IMPLEMENTASI APLIKASI ADMINISTRASI WARGA RW 06 KAYUMANIS VII JAKARTA TIMUR BERBASIS WEB

Pelayanan kepada warga pada RW 10 Kayumanis kecamatan Matraman jika ingin membuat surat pengantar RT RW masih mengalamai sistem yang manual dengan cara datang langsung ke rumah sekretariat RT kendalanya adalah sering terjadi pak RT tidak ada dirumahnya. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan pelayanan administrasi penulis membuat aplikasi administrasi berbasis web pada kelurahan Kayumanis dengan merubah prosedur dari manual ke komputerisasi dan untuk memberikan layanan yang terbaik bagi warga. Metode pengembangan sistem yang digunakan adalah SDLC dimulai dari requirement membuat analisa kebutuhan dari prosedur dalam pelayanan data pada RT setempat, kedua desain membuat perancangan sistem pelayanan data menggunakan pemodelan use case, activity diagram dan diagram usulan, tahap ketiga implementasi yaitu melakukan penerapan dari desain ke source code sesuai dengan alur, tahap terakhir testing melakukan pengujian aplikasi layanan administrasi kependudukan yang di dampingi oleh ketua RT setempat

PRODUCTION PLANNING RAMBAK CRACKER TO MEET DEMAND AT UMKM DWI JAYA KENDAL

UMKM Dwi jaya merupakan suatu perusahaan kerupuk rambak yang terletak di Jl. Kyai Guru Sulaiman, Pegandon, Kabupaten Kendal, Jawa Tengah 51357. UMKM Dwi Jaya membuat dua produk yaitu kerupuk rambak sapi dan kerupuk rambak kerbau. Di UMKM Dwi jaya sendiri menggunakan sistem make to stock yaitu membuat suatu produk akhir untuk disimpan dan kebutuhan konsumen akan diambil dari persediaan di gudang. Tingkat persediaan tergantung pada waktu respon permintaan pelanggan dan tingkat vabilitas permintaan.Perusahaan tersebut memiliki sebuah masalah yaitu jumlah permintaan yang dihasilkan lebih banyak dari jumlah produksi yang ada sehingga menyebabkan kerupuk rambak tersebut mengalami kekurangan, Tindakan yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut yaitu membuat rencana produksi agar dapat memenuhi permintaan tepat waktu, tepat jumlah dengan biaya minimum yaitu dengan melakukan peramalan produksi dengan menggunakan Exponential smoothing kemudian dilanjutkan dengan menggunakan perencaaan agregat dengan menggunakan metode heuristik dan penjadwalan  produksi menggunakan Master Production Schedule (MPS) sesuai dengan metode heuristik yang terpilih, Setelah itu MPS  akan diverifikasi dengan menggunakan menggunakan Rough Cut Capacity Planning (RCCP) agar bisa mengetahui layak tidaknya jadwal dari MPS tersebut. Lalu dilakukan rekomendasi perbaikan untuk mengurangi biaya produksi, biaya simpan dan biaya tenaga kerja dengan menggunakan metode-metode yang tepat.Dari hasil penelitian, forecasting dengan menggunakan metode Exponential smoothing dan metode moving average menghasilkan peramalan terbaik total permintaan untuk kerupuk rambak sapi sebesar 88625 gram dan untuk kerupuk rambak kerbau sebesar 89390,52 gram, pada Aggregate Planning dengan menggunakan metode heuristik didapatkan hasil dengan solusi terbaik adalah solusi pengendalian persediaan (level strategy) total biaya terendah sebesar Rp. 0. (MPS) sesuai dengan solusi terbaik pada Aggregate Planning dan sesuai dengan kapasitas mesin dan pekerja yang telah di verifikasi menggunakan Rough Cut Capacity Planning (RCCP

Rapid Survey for Population, Commercial Trade of Small-Clawed Otter (Aonyx cinereus Illiger, 1815) in Java and Preliminary Assessment of Potential Bacterial Zoonoses

Small-clawed Otter (Aonyx cinereus) is the smallest Indonesian otter species commonly traded as a pet. This species is listed in CITES appendix I and is still not protected in Indonesia. This study investigates the species' illegal trade in the local market and assesses potential bacterial zoonoses transmitted to pet buyers. In general, we did not find A. cinereus trade in a traditional market in both East Java and Central Java. This fact is inversely proportional to the high online transaction. A rapid survey on the potential habitat of Small-clawed Otter in Central Java shows that suitable habitat is available, and we found many field signs (feces, traces, and nest) of Small-clawed Otter. The preliminary assessment on potential bacterial zoonoses conducted by isolating bacteria from anus, mouth and skin in selective medium for Enterobacteriaceae. Molecular identification using 16S rRNA showed that several species of bacteria such as Citrobacter freundii (n=3), Proteus alimentorum (n=2) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=1) were commonly observed. Based on this research, further study is still needed. We suggest that illegal trade need monitoring to reduce harvesting activities in the wild, and the biological risk of capturing and owning Small-clawed Otter as a pet

Rapid Survey for Population, Commercial Trade of Small-Clawed Otter (Aonyx cinereus Illiger, 1815) in Java and Preliminary Assessment of Potential Bacterial Zoonoses

Small-clawed Otter (Aonyx cinereus) is the smallest Indonesian otter species commonly traded as a pet. This species is listed in CITES appendix I and is still not protected in Indonesia. This study investigates the species' illegal trade in the local market and assesses potential bacterial zoonoses transmitted to pet buyers. In general, we did not find A. cinereus trade in a traditional market in both East Java and Central Java. This fact is inversely proportional to the high online transaction. A rapid survey on the potential habitat of Small-clawed Otter in Central Java shows that suitable habitat is available, and we found many field signs (feces, traces, and nest) of Small-clawed Otter. The preliminary assessment on potential bacterial zoonoses conducted by isolating bacteria from anus, mouth and skin in selective medium for Enterobacteriaceae. Molecular identification using 16S rRNA showed that several species of bacteria such as Citrobacter freundii (n=3), Proteus alimentorum (n=2) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=1) were commonly observed. Based on this research, further study is still needed. We suggest that illegal trade need monitoring to reduce harvesting activities in the wild, and the biological risk of capturing and owning Small-clawed Otter as a pet

Optimasi pembentukan biofilm Staphylococcus aureus dan Pseudomonas aeruginosa melalui penambahan glukosa dan NaCl

Biofilm merupakan bentuk agregasi sel mikroorganisme yang terbentuk dan terorganisir guna membuat lingkungan mikro dari mikroorganisme tersebut. Biofilm pada umumnya juga digunakan sebagai mekanisme bertahan pada suatu kondisi lingkungan, sehingga pada biofilm tersebut mikroorganisme dapat memerangkap nutrisi memanfaatkannya. Selain itu biofilm berkontribusi pada peningkatan resistensi terhadap antimikroba. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pengujian pembentukan biofilm secara in-vitro dengan suplementasi glukosa dan NaCl sehingga dapat diketahui kondisi optimum dalam pembentukan biofilm tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yakni untuk mengetahui kondisi optimum pembentukan biofilm pada bakteri S. aureus InaCC B4 dan P. aeruginosa InaCC B3, sehingga kedepannya dapat digunakan sebagai kondisi acuan dalam pengujian karakteristik biofilm maupun senyawa anti-biofilm. Uji pembentukan biofilm dilakukan pada 96-well microtiter plate, dengan menggunakan media trypticase soy agar (TSB) yang disuplementasi glukosa dan NaCl dengan rentang konsentrasi 0-2% untuk glukosa dan 0-4% untuk NaCl. Pengujian dilakukan dengan tiga ulangan dalam satu plate. Hasil pengujian diukur absorbansinya pada panjang gelombang 595 nm menggunakan multimode microplate reader. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan penambahan 1% glukosa memberikan hasil terbaik untuk pembentukan biofilm S. aureus InaCC B4. Adapun pada P. aeruginosa InaCC B3, suplementasi glukosa 0,125, 0,5 dan 1 % tidak memberikan pengaruh nyata pada pembentukan biofilm, jika dibandingkan dengan kontrol (suplementasi 0%). Selain itu, secara umum suplementasi NaCl tidak memberikan pengaruh nyata pada pembentukan biofilm S. aureus, sedangkan ada P. aeruginosa suplementasi NaCl dengan konsentrasi 0,125, 0,25 dan 1 % dapat meningkatkan pembentukan biofilm, sehingga perlu dilakukan konfirmasi lebih lanjut

Dissemination and persistence of extended-spectrum cephalosporin- resistance encoding IncI1-blaCTXM-1 plasmid among Escherichia coli in pigs

This study investigated the ecology, epidemiology and plasmid characteristics of extended-spectrum cephalosporin (ESC)-resistant E. coli in healthy pigs over a period of 4 years (2013–2016) following the withdrawal of ESCs. High carriage rates of ESC-resistant E. coli were demonstrated in 2013 (86.6%) and 2014 (83.3%), compared to 2015 (22%) and 2016 (8.5%). ESC resistance identified among E. coli isolates was attributed to the carriage of an IncI1 ST-3 plasmid (pCTXM1-MU2) encoding blaCTXM-1. Genomic characterisation of selected E. coli isolates (n = 61) identified plasmid movement into multiple commensal E. coli (n = 22 STs). Major STs included ST10, ST5440, ST453, ST2514 and ST23. A subset of the isolates belong to the atypical enteropathogenic E. coli (aEPEC) pathotype that harboured multiple LEE pathogenic islands. pCTXM1-MU2 was similar (99% nt identity) to IncI1-ST3 plasmids reported from Europe, encoded resistance to aminoglycosides, sulphonamides and trimethoprim, and carried colicin Ib. pCTXM1-MU2 appears to be highly stable and readily transferable. This study demonstrates that ESC resistance may persist for a protracted period following removal of direct selection pressure, resulting in the emergence of ESC-resistance in both commensal E. coli and aEPEC isolates of potential significance to human and animal health.This study was funded by the DVM clinical research programme, University of Adelaide and Small Grant Scheme of School of Veterinary Life Sciences, Murdoch University

Antimicrobial resistance in companion animal pathogens in Australia and assessment of pradofloxacin on the gut microbiota

Antimicrobials are not only considered as beneficial agents to human and animal health, but are also potentially harmful, both in terms of promoting antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and the potentially negative effects they may have on the gut microbiota. Focusing on these two major detrimental effects, this thesis aims to determine the frequency of AMR in companion animal pathogens isolated from Australia, as well as identify risk factors associated with infection my multidrug-resistant strains; and to describe the gut microbial community changes and other adverse effects in rabbits in response to administration of pradofloxacin, a new veterinary antimicrobial belonging to the critically important fluoroquinolone class. In the first nation-wide survey of AMR in companion animal pathogens, resistance to antimicrobials from more than ten different classes was described for a total 883 clinical Escherichia coli isolated from dogs (n=514), cats (n=341) and horses (n=28). Resistance to critically important antimicrobials not registered for use in animals (imipenem) was not detected in all clinical E. coli isolates. Resistance to amikacin, another critically important antimicrobial not registered for use in Australian animals, was low in dog and cat isolates (<2%) but moderately high in horse isolates (10.7%), reflecting its increased use in this species. Resistance to other third line antimicrobials such as third generation cephalosporins (3GC) and fluoroquinolones (FQN), was generally lower in cat isolates (3.8%-5%) compared with dog isolates (9.1%-10.9%) and horse isolates (25%-35.7%). A higher proportion of resistance was observed among the first and second line antimicrobials, ranging from 25%-100% for ampicillin and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, mainly due to the new interpretation by veterinary-specific clinical breakpoints for dogs and cats which are much lower than human clinical breakpoints. The frequency of multidrug-resistant (MDR) E. coli was 18.1%, 11.7% and 42.9% in dog, cat and horse isolates respectively, which was positively associated with the chronicity of infection and prior antimicrobial treatment, in particular for urinary tract infections from dogs. Furthermore, among coagulase-positive staphylococci (CoPS) isolates from companion animals the frequency of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the isolate collections was 11.8% (74/629) and 12.8% (15/117), respectively. Resistance to FQN in S. pseudintermedius ranged from 8.1%-8.8% and was highly associated with MRSP isolates from dogs (OR 287; 95%CI 91.2–1144.8). MRSA isolates were also co-resistant to FQN (OR 5.4, 95%CI 0.6–252.1), with a frequency ranging from 8.5%-11.8% of total S. aureus from dogs (n=47) and cats (n=14). By contrast MRSA isolates from horses, were most likely to be co- resistant to amikacin and rifampicin (OR 6.5, 95%CI 0.7–315.2) with a frequency of 9.4% of total S. aureus from horses (n=53). A risk factor analysis showed that MRSP isolates from dogs were significantly more likely in surgical site infections (SSI) and skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI), particularly if the animals had received prior antimicrobial treatment. Compared with other countries where similar studies have been undertaken, rates of AMR in E. coli, were generally lower. However, due to the abrupt emergence and spread of MRSP infections in Australia, rates of AMR in S. aureus and S. pseudintermedius were moderately higher. Faecal and gut microbiota profiling using V3-V4 16S rRNA gene Illumina MiSeq DNA sequence analysis confirmed that the veterinary fluoroquinolone pradofloxacin (which has a much broader spectrum of activity compared to earlier generations) had quite different effects on the microbial community in the rabbit stomach and caecum; compared to hard faeces, and soft faeces. Microbial richness and diversity decreased significantly in hard faeces at the end of the 3- day treatment but not in the lumen of the stomach and caecum. Pseudomonas spp. was depleted significantly in hard faeces while Anaeroplasma significantly diminished in the stomach and caecum. The abundance of several bacterial taxa from the Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae was significantly overrepresented in all samples. However, overproliferation of bacteria causing enteritis such as Clostridium spp. and coliforms was not detected in the two gut compartments nor hard and soft faeces. Further, we hypothesized that stomach microbiota would be less diverse compared with caecum microbiota but our data show that the stomach harboured higher levels of microbial diversity compared with the caecum, regardless of pradofloxacin treatment, most likely due to coprophagy. Although the short-term use of pradofloxacin appears safe in rabbits as we observed no clinically adverse effects, these results confirm that pradofloxacin did result in significant disturbance of the faecal microbial community and changes of metabolic functional diversity. In conclusion, the first nation-wide AMR survey provides an important snapshot of the current situation of AMR in companion animal pathogens in Australia. Further, this thesis underlined the public health (AMR) and individual health-related (dysbiosis) consequences which should increase the awareness of prudent use of antibiotics especially in animals and broadly in human medicine.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, 201

AKTIVITAS XILANASE DARI Bacillus altitudinis YANG DIPRODUKSI DENGAN VARIASI WAKTU INKUBASI DAN KONDISI PENGUJIAN pH NETRAL DAN ALKALIN

Xylanases are hydrolytic enzymes which randomly cleave the β-1,4 backbone of the complex plant cell wall polysaccharide xylan. In this study, we investigate the extracellular enzyme activity of three strains of Bacillus altitudinis which produced with various production times in neutral (pH 7) and alkaline (pH 9) conditions. Crude enzyme was obtained from inoculated production medium containing 2% w/v xylan after six different time of incubations, including 0, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours.  The stationary phase of those three strains was observed after 72 hours of incubation, in accordance with significant increase of xylanase activity both in neutral and alkaline assay conditions. However, the highest of xylanase activity was obtained after 92 hours of incubation, in all three bacterial strains tested. A thin layer chromatography (TLC) was performed, and it confirmed that the crudes enzymes was able to breakdown the xylan into oligosaccharides. A higher activity of xylanase was obtained in alkaline condition but not significantly different between those two conditions. B. altitudinis KBX08 has the highest xylanase activity (46.9U/ml) which produced after 96 hours of incubation, indicating their potential for further development as xylanase producer.

Keanekaragaman bakteri penghasil eksopolisakarida asal saluran cerna manusia

Exopolysaccharide (EPS) is a polysaccharide that is excreted by cell as metabolites. Bacterial EPS has been widely used in food and drug industries. In order to find natural products for foods and drugs, the study was conducted to know the diversity of EPS-producing bacteria isolated from human gastrointestinal tracts. As much of 30 bacterial strains were collected from two healthy people and seventeen of collected isolates were investigated for the capability of producing EPS. As the results of identifi cation by partial 16S ribosomal DNA analysis, those seventeen EPS-producing bacterial strains were closely related with already known bacteria (range between 86 to100% similarity) and could be classified into seven genus, i.e.: Lactobacillus spp. (9 strains), Enterobacter sp. (2 strains), Escherichiasp. (2 strains), Klebsiella sp. (1 strain), Cronobacter sp. (1 strain), Staphylococcus sp. (1 strain), and Alteromonas sp. (1 strain). In addition, member of Lactobacillus group which have closest relationship with species L. plantarum (7 strains) dan L. fermentum (2strains) were known to dominate the collection of culturable EPS-producing bacteria from human gastrointestinal tracts