6 research outputs found

    Produção de gás redutor através da gaseificação do biochar produzido a partir da conversão termoquímica de biomassa para fins siderúrgicos

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    Nos últimos anos, a energia renovável tem recebido maior importância devido ao aumento das emissões antropogênicas de gases de efeito estufa para a atmosfera, sendo que o setor siderúrgico é responsável por emitir aproximadamente 7% do total das emissões antropogênicas de CO2. A gaseificação a vapor de biochar é uma potencial tecnologia para a produção de um gás rico em H2 e CO, com potencial para aplicação como agente redutor na indústria siderúrgica. No presente estudo, duas biomassas (capim elefante e aparas de couro) foram utilizadas para a produção de biochar. A tese foi dividida em três etapas distintas visando investigar a produção de gás redutor a partir da gaseificação com vapor d’água do biochar. Na primeira etapa, a pirólise da biomassa capim elefante foi conduzida em um reator piloto de rosca transportadora em diferentes temperaturas (400, 500 e 600 °C). Os produtos da pirólise (biochar/bio-óleo/gás não-condensável) foram quantificados e os biochars foram caracterizados quanto as suas propriedades químicas e texturais. Para avaliar a influência da temperatura de gaseificação foram conduzidos experimentos de gaseificação com vapor d’água do biochar produzido a partir da pirólise do capim elefante a 500 °C em um reator vertical de leito fixo a 800, 850, 900 e 950 °C. O rendimento de H2 variou de 52,00 a 82,02 mmol·gbiochar-1, bem como o rendimento de gás seco variou de 1,54 a 2,67 Nm3·kgbiochar-1 com o aumento da temperatura de gaseificação. A influência da temperatura de pirólise (400, 500 e 600 °C) sobre o desempenho da gaseificação a vapor dos biochars também foi investigada. Os experimentos de gaseificação dos biochars com vapor d’água foram conduzidos a 900 °C. Os rendimentos de gás seco foram de 2,29, 2,26 e 2,06 Nm3·kgbiochar-1, para B400, B500 e B600, respectivamente. O maior rendimento de H2 foi de 73,93 mmol·gbiochar-1 para o B500. Na segunda etapa da tese, foi realizada uma avaliação das propriedades morfológicas e químicas do biochar ao longo do processo de gaseificação. O biochar foi obtido a partir da pirólise da biomassa capim elefante em um reator de leito fixo vertical a 900 °C, com taxa de aquecimento de 5 C·min-1 e 180 minutos de isoterma. O biochar foi submetido ao processo de gaseificação com vapor d’água a 900 °C. Amostras do biochar foram coletadas em diferentes tempos de reação (6, 12, 15, 30 e 60 min). Os resultados indicaram mudanças drásticas na estrutura morfológica do biochar ao longo da reação de gaseificação, especialmente para baixos níveis de conversão. O rendimento de gás seco foi de 4,0 Nm3·kgbiochar-1, bem como, o rendimento de H2 foi de aproximadamente 120 mmol·gbiochar-1. Na terceira etapa da tese, resíduos da indústria do couro (aparas de couro provenientes da etapa de rebaixamento) foram pirolisados a 450 °C em um reator de rosca transportadora. O biochar obtido na pirólise foi submetido a gaseificação com vapor d’água em um reator vertical de leito fixo a diferentes temperaturas (800, 850, 900 e 950 °C). Na gaseificação do biochar obtido a partir de aparas de couro o rendimento de gás seco foi de 2,26 Nm3·kgbiochar-1 a 950 °C, e foi produzida uma cinza rica em cromo (57,1 % como Cr2O3), com potencial para aplicação na indústria siderúrgica.In recent years, renewable energy has become more important due to the increase in anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, and the siderurgical industry is responsible for emitting approximately 7% of total anthropogenic CO2 emissions. Steam gasification of biochar is a potential technology for the production of a gas rich in H2 and CO, with potential for application as a reducing agent in the siderurgical industry. In the present study, two biomasses (elephant grass and leather waste) were used for biochar production. The thesis was divided into three distinct steps aiming to investigate the production of reducing gas from steam gasification of biochar. In the first stage the pyrolysis of elephant grass biomass was conducted in a pilot screw screw reactor at different temperatures (400, 500 and 600 ° C). Pyrolysis products (biochar/bio-oil /non-condensable gas) were quantified and biochars were characterized for their chemical and textural properties. To evaluate the influence of the gasification temperature, steam gasification experiments of the biochar produced from elephant grass pyrolysis at 500 °C in a fixed bed reactor at 800, 850, 900 and 950 °C were conducted. H2 yield ranged from 52.00 to 82.02 mmol·gbiochar-1, and dry gas yield ranged from 1.54 to 2.67 Nm3·kgbiochar-1 with increasing gasification temperature. The influence of pyrolysis temperature (400, 500 and 600 °C) on the biochars steam gasification performance was also investigated. Steam gasification of biochars experiments were conducted at 900 °C. Dry gas yields were Nm3·kgbiochar-1 for B400, B500 and B600, respectively. The highest H2 yield was 73.93 mmol·gbiochar-1 for B500. In the second stage of the thesis, an evaluation of biochar morphological and chemical properties was carried out during the gasification process. The biochar was obtained from pyrolysis of elephant grass biomass in a vertical fixed bed reactor at 900 °C, with a heating rate of 5 °C·min-1 and 180 minutes of isotherm. The biochar was subjected to the steam gasification process at 900 °C. Biochar samples were collected at different reaction times (6, 12, 15, 30 and 60 min). The results indicated drastic changes in the biochar morphological structure during the gasification reaction, especially for low conversion levels. Dry gas yield was 4.0 Nm3·kgbiochar-1, and H2 yield was approximately 120 mmol·gbiochar-1. In the third stage of the thesis, leather industry waste (leather shavings from the lowering step) was pyrolyzed at 450 °C in a screw reactor. The biochar obtained in the pyrolysis was submitted to steam gasification in a fixed bed vertical reactor at different temperatures (800, 850, 900 and 950 °C). In biochar gasification from leather shavings the dry gas yield was 2.26 Nm3·kgbiochar-1 at 950 °C, and a chromium rich ash (57.1% as Cr2O3) was produced, with potential for application in the siderurgical industry

    Investigation of the Structure of the Biochar Obtained by Slow Pyrolysis of Elephant Grass during Its Steam Gasification

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    A detailed evaluation of the structure of biochar from slow pyrolysis of elephantgrass during its steam gasification was performed. The effects of surface area andinherent alkali and alkaline earth metal (AAEM) species on the reactivity of thebiochar were investigated. Drastic changes in biochar structure occurred through-out the reaction, especially for low degrees of conversion. The BET surface area ofthe biochar increased significantly until the conversion reached 0.49, and therewas a steep decrease at high degrees of conversion. The biochar showed a highAAEM concentration. The aromaticity of the biochar suggested an ordered car-bon structure that can lower the reaction rate. The high syngas yield makes theprocess attractive for generation of renewable energy

    Investigation of the structure of the biochar obtained by slow pyrolysis of elephant grass during its steam gasification

    No full text
    A detailed evaluation of the structure of biochar from slow pyrolysis of elephantgrass during its steam gasification was performed. The effects of surface area andinherent alkali and alkaline earth metal (AAEM) species on the reactivity of thebiochar were investigated. Drastic changes in biochar structure occurred through-out the reaction, especially for low degrees of conversion. The BET surface area ofthe biochar increased significantly until the conversion reached 0.49, and therewas a steep decrease at high degrees of conversion. The biochar showed a highAAEM concentration. The aromaticity of the biochar suggested an ordered car-bon structure that can lower the reaction rate. The high syngas yield makes theprocess attractive for generation of renewable energy
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