Cultural Values of Tamil people

Sangam literature is a symbol of Tamil culture. The people of the Sangam period demonstrated individual morality and done best activities in society by following certain codes in life. Culture is materially defined by the nature of an individual and the activities of the society to which he belongs. In this article the internal, external and social life of Tamil people are explained. Tamil culture always has a unique place in human history. Although Tamil people lives under such two major divisions, they gave more importance to internal life. Culture is the way of life in the society, traditions, customs, social relations, scientific development, art and so on. On the basis of the culture both the association of the individual with the society and the perception of the society to the individual takes place. The purpose of this research paper is to explore the cultural values that are followed by Tamil people in the society

A facile synthesis of N-H-and N-substituted acridine-1,8-diones under sonic condition

Synthesis of an assembly of structurally important N-H- and N-substituted acridine-1,8-diones by CAN (ceric ammonium nitrate) catalysed one-pot four-component reaction of electron-deficient and electron-rich aromatic aldehydes and aromatic amines or ammonium acetate and dimedone or cyclohexyl-1,3-diones at 26°C under sonic condition is reported. The method is clean and energy efficient as it uses a greener method and an eco-friendly catalyst. © 2013 S. Sudha and M. A. Pasha

Ultrasound assisted synthesis of tetrahydrobenzocxanthene-11-ones using CAN as catalyst

Tetrahydrobenzocxanthenes-11-ones was synthesized by a three component reaction of α-naphthol, aromatic aldehyde and dimedone. Ceric ammonium nitrate acts as a suitable eco-friendly catalyst for this method. Shorter reaction duration, mild reaction condition and low cost make this protocol more effective

Ultrasound accelerated one-​pot five component reaction: a facile access to functionalized piperidines

A one-​pot five-​component coupling of aryl aldehydes, aryl amines and β-​keto ester affords functionalized piperidines I [R1 = C6H5, 4-​FC6H4, 3,​4,​5-​(OCH3)​3C6H2; R2 = C6H5, 4-​CH3C6H4; R3 = CH3, CH2CH3] under sonication (35 kHz) is developed. Cerium trichloride acts as a good catalyst and ultrasound acts as an excellent rate accelerator for this reaction resulting in good yield of the products

Intensifying masculinity of sex ratios in India : new evidence 1981-1991

We use data from the 1981 and 1991 censuses of India to examine (a) sex ratios among infants aged under 2, (b) child mortality (q5) by sex, and (c) estimated period sex ratios at birth (SRB) calculated by reverse survival methods, to see whether bias against female children persists during development and fertility decline, and whether techniques of prenatal sex determination and abortion of female foetuses are spreading in India as elsewhere in Asia. In 1981, rural and urban infancy sex ratios and estimated SRB for most states appear within the ‘normal’ range (104-106 males/100 females). However, urban Punjab, Haryana, Chandigarh and Jammu and Kashmir in the North / North-West zone appear masculine (108 or more). In 1991 however, these North / North-Western urban areas show starkly masculine SRB’s, as do the corresponding rural areas, Delhi, UP, and urban Gujarat, Bihar, Rajasthan, MP, Maharashtra, Assam and Arunachal Pradesh. Values reach as high as 118 for urban Punjab. The sex ratios of child mortality indicate that despite mortality declines, many regions that showed female disadvantage in 1981 continued to do so in 1991, and some areas worsened. Some Southern regions that showed ‘normal’ mortality sex ratios in 1981 now have ratios adverse to females in 1991. This increase in masculinity of period SRB’s indicates that the preference for male children in India is unchanged by fertility and mortality decline and socio-economic development. Since the increased masculinity is more in urban areas, which have higher literacy rates and better coverage of vital registration and health services, it suggests that the trend is due to the spread of prenatal sex determination and selective abortion of female foetuses rather than female under-registration or infanticide. The trend coexists with the excess female child mortality and female infanticide persisting in many parts of the country, for which we summarize evidence. In the aggregate, parents in India thus do not appear to be substituting prenatal for post-natal sex selection techniques

Prediction of Protein Tertiary Structure using Genetic Algorithm

Proteins are essential for the biological processes in the human body. They can only perform their functions when they fold into their tertiary structure .Protein structure can be determined experimentally and computationally. Experimental methods are time consuming and high-priced and it is not always feasible to identify the protein structure experimentally. In order to predict the protein structure using computational methods, the problem is formulated as an optimization problem and the goal is to find the lowest free energy conformation. In this paper, Genetic Algorithm (GA) based optimization is used. This algorithm is adapted to search the protein conformational search space to find the lowest free energy conformation. Interestingly, the algorithm was able to find the lowest free energy conformation for a test protein (i.e. Met enkephalin) using ECEPP force fields

Language and Life of Sangam People

A non-linguistic human race cannot exist anywhere on earth, animals and even birds have developed their own language in the form of sound. A human cannot be freed from language even for a singke moment. The reason behind is that without language a man cannot think. Language is a natural product of human society, and language is a medium that can be used for the exchange of ideas between people. Knowledge of vernacular is also essential in today's world to communicate with people of different linguistic backgrounds who may be living in different parts of the world. It is the nature of every person born in the world to respect their mother in a high place and that is why it is natural to consider anything that enriches the life of the people as equal to the mother. Birds and animals communicate with each other through certain sounds and their emotions such as fear and desire are expressed through sounds and it varies according to different situations. So, it is not possible for birds and animals to express ideas clearly. Among the creatures living on earth, only human beings are in a position to convey feelings and ideas to others accurately. Thus, language is the basic tool for communication between the human beings