A rare case of term viable abdominal pregnancy with review of literature

Abdominal pregnancies are rare types of ectopic pregnancies with high rates of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Abdominal pregnancy accounts for up to 1.4% of ectopic pregnancies. We report a case of term live abdominal pregnancy without malformation with implantation of the placenta into the uterus and anterior abdominal wall, discovered during a planned obstetric hysterectomy indicated for placenta accreta. Abdominal pregnancy is a serious and potential life-threatening condition. Diagnosis and management can be difficult especially in developing countries. A high index of suspicion is key for timely diagnosis and intervention to prevent life-threatening complications

Air Pollution in The Industrial Areas of Temple City, Bhubaneswar, And Various Measures for It

The presence of pollutants that are hazardous to the environment, human health, and the health of other living things is referred to as air pollution. Air pollution is also brought on by natural disasters like wildfires, volcanic eruptions, and sand/dust storms. All greenhouse gases emitted from various sources contribute to pollution. The majority of cities are polluted by PM2.5 and PM10. Many cities have SO2 and NO2 levels that are below the legal limit. There are a variety of poisons in the air, but PM2.5 is the most dangerous of them all. Monitoring pollutant gas levels on a regular basis can help with air pollution control. According to regional coefficients of variation, PM10 has greater variability than PM2.5, and this variability is stronger in traffic-affected inner city environments than in suburban places.  The manufacturing, construction, energy, and mining industries of Bhubaneswar are particularly prone to releasing air pollutants. These may include particulate matter (PM), sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and other hazardous chemicals.  The federal government and municipalities have implemented a number of initiatives to combat air pollution. These include putting into effect car emission rules, encouraging the use of cleaner fuels, and creating programmes to cut industrial emissions. The government is also focusing on expanding green space, enhancing public transit, and raising public awareness of the significance of lowering air pollution

Effect of Two Different Doses of Intravenous Phenylephrine on the Prevention of Oxytocin Induced Hypotension in Lower Segment Caesarean Section Under Subarachnoid Block: A Randomised Controlled Study

Introduction: Postpartum haemorrhage with an atonic uterus is one of the leading causes of maternal mortality during Lower Segment Caesarean Section (LSCS) in nearly 50% of cases. Oxytocin is the most commonly administered drug for achieving post-delivery adequate uterine contractions and placenta expulsion, thereby preventing postpartum haemorrhage. Coadministration of phenylephrine during LSCS under spinal anaesthesia inhibits Oxytocin-induced hypotension. Aim: To compare the effectiveness of co-administration of two different doses of phenylephrine with oxytocin in preventing the incidence of Oxytocin-induced hypotension. Materials and Methods: A randomised, double-blinded controlled trial was in the Department of Anaesthesiology, SMS Medical College and Attached Group of Hospitals, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India from August 2021 to July 2022, involving 120 parturients with American Society of Anaesthelsiologists (ASA) grade second undergoing LSCS under subarachnoid block. They were randomised into three groups: Group A received oxytocin 3U with normal saline, Group B received Oxytocin 3U with Phenylephrine 50 mcg, and Group C received Oxytocin 3U with Phenylephrine 75 mcg administered intravenously over five minutes after the baby’s extraction. The incidence of hypotension, requirement for the total rescue dose of Phenylephrine, and side effects were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Chi-square test. Results: Demographic parameters such as age, height, weight, gestational age, and duration of surgery were comparable in all groups. The incidence of hypotension (Group A (Control): 77.5%, Group B (PE50): 47.5%, Group C (PE75): 22.5%, p<0.001), lowest Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) after Oxytocin infusion (Group A: 67.80±6.16 mmHg, Group B: 68.23±3.96 mmHg, Group C: 72.50±5.87 mmHg, p<0.001), dose of rescue vasopressor requirements (Group A: 75.5±56.61, Group B: 40±50.89, Group C: 17.50±34.99, p<0.001), and incidence of side effects were significantly lower in Group C compared to Group B and Group A. Conclusion: Compared to Phenylephrine 50 mcg, the coadministration of Phenylephrine 75 mcg with Oxytocin 3U reduces the incidence of Oxytocin-induced hypotension and the need for rescue vasopressors during LSCS under subarachnoid block

Reaching the unreached: Mobile surgical camps in a remote village of Himachal Pradesh

Aims: The aim was to study the epidemiological factors responsible for pelvic organ prolapse (POP) in poor women of the remote village Shillai, do their POP quantification staging, to study the variety of surgeries conducted in mobile surgical camps in this area. Materials and Methods: Retrospective analysis of surgeries conducted in five mobile surgical camps in Shillai, Himachal Pradesh from 2009 to 2013, under "Project Prolapse". Results: A total number of surgeries conducted in five camps from 2009 to 2013 were 490 including 192 gynecological surgeries. Eighty-two percent of gynecological surgery was conducted for POP. Poor nutritional status (mean weight 41.1 kg), multiparty (mean 3.5), early marriage (mean age 18.2 years), unassisted home deliveries (100%), premature bearing down (23.8%), early postpartum resumption of strenuous activity (54.7%) and smoking (33%) contribute to the high incidence of POP. Anterior compartment prolapse was seen in 99% of patients undergoing surgery while posterior compartment prolapse was seen in 4% of patients. Vaginal hysterectomy with anterior repair with culdoplasty was the most common procedure performed (73.4%), and vault suspension was done in 3.6% subjects. The complication rate was negligible. Conclusion: Uterovaginal prolapse is not only socially embarrassing and disabling; its surgical treatment is complex and costly too. The free mobile surgical camps under "Project Prolapse" in Shillai, Himachal Pradesh has provided relief to old neglected, disabled women suffering from prolapse in this remote village. Parallel counseling of women and dais for safe hospital delivery and training subordinates in prolapse surgery may help in addressing the problem of POP in this area in the long run

Reaching the unreached: Mobile surgical camps in a remote village of Himachal Pradesh

Aims: The aim was to study the epidemiological factors responsible for pelvic organ prolapse (POP) in poor women of the remote village Shillai, do their POP quantification staging, to study the variety of surgeries conducted in mobile surgical camps in this area. Materials and Methods: Retrospective analysis of surgeries conducted in five mobile surgical camps in Shillai, Himachal Pradesh from 2009 to 2013, under "Project Prolapse". Results: A total number of surgeries conducted in five camps from 2009 to 2013 were 490 including 192 gynecological surgeries. Eighty-two percent of gynecological surgery was conducted for POP. Poor nutritional status (mean weight 41.1 kg), multiparty (mean 3.5), early marriage (mean age 18.2 years), unassisted home deliveries (100%), premature bearing down (23.8%), early postpartum resumption of strenuous activity (54.7%) and smoking (33%) contribute to the high incidence of POP. Anterior compartment prolapse was seen in 99% of patients undergoing surgery while posterior compartment prolapse was seen in 4% of patients. Vaginal hysterectomy with anterior repair with culdoplasty was the most common procedure performed (73.4%), and vault suspension was done in 3.6% subjects. The complication rate was negligible. Conclusion: Uterovaginal prolapse is not only socially embarrassing and disabling; its surgical treatment is complex and costly too. The free mobile surgical camps under "Project Prolapse" in Shillai, Himachal Pradesh has provided relief to old neglected, disabled women suffering from prolapse in this remote village. Parallel counseling of women and dais for safe hospital delivery and training subordinates in prolapse surgery may help in addressing the problem of POP in this area in the long run

SAtellite-based Marine Process Understanding, Development, Research and Applications for Blue Economy (SAMUDRA): A Technology Demonstration Program in the Bay of Bengal

SAtellite-based Marine Process Understanding, Development, Research and Applications (SAMUDRA) for blue economy, a technology development program of the Space Applications Centre, is an umbrella program covering research and applications geared toward physical and biological oceanography making use of current and future satellite observations for developing the nation’s blue economy. The main motivation behind this project was to develop satellite and numerical model-based information and value-added products and to demonstrate the implementation of developed applications for operational requirements. The program also aimed at improving existing methodologies for various applications by utilizing space-based inputs. Several field campaigns with the use of NavIC-enabled instruments and NABHMITRA were conducted for measuring biophysical parameters and validation of developed applications in the coastal regions. One of the key aspects of this project was development of web-based customized tools/dissemination system for providing the information to the end users. Some of the key/notable achievements of SAMUDRA were development of a portal OceanEye (tailor-made web-portal for Shipping Corporation of India), storm-surge/inundation system, oil-spill trajectory modeling, level-next potential fishing zone algorithm and rip current alert system