Female Language in ‘Udaipadum Mounakkal’ - Short Story Collection

Literature does not encourage gender inequalities. Inequalities among the poets generally decide the language of the literature. Generally, women are considered to be different types of the concept of men. These types of irrational thoughts still exist. Still men feel that it is inappropriate to talk about women’s issues. If a woman declares her thoughts and feelings by herself, it’s called as feminine. Men cannot withstand some of the pains which can be endured only by women. These pains should be revealed by woman in the writing form. Feminism can be classified into three types namely, 1) write against men, 2) woman should reveal her pain through the writing skills of men, and 3) to establish an own writing method with heart. Of all the three types, only third type can be effectively used by woman to ascertain her needs. There are only four literatures have taken for this article. The main objective of this article is to reveal the men’s ideology about portraying women only on the basis of colour, shape and not to think beyond these two

In Vitro Antioxidant and Free Radical Scavenging activities of Various Solvent Extracts of Marsdenia Brunoniana

The various solvent extracts of Marsdenia brunoniana was prepared and evaluated for its in vitro antioxidant, free radical scavenging and in vitro alpha glucosidaseand alpha amylase inhibitory activities. Amongst the various solvent extracts of M.brunoniana, ethanol extract shows more pronounced activity while comparing with remaining solvent extracts. Hence, the ethanolic extract of Marsdenia brunoniana has been studied for the toxicological, antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic and nephroprotective activities in STZ-NAA induced diabetic animals. And the acute toxicity results revealed that the extract did not produce any motility to toxic effects even at maximum dose administered. Subacute toxicity study also explored the non-toxic nature of the extract. Further, the extract was subjected to various studies like glucose uptake assay, DNA protection assay and in vitro cytotoxic assay. The results obtained in these studies revealed that the extract is significantly increases the glucose uptake and it protects the DNA and it also did not produce any cytotoxic activity at the tested dose levels. The Preliminary phytochemical analysis, HPLC, HPTLC and GC-MS analysis of EEMB also revealed the presence of many phytochemical compounds such as flavonoids, phenols, methyl-α-D-Glucopyranoside, 4-C-methyl-Myo-Inositol, n-hexadecanoic acid, phytol, rutin, quercetin, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, gallic acid and which are having pronounced biological effects. The EEMB significantly reduces the elevated level of glucose in blood and level of lipid profile in diabetic persuaded animals. At the same time it is able to increase the insulin secretion, restore the antioxidant enzyme system and prevent the weight loss in diabetic animals. It also has the incredible effect on reducing the glycosylated hemoglobin level in diabetic induced animals

Technical Efficiency and its Determinants in Tomato Production in Karnataka, India: Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) Approach

Low productivity in agriculture is mainly due to the inability of the farmers to exploit the available technologies fully, resulting in lower efficiencies of production. The present study has estimated the technical and scale efficiencies of tomato-producing farms in Karnataka, considering different production levels and has identified the determining factors of their technical efficiency. The study is based on the data collected from the major tomato-producing regions of Karnataka, viz. Kolar and Bangalore rural districts of Karnataka, under three-production situations, viz. small, medium and large farms. Data Envelopment analysis (DEA) and log linear regression models have been used for estimating the technical efficiency and its determining factors, respectively. The study has indicated that most of the farms irrespective of size of holding have shown technical inefficiency problems. The medium farmers have been observed with best measures of technical efficiency, which has been explained by factors such as the land and labour productivity and education. Though medium farmers have been found efficient, with higher yields, it is the small farmers who have emerged as price-efficient producers in terms of lower cost on production (Rs 1.72/kg compared to Rs 2.01 in medium farms and Rs 1.85 in large farms) and higher unit profit. Most of the farms have been observed to have potential to expand production and productivity, increasing technical efficiency as majority have been performing with increasing returns to scale.Agricultural and Food Policy,

Marketing Losses and Their Impact on Marketing Margins: A Case Study of Banana in Karnataka

The explicit evaluation of the post-harvest losses at different stages of marketing and their impact on farmers’ net price, marketing costs, margins and efficiency have been presented. It has been found that the existing methods tend to overstate the farmers’ net price and marketing margins of intermediaries. In fact, the margin of the retailers’ after taking into account the physical loss during retailing has been found to be negative (loss), which otherwise, was positive (profit) in the conventional estimation. Similarly, the producers’ net share and wholesalers’ margins also decrease substantially. It has been shown that marketing efficiency is inversely proportional to the marketing losses. The co-operative marketing has been found to be a more efficient system in terms of both operations and price. Marketing cost has been identified as the major constraint in the wholesale marketing channel and bringing down the costs, particularly the commission charges as demonstrated in the co-operative channel, will help in reducing the price-spread and increasing the producers’ margin. The need for specialized transport vehicles for perishable commodities has been highlighted.Crop Production/Industries, Marketing,

Local Invariants and Pairwise Entanglement in Symmetric Multi-qubit System

Pairwise entanglement properties of a symmetric multi-qubit system are analyzed through a complete set of two-qubit local invariants. Collective features of entanglement, such as spin squeezing, are expressed in terms of invariants and a classifcation scheme for pairwise entanglement is proposed. The invariant criteria given here are shown to be related to the recently proposed (Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 120502 (2005)) generalized spin squeezing inequalities for pairwise entanglement in symmetric multi-qubit states.Comment: 9 pages, 2 figures, REVTEX, Replaced with a published versio

Maternal body mass index in outcome of pregnancy

Background: The increasing prevalence of obesity in young women is a major public health concern. These trends have a major impact on pregnancy outcomes in these women, which have been documented by several researchers. The objective of this study was to assess antenatal, intra-partum complications, perinatal outcome in pregnant women with high BMI.Methods: A total number of 100 cases were included in the study out of which, 50 cases were pregnant women with high BMI (> or = 30 kg/m2), 50 were pregnant women with normal BMI (20-24 kg/m2). Their pregnancy outcome were observed and compared. The outcome variables evaluated in study were rates of preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, cesarean delivery, failed induction, operative vaginal deliveries, birth weight, and postpartum infection.Results: Most of the patients that is, 60% of obese group and 68% of control group were between 20-25years, 28% of obese group and 8% of control group were between 31-35years. In our study most of the patients, 66% of obese group and 56% of control group were primiparas, whereas 34% of obese and 44% of normal group were multipara. There is a fourfold increase in the incidence of pre-eclampsia in the obese group compared to normal BMI group. Incidence of gestational diabetes is 2% in normal group compared to 8% in obese group that is fourfold increase in incidence in obese group. Pre-term labor is 8% among obese and 2% among control groups, a significant increase. Incidence of induction of labor is doubled in obese group, incidence being 20% in control group and 40% in obese group. Incidence of instrumental delivery is 14% in obese group and 6% in control group. 32% of obese group underwent cesarean section when compared to 12% of control group. The incidence of cesarean section is 3times higher in obese group. Macrosomia is the most common complication observed in the study, the incidence being 22% in obese group and 2% in control group. There is increase in incidence by eleven fold. Incidence of low APGAR score is increased by twofold.Conclusions: Maternal BMI shows strong associations with pregnancy complications and outcome. Both maternal and fetal complications are increased

Fetal and maternal outcomes among pregnant women with placental abruption associated with disseminated intravascular coagulation attending a rural tertiary care centre

Background: Placental abruption is the separation of the placenta from the uterine wall before the delivery of the fetus, and its frequency varies between 0.4 and 1%. The objective of this study was to determine risk factors and maternal and fetal complications in cases of abruptio placentae.Methods: A record-based study was conducted in the Obstetrics and Gynaecology department at a rural tertiary care centre between January 2015 and December 2019. All 72 pregnant women admitted with suspicion of placental abruption at 28 weeks of gestation and beyond were included in the study. All data were retrieved from the maternity register, patient files. The maternal outcome was assessed by mode of delivery, need for blood transfusion, parity, and any complications. Neonatal outcome was assessed by neonatal intensive care unit admission, still and live births. Data collected was entered and analysed by using coGuide software.Results: A total of 72 subjects were included in the final analysis. Most 58 (81%) of them were 21-30 years old. Forty-three patients (59.72%) were diagnosed to be preeclamptic. Forty-three (59.72%) of them had a vaginal delivery. Out of 72, 66 (91.67%) patients did not have any maternal complications. Most 41 (56.94%) births were stillbirths, and only 7 (9.72%) newborns required intensive care unit (ICU) admission.Conclusions: Placental abruption is one of the major threats to the well-being of pregnant women, with an alarmingly high rate of 41 (56.94%) stillbirths

Quantum discord and classical correlation can tighten the uncertainty principle in the presence of quantum memory

Uncertainty relations capture the essence of the inevitable randomness associated with the outcomes of two incompatible quantum measurements. Recently, Berta et al. have shown that the lower bound on the uncertainties of the measurement outcomes depends on the correlations between the observed system and an observer who possesses a quantum memory. If the system is maximally entangled with its memory, the outcomes of two incompatible measurements made on the system can be predicted precisely. Here, we obtain a new uncertainty relation that tightens the lower bound of Berta et al., by incorporating an additional term that depends on the quantum discord and the classical correlations of the joint state of the observed system and the quantum memory. We discuss several examples of states for which our new lower bound is tighter than the bound of Berta et al. On the application side, we discuss the relevance of our new inequality for the security of quantum key distribution and show that it can be used to provide bounds on the distillable common randomness and the entanglement of formation of bipartite quantum states.Comment: v1: Latex, 4 and half pages, one fig; v2: 9 pages including 4-page appendix; v3: accepted into Physical Review A with minor change

Histochemical procedures for characterizing the crustacean yolk

Histochemical studies on yolk formation in crustaceans not only reveal the chemical nature of various yolk substances but also provide information on the temporal pattern of yolk accumulation and their spatial distribution. In crustaceans the accumulation of yolk material starts with the dispersion of nucleolar extrusions in the ooplasm. The yolk protein to be detected first in the ooplasm is in general glyeolipoprotein in nature. This is followed by the accumulation of a glyeolipoprotein substance that is presumed to be originating from extra-owftaa sources