Collaborative Metaphor Analysis Research Methodology: A Retrospective Self-Study

The purpose of this manuscript is to explicate the metaphor analysis process we employed in a recent study to make this methodology more accessible to future researchers. To explain and demystify metaphor analysis as a method, we describe in detail the three rounds of data analysis leading to findings. We seek to make transparent the messiness and thoughtfulness of the refining process as well as the methodological rigor and trustworthiness. In the discussion that follows, researchers share experiences with and resulting insights into the methodology in hopes of providing future researchers with support for their own metaphor analysis work

Present-day geodynamics in the bend of the western and central Alps as constrained by earthquake analysis

The contrasted tectonics of the western/central Alps is examined using a synthesis of 389 reliable focal mechanisms. The present-day strain regime is mapped and interpolated for the entire Alpine belt based on a newly developed method of regionalization. The most striking feature is a continuous area of extension which closely follows the large-scale topographic crest line of the Alpine arc. Thrusting is observed locally, limited to areas near the border of the Alpine chain. A majority of earthquakes within the Alps and its forelands are in strike-slip mode. Stress inversion methods have been applied to homogenous subsets of focal plane mechanisms in order to map regional variations in stress orientation. The stress state is confirmed to be orogen-perpendicular both for s3 in the inner extensional zones and s1 in the outer transcurrent/transpressional zones. Extensional areas are well correlated with the part of the belt which presents the thickest crust, as shown by the comparison with the Bouguer anomaly and the average topography of the belt. In the northwestern Swiss Alps, extension is also correlated with currently uplifting zones. These observations and our strain/stress analyses support a geodynamic model for the western Alps in which the current activity is mostly a result of gravitational ‘body' forces. Earthquakes do not provide any direct evidence for ongoing convergence in the Alpine system, but a relationship with ongoing activity of complex block rotations of the Apulian microplate cannot be ruled ou

Late Pleistocene/early Holocene maritime interaction in Southeastern Indonesia - Timor Leste

This study analysed over 1000 obsidian stone artefacts excavated from two adjoining shelters at Tron Bon Lei on Alor Island Indonesia using portable XRF. The study showed an unambiguous separation of three different source locations (Groups 1, 2 and 3). Two sources (Group 2 and 3a, b, c) dominate the assemblage numerically. Group 1 and 2 indicate use of a single volcanic formation with a strong match between Group 1 artefacts and artefacts from sites in Timor Leste. Obsidian occurs in the earliest occupation layer in the Alor sites but does not include Group 1 artefacts which occur only after approx. 12,000 cal BP. Currently the geographical location of the Group 1 outcrop is unknown, however, based on the late appearance of the Group 1 artefacts in the Alor sequence it is likely that the location is not on Alor, but rather on another island of the Sunda chain. The dating of Group 1 artefacts in widely spaced sites on the never geographically connected islands of Timor and Alor indicates that maritime interaction between islands began by at least the terminal Pleistocene. The distribution of the obsidian in Tron Bon Lei shelter Pit B shows that there were periods of more intense interaction punctuated by periods when interaction declined or ceased

New assessment of basement units in the fitz roy area: implications for an early mesozoic tectono-metamorphic event at southern patagonia

Among the complex collage of metamorphic belts exposed in the Patagonian Andes, the Triassic metamorphic rocks are poorlyrepresented. They only outcrop at the southern Chilean coast within the Chonos Metamorphic Complex (CMC), a subductioncomplex (Hervé et al. 2008), which witness of an active subduction during the Late Triassic (Hervé and Fanning 2001). Recently,U-Pb dating in detrital zircons performed in metasedimentary rocks from the Nunatak Viedma, which crops out west of the Fitz Royarea, within the Southern Patagonian Ice Field, revealed grain-ages youngest at Late Triassic (Suárez et al. 2018). We proposedto define the Nunatak Viedma Unit (NVU) in the Southern Patagonian Andes (SPA; Suárez et al. 2018) on the basis of these newobservations. The rocks of the NVU exhibit a main phase of ductile to brittle-ductile deformation tentatively correlated with theLate Triassic-Early Jurassic Chonide deformation event (Suárez et al. 2018) identified in the southern Chilean coast (Thomson andHervé 2002; Hervé et al. 2008). However, the age of the NVU?s tectono-metamorphic event, as well as its tectonic significance, arestill unknown. New geological mapping carried out in the Fitz Roy region (Fig. 1) reveals that outcrops previously mapped either asBahía de la Lancha Formation (BLF) or as volcanic rocks of the El Quemado Complex, shows lithological and structural similaritieswith the rocks of the NVU (Fig. 1). The preliminary structural results presented in this contribution aim to better constrain thedeformation phase of the NVU and to discuss its age and tectonic significance.Fil: Suárez, Rodrigo Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber"; ArgentinaFil: Ghiglione, Matias. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber"; ArgentinaFil: Sue, Christian. Universite de Franche-Comte; FranciaFil: Roy, Sandrine. Université de Savoie Mont-Blanc; FranciaXV Congreso Geológico ChilenoConcepciónChileUniversidad de ConcepciónColegio de Geólogos de ChileSociedad Geológica de Chil

Exploring ways to improve health system performance in developing countries

This lively collection of articles investigating the challenges faced by health systems in developing countries is a welcome addition to the current health literature. Writing from a non-technical perspective, the authors strike a balance between deterring the general reader with excessive technical jargon and being too elementary to interest specialists. The book will thus appeal to a broad readership of health care professionals, researchers, advisors, students, and those outside the health profession involved in trade policy, economics, public policy and development

Identifying alternatives to old age psychiatry inpatient admission: an application of the balance of care approach to health and social care planning.

BACKGROUND: Mental health problems in older people are common and costly, posing multiple challenges for commissioners. Against this backdrop, a series of initiatives have sought to shift resources from institutional to community care in the belief that this will save money and concurs with user preferences. However, most of this work has focused on the use of care home beds and general hospital admissions, and relatively little attention has been given to reducing the use of mental health inpatient beds, despite their very high cost. METHODS: The study employed a 'Balance of Care approach' in three areas of North-West England. This long-standing strategic planning framework identifies people whose needs can be met in more than one setting, and compares the costs and consequences of the possible alternatives in a simulation modelling exercise. Information was collected about a six-month cohort of admissions in 2010/11 (n = 216). The sample was divided into groups of people with similar needs for care, and vignettes were formulated to represent the most prevalent groups. A range of key staff judged the appropriateness of these admissions and suggested alternative care for those considered least appropriate for hospital. A public sector costing approach was used to compare the estimated costs of the recommended care with that people currently receive. RESULTS: The findings suggest that more than a sixth of old age psychiatry inpatient admissions could be more appropriately supported in other settings if enhanced community services were available. Such restructuring could involve the provision of intensive support from Care Home Outreach and Community Mental Health Teams, rather than the development of crisis intervention and home treatment teams as currently advocated. Estimated savings were considerable, suggesting local agencies might release up to £1,300,000 per annum. No obvious trade-off between health and social care costs was predicted. CONCLUSIONS: There is considerable potential to change the mix of institutional and community services provided for older people with mental health problems. The conclusions would be strengthened by further studies and the incorporation of evidence about relative outcomes. However, the utility of the approach in challenging established patterns of resource allocation and building local ownership for change is apparent