Analisis Pendekatan teknik Penugasan terstruktur Mata Pelajaran PKn pada SMA Negeri 15 Makassar

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Untuk mengetahui kondisi pelaksanakan kegiatan pembelajaran PKn dengan teknik penugasan terstruktur di SMA Negeri 15 Makassar, cara teknik penugasan terstruktur dapat meningkatkan KKM peserta didik di SMA Negeri 15 Makassar, dampak dari teknik penugasan terstruktur terhadap Peserta Didik di SMA Negeri 15 Makassar Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kuantitatif, jenis penelitian survey dimana peneliti menggunakan kuisioner atau angket sebagai instrument penelitian utama untuk mengumpulkan data. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah desain penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif yang mendeskripsikan gejala atau peristiwa yang diukur kemudian diolah sesuai dengan fungsinya. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah Guru PKn dan peserta Didik SMA Negeri 15 Makassar dengan sampel 49 dengan menggunakan pengambilan sampel secara random sampling. Teknik Pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah Kuisioner (Angket), wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan analisis data deskriptif kuantitatif yang pengelolahan datanya dilakukan setelah data telah terkumpul. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, 1) kondisi pelaksanakan kegiatan pembelajaran PKn dengan teknik penugasan terstruktur di SMA Negeri 15 Makassar cukup baik. Dilihat dari beberapa peserta didik yang masih antusias mengikuti pembelajaran PKn. 2) dengan cara Teknik penugasan terstruktur tidak dapat meningkatkan KKM peserta didik di SMA Negeri 15 Makassar, dilihat dari nilai rata-rata peserta didik di SMA Negeri 15 Makassar hanya mendekati nilai 77. 3) Dampak dari teknik penugasan terstruktur terhadap peserta didik di SMA Negeri 15 Makassar, Dampak dari pemberian tugas terstruktur terhadap peserta didik dapat dilihat pada manfaat yang diperoleh peserta didik yaitu: kerjasama, kemandirian, kreatif, disiplin, inovatif, tanggung jawab, pengetahuan, serta kejujuran. Harapan pada teknik penugasan terstruktur di SMA Negeri 15 Makassar agar peserta didik lebih giat lagi mengerjakan tugas yang diberikan oleh guru dan guru lebih memperhatikan peserta didik agar lebih memahami pelajaran yang diberikan kepada peserta didik

Magnetospheric multiprobes: Investigations and instrumentation

The multiprobe scientific objectives are to: (1) determine the spatial structure of plasma phenomena such as the aurora, convection reversals, and ion troughs; (2) separate spatial and temporal variations in these phenomena; (3) determine field aligned current densities; (4) perform multiple point analysis of particle beams, wave fields, and plasma clouds that are injected into the ionosphere and magnetosphere by Spacelab active experiment facilities. Trade studies described include: instrument accommodations, power, attitude determination, electric field antennas, storage and ejection, thermal control, tracking communications, command and data management, payload and mission specialist support, functional objectives, and orbital analysis

Global temporal changes in the proportion of children with advanced disease at the start of combination antiretroviral therapy in an era of changing criteria for treatment initiation

Introduction: The CD4 cell count and percent at initiation of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) are measures of advanced HIV disease and thus are important indicators of programme performance for children living with HIV. In particular, World Health Organization (WHO) 2017 guidelines on advanced HIV disease noted that >80% of children aged <5 years started cART with WHO Stage 3 or 4 disease or severe immune suppression. We compared temporal trends in CD4 measures at cART start in children from low-, middle- and high-income countries, and examined the effect of WHO treatment initiation guidelines on reducing the proportion of children initiating cART with advanced disease. Methods: We included children aged <16 years from the International Epidemiology Databases to Evaluate acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) (IeDEA) Collaboration (Caribbean, Central and South America, Asia-Pacific, and West, Central, East and Southern Africa), the Collaboration of Observational HIV Epidemiological Research in Europe (COHERE), the North American Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study (PHACS) and International Maternal Pediatric Adolescent AIDS Clinical Trials (IMPAACT) 219C study. Severe immunodeficiency was defined using WHO guidelines. We used generalized weighted additive mixed effect models to analyse temporal trends in CD4 measurements and piecewise regression to examine the impact of 2006 and 2010 WHO cART initiation guidelines. Results: We included 52,153 children from fourteen low-, eight lower middle-, five upper middle- and five high-income countries. From 2004 to 2013, the estimated percentage of children starting cART with severe immunodeficiency declined from 70% to 42% (low-income), 67% to 64% (lower middle-income) and 61% to 43% (upper middle-income countries). In high-income countries, severe immunodeficiency at cART initiation declined from 45% (1996) to 14% (2012). There were annual decreases in the percentage of children with severe immunodeficiency at cART initiation after the WHO guidelines revisions in 2006 (low-, lower middle- and upper middle-income countries) and 2010 (all countries). Conclusions: By 2013, less than half of children initiating cART had severe immunodeficiency worldwide. WHO treatment initiation guidelines have contributed to reducing the proportion of children and adolescents starting cART with advanced disease. However, considerable global inequity remains, in 2013, >40% of children in low- and middle-income countries started cART with severe immunodeficiency compared to <20% in high-income countries