11 research outputs found

    Comparação entre autoimagem e índice de massa corporal entre crianças residentes em favela do Rio de Janeiro, 2012

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    Objective. To verify the agreement/discrepancy between self-image and Body Mass Index (BMI), according to variables related to type of food and environment influence. Methods. Cross-sectional analysis of 195 prepubescent children (≥5 years), assisted at Primary Health Care. The World Health Organization z-score values were applied to classify the BMI. Self-image was collected using the silhouettes scale validated for children. The association of covariates with the outcome underestimation/overestimation of BMI in relation to self-image was estimated in a multinomial model. Results. The overweight children underestimated the BMI, as compared with the self-image, more often (58.6%) than the obese (22,0%) and the eutrophic (49,0%). This misrepresentation was associated with participation in the cash transfer program (OR=2.01 – 95%CI 1,04;3,90) and daily consumption of candies (OR=3.88 – 95%CI 1,05;14,39). Conclusion. Underestimation of BMI among overweight children should be accounted in primary health care practices.Objetivo. Analisar a concordância/discrepância entre autoimagem corporal e classificação do índice de massa corporal (IMC), segundo tipo de alimentação e influências do ambiente. Métodos. Análise transversal de 195 crianças pré-púberes (≥5 anos), atendidas na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS), Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. O IMC foi classificado conforme escore-z. Avaliou-se a autoimagem pela escala de silhuetas para crianças. Estimou-se a associação entre as covariáveis e subestimação/superestimação do IMC em relação à autoimagem, em modelo multinomial. Resultados. Crianças com sobrepeso subestimaram seu IMC, em comparação com a autoimagem, em maior proporção (58,6%) que aquelas com obesidade (22,0%) ou com eutrofia (49,0%). Essa dissociação correlacionou-se com a participação no programa de transferência de renda (RC=2,01 – IC95% 1,04;3,90) e com o consumo diário de alimentos açucarados (RC=3,88 – IC95% 1,05;14,39). Conclusão. A subestimação do IMC entre as crianças com excesso de peso deve ser considerada pela APS, visando aperfeiçoar as práticas de intervenção

    Overweight children living in shanty towns of Rio de Janeiro: a systemic approach

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    Submitted by Angelo Silva ([email protected]) on 2017-03-30T17:40:59Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) 126.pdf: 5810339 bytes, checksum: e0791e44f48674796ff21f1296ffeffd (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Maria Arruda ([email protected]) on 2017-09-11T16:16:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 126.pdf: 5810339 bytes, checksum: e0791e44f48674796ff21f1296ffeffd (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-11T16:16:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 126.pdf: 5810339 bytes, checksum: e0791e44f48674796ff21f1296ffeffd (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.A crescente prevalência de excesso de peso em crianças é um dos principais problemas atuais de saúde pública. Seus determinantes são complexos, e envolvem múltiplos níveis, do indivíduo ao microambiente; do complexo agroindustrial às políticas públicas; do nível socioeconômico ao capital social. A complexidade evidente do problema nos conduziu a uma abordagem sistêmica com o objetivo de entender as relações entre esses diversos componentes. Com base na concepção desse modelo teórico sistêmico, o estudo analisa os dados de uma coorte de crianças, moradoras de Manguinhos, uma comunidade carente localizada na Zona Norte do município do Rio de Janeiro, que teve início em 2004, com seguimentos em 2008 e 2012. Na presente tese foram incluídas as crianças entre 5 e 9 anos de idade, pré-púberes. O tema foi analisado sob dois enfoques: da economia e das ciências sociais, tendo gerado dois artigos. No primeiro artigo comparou-se o gasto efetuado com a alimentação da criança com o preço de uma alimentação saudável, usando alimentos comumente consumidos pelo grupo estudado. Observou-se alto dispêndio com produtos ultra processados, determinantes do excesso de peso, e um valor total maior que a estimativa do custo com uma alimentação de acordo com o Guia Alimentar para População Brasileira. Os ultraprocessados, mesmo tendo baixo preço unitário são consumidos em grandes quantidades, o que eleva o gasto das famílias. No segundo artigo, que associa a autoimagem corporal com o IMC, verificou-se que a criança com sobrepeso se vê menor quando comparada ao IMC observado. Esta percepção da sua imagem corporal pode ser resultado de um padrão estabelecido culturalmente no ambiente familiar e de vizinhança. Este padrão é possivelmente fruto de uma relação que associa corpo grande com status, ou seja, um componente de capital simbólico. Esse achado deve ser levado em consideração, levando-se em conta as intervenções individuais visando o controle da obesidade. Esses resultados sinalizam para o desenvolvimento de estratégias baseadas em um conhecimento sólido, não apenas do lado macrossocial, mas também do cotidiano das pessoas que vivem em regiões urbanas vulneráveis, tendo em vista que poderão fornecer apoio nesses locais onde a obesidade cresce.The increasing prevalence of overweight in children is one of the main problems of public health. Its determinants are complex, involving multiplelevels, from the individual to the microenvironment; from the agroindustrial complex to public policies; from the socioeconomic position to the social capital. The obvious complexity of the problem led us to a systemic approachin order to understand the relationships among these various components. Based on this systemic theoretical model, the study analyzes data from acohort of children living in Manguinhos, a poor community in the north of the city of Rio de Janeiro, started in 2004, with follow-ups in 2008 and 2012. In this thesis, prepubescent children aged 5 to 9 years old were included. The subject was analyzed from two perspectives: coming from Economic and Social Studies, generating two articles. In the first article, we compared the expenditure with the child's food with the price of a healthy diet, based on food commonly consumed in the same group. There was a high expenditure on ultra-processed products, determinants of overweight, and a total value greater than the estimated cost of an adequate food, based on the Food Guide for the Brazilian population. The ultra-processed, even considering the low unit price, are consumed in large quantities, increasing the household spending. In the second article that associate the body image with the measured BMI, overweighted child see themselves smaller than the observed IMC. This body image perception can result from a culturally established pattern, basedon home and neighborhood environment. This pattern is possibly resultant of a relationship between large bodies with status, a symbolic capital aspect. This finding should be taken into account when considering the individual interventions to control obesity. These results point to the need to develop a solid knowledge-based strategies, not just the considering the macro social aspects, but also the everyday life of people in vulnerable urban areas, that could support intervention in these places where obesity grows

    Childhood prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors

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    Made available in DSpace on 2010-08-23T16:00:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Prevalência em criançasde fatores.pdf: 108397 bytes, checksum: 0c9af80ff868852b0770088a6b652586 (MD5) license.txt: 1878 bytes, checksum: 4ab65ca798f15d32db061c8ec1b00ab1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Fernandes Figueira. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilInvestigou-se a presença de fatores de risco para doenças cardiovasculares em estudo transversal em 356 crianças de 5 a 9 anos, atendidas em unidade básica de saúde de área de baixa renda da Região Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Foram avaliados: lipidograma, estado nutricional, hábitos alimentares e aspectos sócio-econômicos. Observaram-se 10,7 por cento de sobrepeso e 68,4 por cento com níveis alterados no lipidograma, sendo 18,6 por cento com LDL-colesterol alto. Para descrever o perfil alimentar as respostas ao questionário qualitativo de ingestão foram submetidas à classificação multivariada, obtendo-se seis grupos, resumidamente definidos como: da cultura tradicional brasileira; moderno (produtos diet e light); frituras; doces e refrescos (misturados com outros grupos); os demais pouco definidos. A alta prevalência dos fatores de risco para as doenças cardiovasculares desde a infância e a evidência de alimentação infantil inadequada indica a necessidade de desenvolver uma estratégia preventiva, procurando atingir toda a família, de forma a alterar os padrões de ingestão de alimentos das populações de baixa renda em direção à comportamentos mais saudáveis.Cardiovascular risk factors were investigated in 356 children 5 to 9 years of age who were treated at a primary care center located in a low-income area in Greater Metropolitan Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Lipid profile, nutritional status, food intake, and lifestyle were evaluated. 10.7% of the children were overweight, 68.4% had some type of dyslipidemia, and 18.6% showed high LDL-c. To describe the food intake pattern, the answers to the qualitative food questionnaire were submitted to multivariate cluster analysis, producing six basic groups: traditional Brazilian cooking; “modern” food (including diet and light products); fried food; sweets and soft drinks (mixed with other groups); and other poorly defined groups. The high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors (beginning in childhood) and the evidence of inadequate dietary habits indicate that a preventive family-focused strategy is needed to change the dietary pattern of low-income groups towards healthier eating

    Feeding children in a favela in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: how much is spent and what would be the cost of a healthy diet?

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    Abstract Objectives: to measure food expenditure for children living in a favela in Rio de Janeiro, and compare this expenditure to the cost of a healthy diet, based on local prices. Methods: panel study, with three collection dates – 2004, 2008 and 2012 – conducted in children (5 to 9 years old) in Manguinhos. Food prices were collected by way of a sample of local food stores in 2013 and deflated using indicators specific to food prices. Twenty-four hour diet recall, qualitative food frequency and the Brazilian food pyramid adequate for the age group were used to estimate the observed expenditure and the cost of a healthy diet. Results: in 2004, 49.2% of the families interviewed lived on less than US1perperson/dayand9.71 per person/day and 9.7% in 2012.In the same period, the percentage of students eating free school meals dropped from 73% to 49%. Money spent on food was concentrated on sugary products (32.4%) and snacks (12.5%). The estimated monthly cost of a healthy diet (US142) was lower than the observed expenditure (US$176). Conclusions: increased purchasing power has not led to healthier food choices. The common belief that poor people choose food based on prices was rejected by the present study. Other factors certainly play an important role in food purchasing decisions

    Estudo de coorte para vigilância dos fatores de risco cardiovascular em crianças na atenção básica de saúde: métodos e primeiros resultados

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    Submitted by Luis Guilherme Macena ([email protected]) on 2011-11-21T18:15:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Cohort study for monitoring cardiovascular risk.pdf: 167777 bytes, checksum: 90ac85072ac67a3d32e74d600ea9bd52 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2011-11-21T18:15:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cohort study for monitoring cardiovascular risk.pdf: 167777 bytes, checksum: 90ac85072ac67a3d32e74d600ea9bd52 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Fernandes Figueira. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Conhecer a presença de fatores de risco para as doenças cardiovasculares desde a infância é essencial para orientar políticas de promoção da saúde. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar, junto com os principais resultados, uma proposta metodólogica para estimar incidência e prevalência, ao longo do tempo, desses fatores e fatores sociodemográficos associados em população assistida em unidade básica, integrante do Sistema Único de Saúde do Brasil. Adotou-se o desenho de uma coorte aberta, iniciada em 2004, com amostra de 356 crianças de 5-9 anos. Na segunda onda, em 2008, 126 crianças aderiram, e 205 foram reavaliadas. Coletouse dados socioeconômicos, alimentares, de atividade física, antropométricos (peso/altura/perímetro da cintura), lipidograma e glicemia. Os resultados apontam alta prevalência de dislipidemia, aumento do excesso de peso e de tempo sedentário entre ondas. Em 55% das crianças, os valores de HDL-colesterol foram mais baixos. A proposta metodológica apresentada mostrou-se adequada para a vigilância dos preditores das doenças cardiovasculares em populações urbanas carentes.An awareness of the presence of cardiovascular disease risk factors since childhood is essential to guide health promotion policies. The aim of this paper is to present, together with the main results, a methodological proposal to estimate both incidence and prevalence of these factors over time and their associated socio-demographic aspects in a population attending a primary health care unit, within Brazilian Unified National Health System. An open cohort design was adopted, starting in 2004 with a sample of 356 children aged between 5 and 9. In the second wave, in 2008, 126 children were enrolled and 205 were reevaluated. Socioeconomic variables, food intake, physical activity, anthropometric measures (weight, height and waist size), lipidogram and glycemia were collected. Results indicate a high prevalence of dyslipidemia, and an increase of excess weight and sedentary activity between both surveys. Some 55% of children were found to have lower values of HDL-cholesterol. The methodological proposal was considered adequate for the monitoring of cardiovascular disease predictors in poor urban populations

    High PEEP with recruitment maneuvers versus Low PEEP During General Anesthesia for Surgery -a Bayesian individual patient data meta-analysis of three randomized clinical trials

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    Background: The influence of high positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) with recruitment maneuvers on the occurrence of postoperative pulmonary complications after surgery is still not definitively established. Bayesian analysis can help to gain further insights from the available data and provide a probabilistic framework that is easier to interpret. Our objective was to estimate the posterior probability that the use of high PEEP with recruitment maneuvers is associated with reduced postoperative pulmonary complications in patients with intermediate-to-high risk under neutral, pessimistic, and optimistic expectations regarding the treatment effect. Methods: Multilevel Bayesian logistic regression analysis on individual patient data from three randomized clinical trials carried out on surgical patients at Intermediate-to-High Risk for postoperative pulmonary complications. The main outcome was the occurrence of postoperative pulmonary complications in the early postoperative period. We studied the effect of high PEEP with recruitment maneuvers versus Low PEEP Ventilation. Priors were chosen to reflect neutral, pessimistic, and optimistic expectations of the treatment effect. Results: Using a neutral, pessimistic, or optimistic prior, the posterior mean odds ratio (OR) for High PEEP with recruitment maneuvers compared to Low PEEP was 0.85 (95% Credible Interval [CrI] 0.71 to 1.02), 0.87 (0.72 to 1.04), and 0.86 (0.71 to 1.02), respectively. Regardless of prior beliefs, the posterior probability of experiencing a beneficial effect exceeded 90%. Subgroup analysis indicated a more pronounced effect in patients who underwent laparoscopy (OR: 0.67 [0.50 to 0.87]) and those at high risk for PPCs (OR: 0.80 [0.53 to 1.13]). Sensitivity analysis, considering severe postoperative pulmonary complications only or applying a different heterogeneity prior, yielded consistent results. Conclusion: High PEEP with recruitment maneuvers demonstrated a moderate reduction in the probability of PPC occurrence, with a high posterior probability of benefit observed consistently across various prior beliefs, particularly among patients who underwent laparoscopy
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