Implementation of security module to protect programme theft in microcontroller-based applications

Source code plagiarism has become a serious threat for the development of small scale embedded industries and also the violations of intellectual property right are a threat for the development of hardware system. There are many software solutions for comparing source codes, but they are often not realistic in the present scenario. Digital watermarking scheme is one of the possible solutions for this problem. A novel watermarking technique is employed so that it can be easily and reliably detected by special techniques. In this paper, verification methods are presented to detect software plagiarism in the embedded application software without the implemented source code. All the approaches use side-channel information obtained during the execution of the suspicious code. The primary method is passive, i.e. no previous modification of the original code is required. It determines that the Hamming weights of the executed instructions of the suspicious device are used and uses string matching algorithms for comparisons with a reference implementation. The other method inserts additional code fragments as a watermark that can be identified in the power consumption of the executed source code. Proposed approaches are robust against code-transformation attacks

Optimal acyclic edge colouring of grid like graphs

AbstractWe determine the values of the acyclic chromatic index of a class of graphs referred to as d-dimensional partial tori. These are graphs which can be expressed as the cartesian product of d graphs each of which is an induced path or cycle. This class includes some known classes of graphs like d-dimensional meshes, hypercubes, tori, etc. Our estimates are exact except when the graph is a product of a path and a number of odd cycles, in which case the estimates differ by an additive factor of at most 1. Our results are also constructive and provide an optimal (or almost optimal) acyclic edge colouring in polynomial time

Critical Success Factors For Supplier Selection: An Update

For many organizations effective supplier evaluation and purchasing processes are of vital importance. As the pace of market globalization quickens, the number of potential suppliers and the number of factors to consider when selecting suppliers increases. In this paper we present the critical success factors (CSFs) for supplier selection reported in the literature emanating from the seminal work of Dickson and provide an update based on reviewing more than 110 research papers. Our study indicates significant change in the relative importance of various critical success factors in the research reported during 1966-1990 versus 1990-2001. Increased competition and globalization of markets facilitated by Internet-based technologies have combined to dramatically change the ranking of factors while introducing new criteria to the supplier selection process. Based on the results of this study, we conclude that supplier selection criteria will continue to change based on an expanded definition of excellence to include traditional aspects of performance (quality, delivery, price, service) in addition to non-traditional, evolving ones (just-in-time communication, process improvement, supply chain management)

Analysis Of Single Server Queueing System With Batch Service Under Multiple Vacations With Loss And Feedback

Consider a single server queueing system with foxed batch service under multiple vacations with loss and feedback in which the arrival rate ? follows a Poisson process and the service time follows an exponential distribution with parameter ?. Assume that the system initially contain k customers when the server enters the system and starts the service in batch. The concept of feedback is incorporated in this model (i.e) after completion of the service, if this batch of customers dissatisfied then this batch may join the queue with probability q and with probability (1-q) leaves the system. This q is called a feedback probability. After completion of the service if he finds more than k customers in the queue then the first k customers will be taken for service and service will be given as a batch of size k and if he finds less than k customers in the queue then he leaves for a multiple vacation of exponential length ?. The impatient behaviour of customer is also studied in this model (i.e) the arriving customer may join the queue with probability p when the server is busy or in vacation. This probability p is called loss probability. This model is completely solved by constructing the generating function and Rouche’s theorem is applied and we have derived the closed form solutions for probability of number of customers in the queue during the server busy and in vacation. Further we are providing the analytical solution for mean number of customers and variance of the system. Numerical studies have been done for analysis of mean and variance for various values of ?, µ, ?, p, q and k and also various particular cases of this model have been discussed. Keywords : Single Server , Batch Service, Loss and Feedback,  Multiple vacations, Steady state distribution

Biodegradation and Bioconversion of Hydrocarbons

This book details three main topics: the screening and characterization of hydrocarbons from air, soil and water; tehnologies in the biodegradation of hydrocarbons; and the bioconversion of hydrocarbons for biofuel/chemicals, as well as recent developments in the remediation of hydrocarbons and their environmental benefits. The first section focusses on screening methods, qualitative and quantitative analysis of hydrocarbons from soil, air and water environments. The second section examines technologies for removing hydrocarbon contaminants from various environments, especially advanced technologies for the removal of hydrocarbons and in-situ and ex-situ remediation strategies and problems, as well as concrete case studies. The last section, covering the bioconversion of hydrocarbons for biofuel/chemicals highlights the biochemicals and bioproducts developed from hydrocarbons, with a particular focus on biochemical and chemical technologies used to produce biopolymers, biofuel precursors and commodity chemicals from hydrocarbons

Recycling of Solid Waste for Biofuels and Bio-chemicals

This book presents the latest advances in and current research perspectives on the field of urban/industrial solid waste recycling for bio-energy and bio-fuel recovery. It chiefly focuses on five main areas, namely bioreactor landfills coupled with energy and nutrient recovery; microbial insights into anaerobic digestion; greenhouse gas emission assessment; pyrolysis techniques for special waste treatment; and industrial waste stabilization options. In addition, it compiles the results of case studies and solid waste management perspectives from different countries

Analysis of Single Server Fixed Batch Service Queueing System under Multiple Vacation with Catastrophe

Consider a single server fixed batch service queueing system under multiple vacation with a possibility of catastrophe in which the arrival rate ? follows a Poisson process and the service time follows an exponential distribution with parameter ?. Further we assume that the catastrophe occur at the rate of ? which follows a Poisson process and the length of time the server in vacation follows an exponential distribution with parameter ?.  Assume that the system initially contains k customers when the server enters in to the system and starts the service immediately in a batch of size k. After completion of a service, if he finds less than k customers in the queue, then the server goes for a multiple vacation of length ?. If there are more than k customers in the queue then the first k customers will be selected from the queue and service will be given as a batch. We are analyzing the possibility of catastrophe that is whenever a catastrophe occurs in the system, all the customers who are in the system will be completely destroyed and system becomes an empty and server goes for a multiple vacation. This model is completely solved by constructing the generating function  and we have derived the closed form solutions for probability of number of customers in the queue during the server busy and in vacation. Further we are providing the analytical solution for mean number of customers and variance of the system. Numerical studies have been done for analysis of mean and variance of number of customers in the system for various values of ?, µ, ? and k and also various particular cases of this model have been discussed. Keywords: Single server queue , Fixed batch service , Catastrophe, Multiple vacation, Steady state distributio