Beragam Indikator Pembangun Tingkat Kesadaran Lingkungan Petani Lahan Kering, Daerah Semi Arid, Timor Barat

ABSTRACT Economic improvements are often found to neglect environmental sustainablity. Slash and burn systems and the application of inorganic materials that are thought to increase agricultural production, are instead causing land to be deforested and vulnerable to erosion.Humans has a direct dominance towards the majority of the ecosystem, meaning that humans has a large influence in affecting the quality of these ecosystems, wether the action of managing it improves or worsen the existing state of an ecosystem. Thus it is crucial to invite and guide the community to be aware of the facts and risks borne by the environment and the importance of actions to reduce these risks.Environmental awareness studies were conducted in eleven villages spreading across West Timor.The sampling technique was carried out by using the multistage quota random sampling method, and as many as 30 respondents were selected from each village, with data analysis done descriptively. Some findings in the study indicate that 46.67% of indicators that are considered as determinants of the environmental awareness level of farmers,shows a low index value ranging from 1.57 to 1.92.Furthermore, there are 33.33% of indicators that contribute enough with an index value smaller than 2.5.Only 20% of indicators contribute to the farmer awareness index at a sufficient level with an index value of>2.5, some of which are minimal use of inorganic fertilizers, periods of inorganic fertilizer use and minimal use of inorganic herbicides.Therefore, it is necessary to have synergistic actions from various components to improve the performance of the indicators that determine the environmental awareness of farmers.     ABSTRAK Peningkatan ekonomi sering mengabaikan keberlanjutan lingkungan. Sistem tebas bakar dan aplikasi material anorganik diharapkan untuk meningkatkan produksi pertanian justru menyebabkan lahan menjadi bersih dari rerumputan dan pohon atau lahan menjadi gundul dan sangat rentan terhadap erosi. Manusia mendominasi secara langsung terhadap sebagian besar ekosistem. Artinya perilaku manusia sangat mempengaruhi kualitas suatu ekosistem, apakah pengelolaan yang dilakukan memperbaiki atau memperburuk kondisi eksisting ekosistem. Dengan demikian sangatlah krusial mengajak dan membimbing masyarakat menyadari fakta dan risiko yang ditanggung lingkungan dan pentingnya tindakan untuk mengurangi risiko tersebut. Studi kesadaran lingkungan dilakukan di sebelas desa yang menyebar di Timor Barat. Teknik pengambilan contoh dilakukan secara multistage quota random sampling, sebanyak 30 responden dari masing-masing desa. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif. Beberapa temuan dalam studi menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 46,67% dari indikator yang dianggap sebagai penentu tingkat kesadaran lingkungan petani memiliki nilai indeks rendah, berkisar  1,57 sampai 1,92. Selanjutnya terdapat 33,33% indikator yang berkontribusi cukup dengan nilai indeks lebih kecil 2,5. Hanya sebesar 20% indikator yang berkontribusi terhadap indeks kesadaran petani pada tingkat yang cukup dengan nilai indeks >2,5, beberapa indikator  tersebut adalah penggunaan minimal pupuk anorganik, periode penggunaan pupuk anorganik dan penggunaan minimal herbisida anorganik. Oleh karena itu perlu adanya tindakan sinergis dari berbagai komponen untuk meningkatkan performa dari indikator-indikator yang menentukan kesadaran lingkungan petani

AGROFORESTRI TRADISIONAL SEBAGAI SISTEM PERTANIAN LAHAN KERING BERKELANJUTAN

Traditional agroforestry a model of land management by integrating crops and livestock is one of the sustainable agricultural systems. Agroforestry practices have traditionally been conducted in various parts of the world with the pattern depending on the socio-cultural system of the managing community. . This paper aims to study various studies related to agroforestry's role in the availability of family food. The writing method is used with a review of various theories and results of agroforestry research. The benefits of this study as additional information for further research as well as a stimulant to improve the existing agroforestry system. The results of the study concluded that the traditional agroforestry system is considered as an environmentally friendly agricultural system that provides three main benefits, namely social, economic and ecological benefits. Social benefits include benefits that contribute to family food security (production, quality, variety and access), firewood and building needs, availability of animal feed and organic fertilizer, minimizing crop failure and utilization of labor throughout the year. Economic benefits, agroforestry can guarantee and stabilize the availability of cash over the year and support the creation of savings and household capital. The ecological benefits of agroforestry farming system is an environmentally friendly agricultural system that can improve soil fertility, reduce erosion, restore crisis land and increase biodiversity

PELATIHAN EKO ENZIM DI JEMAAT KAISAREA BTN KOLHUA, KOTA KUPANG

Pelatihan pembuatan Eko-enzim dilatarbelakangi berlimpahnya sampah organik dapur yang dapat didaur ulang menghasilkan Eko-enzim. Eko-enzim merupakan salah satu produk dimana formulasi pembuatan adalah sampah organik dicampur dengan molase dan air. Rasio antar bahan yang dibutuhkan adalah tiga bagian bahan organik, satu bagian molase dan 10 bagian air bersih. Kemudian, bahan tersebut diletakan dalam wadah tertutup dan difermentasi selama 3 bulan untuk memperoleh larutan eko-enzim. Larutan eko-enzim yang telah matang dicampur dengan air dapat bermanfaat untuk membilas perabotan rumahtangga, dapat digunakan sebagai shampo, dijadikan sebagai sabun mandi, dan juga bermanfaat sebagai penyubur tanaman. Multi manfaat eko-enzim dan berlimpahnya sampah yang ada di kota Kupang, yang mana sebagian besar, 70%-80% adalah sampai organik, mendorong kami dari multidisiplin Fakultas Pertanian  melakukan pelatihan pembuatan eko-enzim di Jemaat Kaisarea. Hasil kegiatan memperlihatkan peserta sangat antusias dalam mengikuti kegiatan pelatihan ini, dan lebih dari 70% peserta yang meminta bahan untuk lasngsung dipratikan, dan dibawa pulang untuk dirawat/dijaga hingga proses pemanenan. Antusiasme peserta sangat tinggi mengingat sampah organik dapur dihasilkan setiap hari. Melalui pelatihan pembuatan eko-enzim dan mendorong masyarakat secara kontinu dapat memanfaatkan limbah dapur untuk menghasilkan eko-enzim

PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT PETANI DALAM MENDUKUNG PROGRAM PENGEMBANGAN LUMBUNG PANGAN MASYARAKAT (LPM) DI DESA MANURARA KECAMATAN KATIKU TANA SELATAN KABUPATEN SUMBA TENGAH

Participation studies are important because they determine the success of the program. When community participation is high, the food granary program will be successful and conversely low participation will make the food granary program fail to run. The research aims to examine the level of participation of the farming community in supporting the Community Food Granary Development Program. This study determines the closeness of the relationship between social and economic factors and community participation. Participation is measured based on the activities of the food barn from four (4) stages, namely; The planning, implementation, evaluation and results utilization stages. Participation is measured using a Likert scale with categories very high, high, medium and low. The closeness of the relationship between socio-economic variables and participation was analyzed using Rank Spearman analysis. The results of the study showed that community participation is classified as moderate with a score of 3982 (61.60%). The closeness of the relationship between socio-economic factors, namely age0.391 (moderate), amount of production of 0.409 (moderate) and type of workof 0.620 (strong)has a significant relationship with participation. While, the formal education factor does not significant relationship to participation with a correlation coefficient of 0.150 (weak)

PENYULUHAN EKOSISTEM MANGROVE SEBAGAI MITIGASI BENCANA DI KELURAHAN OESAPA BARAT, KOTA KUPANG, NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR

Ekosistem mangrove merupakan ekosistem yang hidup diantara daratan dan perairan sehingga komponen di dalamnya sangat bergantung pada kondisi laut maupun terestrial. Ekosistem mangrove sering dihadapkan pada permasalahan-permasalahan yang melibatkan banyak sektor seperti perikanan, kelautan, perkebunan maupun kehutanan. Ekosistem Mangrove Kelurahan Oesapa Barat, Kota Kupang hampir setiap tahun mengalami bencana alam seperti abrasi dan gelombang tinggi. Selain itu, ekosistem mangrove Oesapa Barat pada Tahun 2021 pernah mengalami siklon tropis yang dikenal dengan siklos Seroja yang sangat merusak vegetasi-vegetasi mangrove dan bahkan pemukiman penduduk di sekitar mangrove. Kondisi ekosistem mangrove di Kelurahan Oesapa Barat belum sesuai dengan sistem mitigasi tanggap bencana di daerah pesisir. Pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan penyuluhan kepada masyarakat yang tinggal di daerah ekowisata mangrove Oesapa Barat terkait dengan pengelolaan ekosistem mangrove sebagai mitigasi bencana. Metode penyuluhan kepada masyarakat dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode focus group discussion mengenai  pengelolaan ekosistem mangrove dengan materi seperti pengaturan zonasi maupun jenis-jenis vegetasi mangrove. Penyuluhan ini diharapkan dapat memberikan pemahaman kepada masyarakat dalam memanfaatkan ekosistem mangrove sehingga meminimalisir kerusakan akibat bencana di daerah ekowisata mangrove Oesapa Barat, Kota Kupang

PENENTUAN TINGKAT EFISIENSI ALOKATIF DAN EFISIENSI TEKNIS PADA USAHATANI JAGUNG MANIS ( Zea mays saccharata L. ) DI KECAMATAN KUPANG TIMUR

Research about the determining of allocative and technical efficiency level of sweet corn farming in East Kupang Sub District aims to find out the effect of the use of production factors toward sweet corn production; to analyze the level of allocative efficiency of its use; and to analyze the level of production technical efficiency of sweet corn. The research location was chosen by purposive sampling with the consideration that Oesao village and Pukdale are villages where produce sweet corn in East Kupang Sub District. The sample of research respondents was taken by simple random sampling with 79 respondents consisting of 35 farmers from Oesao village and 44 farmers from Pukdale village. The collect of data had been carried out as long as February to March 2020. The reseach results showed that the factors of land, seed, and urea production significantly affected the production of sweet corn, while the factors of NPK, pesticides and labor production had no significant effect. The level of efficiency can be reached through allocate production inputs precisely. In this case, by reducing the use of land and urea fertilizer, on the other hand, by adding the use of seeds. Also, the farmer production level technically is not efficient yet with the average of actual production level is 10,408 grains or around 1,487 kg, while the average frontier production level is 28,146.64 grains or around 4,021 kg. There are 39 farmers who their technical efficiency in low level category, than, 28 farmers in moderate level category, and as many as 12 farmers have reached a level of technical efficiency

KEMIRI, KOMODITI UNGGULAN DI KABUPATEN MANGGARAI TIMUR

ABSTRACTCandlenut is one of the leading commodities in East Manggarai Regency and has considerable potential to be developed. In addition to spices, candlenut has many other benefi ts, thus creating its own demand. However, based on land potential and productivity that can still be improved, it can be seen that the available data are not well-organized and comprehensive. Therefore the general aim of this study is to conduct data inventory on the potential of candlenut, and estimate the economic value and feasibility of the commodity for its investment opportunities. Specifi cally, the aim of this study is to inventory the spread and potential map of the commodity, estimate the performance economically and fi nancially as well as alternative marketing channels for candlenut. The results showed that the spread of candlenut in East Manggarai Regency with an area of at least 5% of the total area of candlenut distribution in the regency was South Elar, Poco Ranaka Timur, Poco Ranaka, Kota Komba, and Sambi Rampas sub-district, wirh an area of 5.82%; 6.15%; 18.91%; 27.66% and 30.83% respectively. The results of the feasibility analysis of the candlenut cultivation showed that the value of net B/C ratio, NPV and IRR was 4.7; Rp. 16,677,050.7 and 47.1 respectively. These feasibility criterias provided evidence that intensive candlenut cultivation can generate very high profi ts. Several alternatives for the marketing channel of the commodity namely: a) Farmers sell directly to consumers in traditional markets. b) Farmers sell to PAP accomplice, or collector traders. c). Farmers sell directly to PAP in Borong or the candlenut collected in the PAP is transported to Kupang, Surabaya and Ujung Pandang. ABSTRAK Kemiri, salah satu komoditi unggulan di Kabupaten Manggarai Timur, memiliki potensi yang cukup besar untuk dikembangkan. Selain untuk bumbu masak, kemiri banyak sekali manfaat kemiri, sehingga menciptakan permintaannya sendiri. Namun demikian, berdasarkan potensi lahan dan produktivitas yang masih dapat diperbaiki terlihat bahwa data yang tersedia belum tertata secara baik dan komprehensif. Oleh karena itu tujuan studi secara umum adalah menginventarisasi data potensi kemiri, dan mengestimasi nilai ekonomi dan kelayakan komoditas kemiri bagi peluang investasinya. Secara spesifi k tujuannya adalah mengiventarisasi peta penyebaran dan potensi kemiri, mengestimasi performa kemiri secara ekonomi dan fi nansial serta alternatif saluran pemasaran kemiri. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyebaran kemiri di Kabupaten Manggarai Timur dengan luasan minimal 5% dari luasan areal penyebaran kemiri di Kabupaten Manggarai Timur adalah Elar Selatan, Poco Ranaka Timur, Poco Ranaka, Kota komba, dan kecamatan Sambi Rampas. Masing-masing luas secara berurutan adalah 5,82%; 6,15%; 18,91%; 27,66% dan 30,83%. Hasil analisis kelayakan budidaya kemiri untuk nilai net B/C rasio, NPV dan IRR masing-masing sebesar 4,7; Rp. 16.677.050,7 dan 47,1. Ini berarti bahwa semua indikator menunjukkan bahwa bahwa usaha kemiri layak dioperasikan. Kriteria kelayakan ini membuktikan bahwa apabila usahatani kemiri diusahakan sedikit lebih intensif akan mendatangkan keuntungan yang sangat tinggi. Alternatif saluran pemasaran kemiri ditemukan beberapa alternatif yakni: a) Petani menjual langsung kepada konsumen di pasar tradisional. b) Petani menjual ke kaki tangan PAP, atau pedagang pengumpul. c). Petani menjual langsung ke PAP di Borong atau kemiri yang ada di PAP diantarpulaukan ke Kupang, Surabaya dan Ujung Pandang

Efisiensi Teknis Usahatani Lahan Kering Desa Noelbaki, Kecamatan Kupang Tengah, Kabupaten Kupang

An efficient producers are those capable of maximizing output from the same input use, or produce the same product prom fewer levels of input use. If the efficiency gains are high enough it could indicate that the farmer is able to manage his resources in a way. So that achieves high efficiency. This study used 75 respondents from a randomly sampled of Noelbaki village. The aim of this study is to estimate farm technical and to know efficiency diffusion. The analysis found that the average technical efficiency of dry land agriculture in Noelbaki village was 0.68 or 68%. This means that the inefficiency of dry land agriculture is still quite high at 32%. Meanwhile, from the distribution of peasants at the level of technical efficiency was <0.70 or <70% there were about > 50.67% of peasants. While at the level of efficiency that is sufficient to be efficient (0.70 -> 0.90) there are about 49.33% of peasants in Nolebaki village. Based on these conclusions, it is recommended that improvements in technical efficiency need to be directed towards improvements that lead to a long-term perspective and environmentally friendly orientation

Tingkat Efisiensi Pada Usahatani Padi Sawah di Desa Noelbaki, Kabupaten Kupang, NTT

Efficiency can be achieved by minimizing the resources needed to produce a particular output, or maximizing the output generated from a particular resource. Efficient use of resources can increase productivity. How efficient is the use of resources in rice paddy farming, invested through studies aimed to estimate production factors that affect rice farming and to measure its efficiency. The research was conducted in Noelbaki Village, Central Kupang District, Kupang Regency. Determination of the population used purposive sampling method, in which with the consideration of farmers who own rice fields. Sample is chosen as random sampling as much as 60 famers from the population. Data is analyzed with Cobb-Douglas stochastic frontier production function, and Cobb-Douglas Stochastic Frontier cost function to obtain economic efficiency value.  Allocative  efficiency is estimated from rasio between technical efficiency and economic efficiency. The results showed that the factors of land area production, seeds, fertilizers, labor have a significant effect on rice. The use of input factors in rice paddy farming can be said to be quite efficient technically and economically with an average value of 0.81±0,11 and 0.84±0,15, respectively. While the allocative efficiency is very efficient with an average value of 0.99±0,21.Efisiensi dapat dicapai  dengan meminimalkan sumber daya yang dibutuhkan untuk memproduksi output tertentu, atau memaksimalkan output yang dihasilkan dari sumber daya tertentu. Penggunaan sumberdaya yang efisien dapat meningkatkan produktivitas. Seberapa efisienkah penggunaan sumberdaya pada usahatani padi sawah, diinvestigaasi melalui studi yang bertujuan mengestimasi faktor-faktor produksi yang mempengaruhi usahatani padi sawah dan mengukur tingkat efisiensinya. Penelitian dilaksanaan di Desa Noelbaki Kecamatan Kupang Tengah Kabupaten Kupang. Penentuan populasi secara secara sengaja dengan pertimbangan petani pemilik lahan sawah. Pengambilan contoh secara acak sebanyak 60. Analisis  data fungsi produksi stochastic frontier Cobb-Douglas, dan fungsi biaya Cobb-Douglas Stochastic Frontier untuk memperoleh nilai efisiensi ekonomi sedangkan efisiensi alokatif merupkan hasil bagi dari  efisiensi teknis terhadap efisiensi ekonomi. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa faktor produksi luas lahan, benih, pupuk, tenaga kerja berpengaruh nyata terhadap produksi padi sawah sedangkan faktor produksi pestisida tidak berpengaruh nyata. Penggunaan input faktor pada usahatani padi sawah dapat dikatakan cukup efisien secara teknis dan ekonomi dengan nilai rata-rata masing-masing masing sebesar 0,81±0,11 dan 0,84±0,15. Sedangkan efisiensi alokatif sangat efisien dengan nilai rata-rata sebesar 0,99±0,21

Efficiency Level in Rice Farming in Noelbaki Village, Kupang Regency, NTT

Efficiency can be achieved by minimizing the resources needed to produce a particular output, or maximizing the output generated from a particular resource. Efficient use of resources can increase productivity. How efficient is the use of resources in rice paddy farming, invested through studies aimed to estimate production factors that affect rice farming and to measure its efficiency. The research was conducted in Noelbaki Village, Central Kupang District, Kupang Regency. Determination of the population used purposive sampling method, in which with the consideration of farmers who own rice fields. Sample is chosen as random sampling as much as 60 famers from the population. Data is analyzed with Cobb-Douglas stochastic frontier production function, and Cobb-Douglas Stochastic Frontier cost function to obtain economic efficiency value.  Allocative  efficiency is estimated from rasio between technical efficiency and economic efficiency. The results showed that the factors of land area production, seeds, fertilizers, labor have a significant effect on rice. The use of input factors in rice paddy farming can be said to be quite efficient technically and economically with an average value of 0.81±0,11 and 0.84±0,15, respectively. While the allocative efficiency is very efficient with an average value of 0.99±0,21