechanisms can predispose to life-threatening disease: failure to control viral replication; or an enhanced tendency towards pulmonary inflammation and intravascular coagulation. We show that comparison between cases of critical illness and population controls is highly efficient for the detection of therapeutically relevant mechanisms of disease