3,054 research outputs found
Proof of the generalized Lieb-Wehrl conjecture for integer indices larger than one
Gnutzmann and Zyczkowski have proposed the Renyi-Wehrl entropy as a
generalization of the Wehrl entropy, and conjectured that its minimum is
obtained for coherent states. We prove this conjecture for the Renyi index
q=2,3,... in the cases of compact semisimple Lie groups. A general formula for
the minimum value is given.Comment: 8 pages, typos fixed, published versio
Role of an intermediate state in homogeneous nucleation
We explore the role of an intermediate state (phase) in homogeneous
nucleation phenomenon by examining the decay process through a doubly-humped
potential barrier. As a generic model we use the fourth- and sixth-order Landau
potentials and analyze the Fokker-Planck equation for the one-dimensional
thermal diffusion in the system characterized by a triple-well potential. In
the low temperature case we apply the WKB method to the decay process and
obtain the decay rate which is accurate for a wide range of depth and curvature
of the middle well. In the case of a deep middle well, it reduces to a
doubly-humped-barrier counterpart of the Kramers escape rate: the barrier
height and the curvature of an initial well in the Kramers rate are replaced by
the arithmetic mean of higher(or outer) and lower(or inner) partial barriers
and the geometric mean of curvatures of the initial and intermediate wells,
respectively. It seems to be a universal formula. In the case of a
shallow-enough middle well, Kramers escape rate is alternatively evaluated
within the standard framework of the mean-first-passage time problem, which
certainly supports the WKB result. The criteria whether or not the existence of
an intermediate state can enhance the decay rate are revealed.Comment: 9pages, 11figure
Diffusion in the Markovian limit of the spatio-temporal colored noise
We explore the diffusion process in the non-Markovian spatio-temporal
noise.%the escape rate problem in the non-Markovian spatio-temporal random
noise. There is a non-trivial short memory regime, i.e., the Markovian limit
characterized by a scaling relation between the spatial and temporal
correlation lengths. In this regime, a Fokker-Planck equation is derived by
expanding the trajectory around the systematic motion and the non-Markovian
nature amounts to the systematic reduction of the potential. For a system with
the potential barrier, this fact leads to the renormalization of both the
barrier height and collisional prefactor in the Kramers escape rate, with the
resultant rate showing a maximum at some scaling limit.Comment: 4pages,2figure
Effective Sampling in the Configurational Space by the Multicanonical-Multioverlap Algorithm
We propose a new generalized-ensemble algorithm, which we refer to as the
multicanonical-multioverlap algorithm. By utilizing a non-Boltzmann weight
factor, this method realizes a random walk in the multi-dimensional,
energy-overlap space and explores widely in the configurational space including
specific configurations, where the overlap of a configuration with respect to a
reference state is a measure for structural similarity. We apply the
multicanonical-multioverlap molecular dynamics method to a penta peptide,
Met-enkephalin, in vacuum as a test system. We also apply the multicanonical
and multioverlap molecular dynamics methods to this system for the purpose of
comparisons. We see that the multicanonical-multioverlap molecular dynamics
method realizes effective sampling in the configurational space including
specific configurations more than the other two methods. From the results of
the multicanonical-multioverlap molecular dynamics simulation, furthermore, we
obtain a new local-minimum state of the Met-enkephalin system.Comment: 15 pages, (Revtex4), 9 figure
Relaxation to equilibrium of expectation values in macroscopic quantum systems
A quantum mechanical explanation of the relaxation to equilibrium is shown
for macroscopic systems for nonintegrable cases and numerically verified. The
macroscopic system is initially in an equilibrium state, subsequently
externally perturbed during a finite time, and then isolated for a sufficiently
long time. We show a quantitative explanation that the initial microcanonical
state typically reaches to a state whose expectation values are
well-approximated by the average over another microcanonical ensemble.Comment: accepted to Physical Review
Using Pilot Systems to Execute Many Task Workloads on Supercomputers
High performance computing systems have historically been designed to support
applications comprised of mostly monolithic, single-job workloads. Pilot
systems decouple workload specification, resource selection, and task execution
via job placeholders and late-binding. Pilot systems help to satisfy the
resource requirements of workloads comprised of multiple tasks. RADICAL-Pilot
(RP) is a modular and extensible Python-based pilot system. In this paper we
describe RP's design, architecture and implementation, and characterize its
performance. RP is capable of spawning more than 100 tasks/second and supports
the steady-state execution of up to 16K concurrent tasks. RP can be used
stand-alone, as well as integrated with other application-level tools as a
runtime system
Moments of generalized Husimi distributions and complexity of many-body quantum states
We consider generalized Husimi distributions for many-body systems, and show
that their moments are good measures of complexity of many-body quantum states.
Our construction of the Husimi distribution is based on the coherent state of
the single-particle transformation group. Then the coherent states are
independent-particle states, and, at the same time, the most localized states
in the Husimi representation. Therefore delocalization of the Husimi
distribution, which can be measured by the moments, is a sign of many-body
correlation (entanglement). Since the delocalization of the Husimi distribution
is also related to chaoticity of the dynamics, it suggests a relation between
entanglement and chaos. Our definition of the Husimi distribution can be
applied not only to the systems of distinguishable particles, but also to those
of identical particles, i.e., fermions and bosons. We derive an algebraic
formula to evaluate the moments of the Husimi distribution.Comment: published version, 33 pages, 7 figre
Loss of AP-3 function affects spontaneous and evoked release at hippocampal mossy fiber synapses
Synaptic vesicle (SV) exocytosis mediating neurotransmitter release occurs
spontaneously at low intraterminal calcium concentrations and is stimulated by
a rise in intracellular calcium. Exocytosis is compensated for by the
reformation of vesicles at plasma membrane and endosomes. Although the adaptor
complex AP-3 was proposed to be involved in the formation of SVs from
endosomes, whether its function has an indirect effect on exocytosis remains
unknown. Using mocha mice, which are deficient in functional AP-3, we identify
an AP-3-dependent tetanus neurotoxin-resistant asynchronous release that can be
evoked at hippocampal mossy fiber (MF) synapses. Presynaptic targeting of the
tetanus neurotoxin-resistant vesicle soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor
attachment protein receptor (SNARE) tetanus neurotoxin-insensitive
vesicle-associated membrane protein (TI-VAMP) is lost in mocha hippocampal MF
terminals, whereas the localization of synaptobrevin 2 is unaffected. In
addition, quantal release in mocha cultures is more frequent and more sensitive
to sucrose. We conclude that lack of AP-3 results in more constitutive
secretion and loss of an asynchronous evoked release component, suggesting an
important function of AP-3 in regulating SV exocytosis at MF terminals
Correlations of observables in chaotic states of macroscopic quantum systems
We study correlations of observables in energy eigenstates of chaotic systems
of a large size . We show that the bipartite entanglement of two subsystems
is quite strong, whereas macroscopic entanglement of the total system is
absent. It is also found that correlations, either quantum or classical, among
less than points are quite small. These results imply that chaotic states
are stable. Invariance of these properties under local operations is also
shown.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figure
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