Chemical characteristics of aerosols in MABL of bay of Bengal and Arabian sea during spring inter-monsoon: a comparative study

The chemical composition of aerosols in the Marine Atmospheric Boundary Layer (MABL) of Bay of Bengal (BoB) and Arabian Sea (AS) has been studied during the spring and inter-monsoon (March-May 2006) based on the analysis of water soluble constituents (Na+, NH4+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl-, NO3- and SO42-), crustal elements (Al, Fe, and Ca) and carbonaceous species (EC, OC). The total suspended particulates (TSP) ranged from 5.2 to 46.6 μg m-3 and 8.2 to 46.9 μg m-3 during the sampling transects in the BoB and AS respectively. The water-soluble species, on average, accounted for 44% and 33% of TSP over BoB and AS respectively, with dominant contribution of SO42- over both the oceanic regions. However, distinct differences with respect to elevated abundances of NH4+ in the MABL of BoB and that of Na+ and Ca2+ in AS are clearly evident. The non-sea-salt component of SO42- ranging from 82 to 98% over BoB and 35 to 98% over AS; together with nss-Ca2+/nss-SO42- equivalent ratios 0.12 to 0.5 and 0.2 to 1.16, respectively, provide evidence for the predominance of anthropogenic constituents and chemical transformation processes occurring within MABL. The concentrations of OC and EC average around 1.9 and 0.4 μg m-3 in BoB and exhibit a decreasing trend from north to south; however, abundance of these carbonaceous species are not significantly pronounced over AS. The abundance of Al, used as a proxy for mineral aerosols, varied from 0.2 to 1.9 μg m-3 over BoB and AS, with a distinctly different spatial pattern - decreasing north to south in BoB in contrast to an increasing pattern in the Arabian Sea

Programmable Electronic Delay Device for Detonator

Delay devices are used to perform various roles like aiding in sequential release of payload, providing safety in flight/ trajectory, enabling self-destruction of ammunitions, allowing blast of the warhead after penetration in runway/bunker, etc. The delay time is introduced to cause a series of detonation events from the explosive charge, in order to achieve desired efficiency. Inspite of many improvements performed along the years, in search of precise delay compositions, it is noticed that the obtained accuracy in chemical delay compositions is of ±4%.The present work using microcontroller gives possible accuracy of upto ±1%.This paper discusses about programmable electronic delay device, timing accuracy of electronic delay device and its merits over chemical delay devices.Defence Science Journal, 2013, 63(3), pp.305-307, DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.63.288

Protective effect of Picrorhiza kurroa on Alzheimer’s disease induced by aluminium chloride in rats

Background: Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive deterioration together with declining activities of daily living and behavioural changes. The present work is aimed to investigate the effect of methanolic extract of rhizomes of Picrorhiza kurroa against aluminum chloride induced Alzheimer’s disease.Methods: Wistar rats were selected in this study and were divided into 5 groups (6 each). Group I served as normal control. Group II received aluminum chloride (300mg/kg, P.O.). Group III and IV received ethanolic extract of Picrorhiza kurroa (200mg/kg, 400mg/kg, P.O. respectively) and inducing agent (AlCl3 300mg/kg, P.O.). Group V received rivastigmine (0.3mg/kg, I.P.) and inducing agent (AlCl3 300mg/kg, P.O.). The rats were given respective treatment for 20 days and behavioural parameters were determined on 20th day. After 20th day rats were sacrificed and anti-oxidant parameters, brain acetylcholinesterase content were determined.Results: Oral administration of ethanolic extract of Picrorhiza kurroa at doses 200, 400mg/kg body weight showed improve in behavioural parameters when compared to AlCl3 induced rats, showed increase in superoxide dismutase, catalase, reduced glutathione and decreased levels of malondialdehyde and showed decrease in brain acetylcholinesterase content when compared to AlCl3 induced rats.Conclusions: The study clearly demonstrated the beneficial effects of Picrorhiza kurroa by improving biochemical and behavioural parameters

Origin of Quasi-Periodic Pulsation at the Base of Kink Unstable Jet

We study a blowout jet that occurs at the west limb of the Sun on August 29$^{th}$, 2014 using high-resolution imaging/spectroscopic observations provided by SDO/AIA and IRIS. An inverse $\gamma$-shape flux-rope appears before the jet{--} morphological indication of the onset of kink instability. The twisted field lines of kink-unstable flux-rope reconnect at its bright knot and launch the blowout jet at $\approx$06:30:43 UT with an average speed of 234 km s$^{-1}$. Just after the launch, the northern leg of the flux rope erupts completely. The time-distance diagrams show multiple spikes or bright dots, which is the result of periodic fluctuations, i.e., quasi-periodic fluctuations (QPPs). The wavelet analysis confirms that QPPs have a dominant period of $\approx$ 03 minutes. IRIS spectra (Si~{\sc iv}, C~{\sc ii}, and Mg~{\sc ii}) may also indicate the occurrence of magnetic reconnection through existence of broad $\&$ complex profiles and bi-directional flows in the jet. Further, we have found that line broadening is periodic with a period of $\approx$ 03 minutes, and plasma upflow is always occurs when the line width is high, i.e., multiple reconnection may produce periodic line broadening. The EM curves also show the same period of $\approx$ 03 minutes in different temperature bins. The images and EM show that this jets spire is mainly cool (chromospheric/transition region) rather than hot (coronal) material. Further, line broadening, intensity, and EM curves have a period of $\approx$03 minutes, which strongly supports that multiple magnetic reconnection triggers QPPs in the blowout jet.Comment: The Astrophysical Journal (In press), 25 pages, 12 figure

A Revised Novel Approach of Ischemic Stroke through Thrombolytic Therapy and Thrombectomy

This comprehensive overview analyses the development of ischemic stroke therapy, emphasizing the critical significance that thrombolytic therapy and thrombectomy techniques have played. With a particular set of difficulties, thrombolytic therapy tissue plasminogen activator, or tPA has revolutionized acute stroke care by breaking up clots in a crucial window of time. Simultaneously, thrombectomy has become a revolutionary intervention, especially for large-vessel occlusions, offering a localized, effective approach and expanding therapy windows. This review guides you through the historical events, technological developments, and continuing research that have shaped these methods. The importance of individualized treatment plans, the use of telemedicine, and the bright future prospects for the management of ischemic strokes are emphasized

Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Rosemary: An In-depth Review of its Pharmacological Properties

The pharmacological effects of rosemary plant period a wide range and include anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Rosemary is shown to have its potential on Ischemic stroke because of its Anti-oxidant and Anti-inflammatory properties. It contains strong antioxidants such carnosol, which has anti-inflammatory properties, and Rosmarinus acid, which fights oxidative stress. Rosemary is an attractive possibility for treating disorders like oxidative-related diseases because of its dual activity. Additionally, Rosemary has shown neuroprotective qualities that aid in maintaining brain health and cognitive function. The aromatic components in its essential oil may improve concentration and memory. Rosemary has also been investigated for its potential in hair care, with research indicating that it can encourage hair growth. These rosemary Officinalis also have different chemical substances and compounds like Terpenes, Essential oils, Bicyclic monoterpenes, Monoterpenoids, Ester and also, we have different pharmacological activates they are Anti-oxidative, Anti-inflammatory, Anti-microbial, Anti-obesity, Anti-fungal, Anti-cancer, Anti-diabetic, Cardiovascular activity, Skin health, Neuroprotective, Gastrointestinal, Sperm motility, Anti-depressant, Anti-viral activity

Structural insights on TRPV5 gating by endogenous modulators.

TRPV5 is a transient receptor potential channel involved in calcium reabsorption. Here we investigate the interaction of two endogenous modulators with TRPV5. Both phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2) and calmodulin (CaM) have been shown to directly bind to TRPV5 and activate or inactivate the channel, respectively. Using cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), we determined TRPV5 structures in the presence of dioctanoyl PI(4,5)P2 and CaM. The PI(4,5)P2 structure reveals a binding site between the N-linker, S4-S5 linker and S6 helix of TRPV5. These interactions with PI(4,5)P2 induce conformational rearrangements in the lower gate, opening the channel. The CaM structure reveals two TRPV5 C-terminal peptides anchoring a single CaM molecule and that calcium inhibition is mediated through a cation-π interaction between Lys116 on the C-lobe of calcium-activated CaM and Trp583 at the intracellular gate of TRPV5. Overall, this investigation provides insight into the endogenous modulation of TRPV5, which has the potential to guide drug discovery