Effective RNA Regulation by Combination of Multiple Programmable RNA-Binding Proteins

RNAs play important roles in gene expression through translation and RNA splicing. Regulation of specific RNAs is useful to understand and manipulate specific transcripts. Pumilio and fem-3 mRNA-binding factor (PUF) proteins, programmable RNA-binding proteins, are promising tools for regulating specific RNAs by fusing them with various functional domains. The key question is: How can PUF-based molecular tools efficiently regulate RNA functions? Here, we show that the combination of multiple PUF proteins, compared to using a single PUF protein, targeting independent RNA sequences at the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of a target transcript caused cooperative effects to regulate the function of the target RNA by luciferase reporter assays. It is worth noting that a higher efficacy was achieved with smaller amounts of each PUF expression vector introduced into the cells compared to using a single PUF protein. This strategy not only efficiently regulates target RNA functions but would also be effective in reducing off-target effects due to the low doses of each expression vector

Direct conversion of carlactonoic acid to orobanchol by cytochrome P450 CYP722C in strigolactone biosynthesis

Strigolactones (SLs) are carotenoid-derived phytohormones and rhizosphere signaling molecules for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and root parasitic weeds. Why and how plants produce diverse SLs are unknown. Here, cytochrome P450 CYP722C is identified as a key enzyme that catalyzes the reaction of BC-ring closure leading to orobanchol, the most prevalent canonical SL. The direct conversion of carlactonoic acid to orobanchol without passing through 4-deoxyorobanchol is catalyzed by the recombinant enzyme. By knocking out the gene in tomato plants, orobanchol was undetectable in the root exudates, whereas the architecture of the knockout and wild-type plants was comparable. These findings add to our understanding of the function of the diverse SLs in plants and suggest the potential of these compounds to generate crops with greater resistance to infection by noxious root parasitic weeds

Differences in gait kinetics and kinematics between patients with rotating hinge knee and cruciate-retaining prostheses : A cross-sectional study

東京都立大学Tokyo Metropolitan University博士（理学療法学）doctoral thesi

Synthesis and Properties of Electron-Donating [n]Dendralenes: Promising New Donors for Preparation of Synthetic Metals.

[Abstract] 1,3-Dithiol[n]dendralene,tris (1,3-dithiol-2-ylidenep) ropane (1) and tetrakis (1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene) butane (2), which correspond to acyclic systems of 1, 3-dithiol[n] radialenes, have successfully been synthesized by the Vilsmeyer reaction of 2, 2\u27-(ethanediylidene)bis(1, 3-dithiole(3) and 1, and the subsequent Wittig reaction. The redox behavior of 1 investigated by cyclic voltammetry reveals three-stages of one-electron transfer process. On the other hand, the unsubstituted system and benzo derivative of 2 show two-stages of one-electron transfer and subsequent simultaneous two-electron transfer processes, while the redox process of caromethoxy derivative of 2 is represented as two-steps of simultaneous two-electron transfer