看護学生の認知症高齢者との関係 : 印象に残っている場面での気持ちに焦点をあてて

老年看護学実習において,認知症高齢者とのコミュニケーションや関係で印象に残っている場面で,看護学生が感じた気持ちの特徴をみた.その結果,《認知症と患者・家族を理解した》《うれしかった》《患者のために現状を何とかしたい》など肯定的な気持ちが7カテゴリー,《困った》《驚いた》《辛かった》など否定的な気持ちが6カテゴリー,その他の気持ちが4カテゴリーであり,計17カテゴリーとなった.約半数の看護学生は肯定的な気持ちを感じており,その内には《患者のために現状を何とかしたい》と答えた学生もいた.しかし,認知症高齢者との関係で《困った》学生が最も多かった.このことから,今後,認知症の症状や具体的な対応の仕方をイメージできるように実習前に演習を行う.また,臨地実習では学生が困難に感じた場面で,具体的な状況,高齢者の気持ち,対処方法などを考えさせるよう指導し,看護学生にコミュニケーション技術の習得を促す

転写現象の方程式

The ratio of some gene-transcripts in the thymus of mouse had a maximum with aging. A second order differential equation, x + 2 ak+ bx = bD , could be used to analyze such measurements. This equation resembled one used in a damped harmonic oscillator, then, it was supposed that the quantities of transcripts increased and decreased repeatedly in time-course under the influence of some factors. The general solution of abovementioned differential equation took the form x = Ce^-a1 cos( √t + β)+ D in the case of b —a ＾2＞0 or x - Ae^-(a+√)t + B e^-(a-√)t + D in b — a^ 2 ＜ 0. The ratios of interleukin2(IL2),4(IL4), T cell receptor fl-chain(TCRβ), immunoglobulin E(IgE) and M(IgM)-transcripts were measured in the thymus of mice by realtime PCR. LogIL4/TCRβ and logIgE/IgM increased rapidly from birth to about 50 days and then decreased, namely had maximums. Otherwise, logIL2/ TCRβ increased slightly after birth and remained constantly. The calculated values by the equation using adequate parameters were in fair agreement with those measure

老年看護学実習での高齢者とのコミュニケーションにおける教育課題

本研究では,看護学生の実習中における高齢者とのコミュニケーションに焦点をあてて,全領域の臨地実習終了後の調査をまとめた.その結果,看護学生が高齢者とのコミュニケーションにおいて工夫した内容で最も多かったのは[接し方]であり,『患者の目線で語す』『挨拶をきちんとする』等,基本的コミュニケーション技術を使いながら高齢者とかかわっていた.実習指導者や教員に指導を希望する内容としては,「自虐的な言葉や『死にたい』などといわれた時,どうすればよいか」等の具体的な対処方法や,「信頼関係の築き方」「敬語の使い方」「間の取り方」が多かった.以上の事から,今後は看護学生に対して,個別に患者とのかかわり方についての継続的支援を行いながら,基本的コミュニケーション方法の具体的指導を強化する課題を得た

Microscale Heterogeneous Distribution and Speciation of Phosphorus in Soils Amended with Mineral Fertilizer and Cattle Manure Compost

Global concerns for the sustainability of agriculture have emphasized the need to reduce the use of mineral fertilizer. Although phosphorus (P) is accumulated in farmland soils due to the long-term application of fertilizer, most soil P is not readily available to plants. The chemical speciation of P in soils, which comprise heterogeneous microenvironments, cannot be evaluated with a high degree of specificity using only macroscopic analyses. In this study, we investigated the distribution and speciation of P accumulated in soils by using both macro- and microscopic techniques including chemical extraction, solution and solid-state 31P NMR, bulk- and micro- P K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). Soil samples were collected from a field in which cabbage was cultivated under three amendment treatments: i) mineral fertilizer (NPK), ii) mineral fertilizer and compost (NPK + compost), and iii) mineral fertilizer plus compost but without nitrogen fertilizer (PK + compost). Macro-scale analyses suggested that accumulated P was predominantly inorganic P and associated with Al-bearing minerals. The repeated application of compost to the soils increased the proportion of P associated with Ca which accounted for 17% in the NPK + compost plot and 40% in the PK + compost plot. At the microscale, hot spots of P were heterogeneously distributed, and P was associated with Fe and Ca in hot spots of the NPK + compost (pH 6) and PK + compost (pH 7) treated samples, respectively. Our results indicate that application of compost contributed to creating diverse microenvironments hosting P in these soils

Bacterial composition at the genus level in gut microbiota samples obtained from HC40 and MS20 subjects.

<p>For genus-level assignment of 16S reads (16S rRNA gene V1-V2 region) mapped to the known FL-16S sequences and unmapped OTUs (see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0137429#sec010" target="_blank">Results</a>), 94% sequence identity threshold was applied. The vertical axis represents the relative abundance (%) of each genus in the microbiota of HC40 (open bar) and MS20 (grey bar) subjects. Error bars represent standard error of the mean. Asterisks indicate statistical significance determined by Welch’s <i>t</i> test (*P < 0.05).</p