Robust Visible Light Photoswitching with Ortho-Thiol Substituted Azobenzenes

Introduction of S-ethyl groups in all four ortho positions of azobenzene prevents reduction of the azo group by intracellular glutathione, while enhancing the absorptivity to ∼10000 M−1 cm−1 in the blue and green regions of the visible spectrum. cis-to-trans isomerization occurs thermally on the minutes timescale. Further, this substitution pattern permits switching with red light, a color that is more penetrating through biological tissues than other parts of the visible spectrum

Community Information Needs and Services Through Public Libraries in the Rice Bowl of Bengal\u27s : Problems and Proposals

Agricultural development in Rice Bowl is faced with new challenges and opportunities on food, nutrition, population and environment fronts. Public Libraries of Purba Bardhaman play a vital role to face these challenges by providing quick access to information. The Public libraries are conscious of improving the conditions through Community Information Centre (CIC) for fully utilizing information age technologies to collect, organize, and disseminate all types of information needed by the users they serve. Public libraries\u27 primary responsibilities include granting access to and safeguarding recorded knowledge for later use. In addition, they are in charge of disseminating necessary information to the neighborhood to aid residents in daily issue solving. One way that a public library serves the local community is through its Community Information Services (CIS). In the Purba Bardhaman area of West Bengal, the study covers the current function of public libraries, service issues, and solution suggestions for community information services. This research also covers how collaboration helps to agricultural activities for public libraries provide community information services (CIS)

Antimicrobial Potential of Bacteriocin from Lactococcus lactis RGUSCJ08 Against Uropathogens

Introduction: Urinary tract infections caused by uropathogens pose a significant global health challenge, often leading to antimicrobial resistance. Bacteriocins from lactic acid bacteria are emerging as promising alternatives to traditional antibiotics. This study isolates and evaluates a bacteriocin-producing Lactococcus lactis strain for its antimicrobial activity against uropathogens.Materials and Methods: Samples from women (18–24 years) were tested via the spot-on-lawn method, where supernatants were spotted against E.coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Enterococcus faecalis, and Klebsiella pneumonia. One sample showed inhibitory zones, suggesting the presence of a potential probiotic strain. The strain Lactococcus lactis RGUSCJ08 was identified using 16S rDNA sequencing, and used for bacteriocin production. The bacteriocin was purified through ammonium sulfate precipitation, dialysis, and FPLC. Using a spot assay to evaluate their antibacterial activity, purified bacteriocin samples were tested against uropathogens (Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pyogenes, Enterococcus faecalis, and Klebsiella pneumoniae). SEM analysis was performed to observe and highlight the bacteriocin\u27s mode of action against uropathogens. Results: RGUSCJ08 exhibited inhibitory activity against the tested pathogens except Escherichia coli. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed structural damage to the target pathogens, supporting its antimicrobial efficacy.Conclusion: The bacteriocin from Lactococcus lactis RGUSCJ08 shows significant potential as a natural antimicrobial agent against uropathogens. Its effectiveness and stability highlight its application in developing alternative therapies for multidrug-resistant infections. Further studies on its detailed mechanism of action and therapeutic applicability are warranted

A Secure Authentication Protocol for Multi-server-based e-Healthcare using a Fuzzy Commitment Scheme

Smart card-based remote authentication schemes are widely used in multi-medical-serverbased telecare medicine information systems (TMIS). Biometric is one of the most trustworthy authenticators, and is presently being advocated to use in the remote authentication of TMIS. However, most of the existing TMISs consider a single-server-environment-based authentication system. Therefore, patients need to register and log into every server separately for different services. Furthermore, these schemes do not employ error correction technique to remove the errors from biometric data. Also, biometrics are inherent and demand diversification to generate a revocable template from inherent biometric data. In this paper, we propose a mutual authentication and key agreement scheme for a multi-medical server environment to overcome the limitations of the existing schemes. In the proposed scheme, a cancelable transformation of the raw biometric data is used to provide the privacy and the diversification of biometric data. The errors of the biometric data are corrected with error-correction techniques under the fuzzy commitment mechanism. Formal security analysis using the widely accepted Real-Or-Random (ROR) model, the Burrows-Abadi-Needham (BAN) logic and the Automated Validation of Internet Security Protocols and Applications (AVISPA) tool concludes that the proposed scheme is safe against known attacks. We also compare the computation and communication costs of our scheme to evaluate the performance with the others

Noninnocent Azo-Aromatic Cobalt(II)-Catalyzed sp³ C–H Alkylation of Fluorenes with Alcohols

Herein, employing well-defined redox noninnocent cobalt(II) complexes an efficient sp3 C–H alkylation of fluorenes using alcohols as alkylating agents to result in alkylated fluorenes is reported. The catalytic protocol was versatile with various fluorenes and benzyl alcohols. It also showed very good functional group tolerance with both alcohols and fluorenes. Moreover, an efficient single-step and simultaneous di C–C as well as both C–C and the C–N alkylation reaction of fluorenes was observed with this catalytic protocol. Such selective single-step dialkylation of fluorenes is indeed beneficial. Several control experiments, deuterium labeling, and 1H NMR kinetic studies have revealed a ligand radical-based borrowing hydrogen mechanism involving the azo-aromatic complexes of cobalt as catalysts for the alkylation of fluorenes

Conservation and Preservation of Manuscripts in the Nazrul Academy Town Library: A Study and Proposal for their Modernization

ABSTRACT Presently information technology age, most of user’s are dependent on digital information, but we have to go to library for very rear and ancient information. Manuscripts are the major source of information to know about the historical facts, cultural heritage and bygone traditions of the previously. Libraries are the only safe place were preserved manuscripts, old records like hand written, poems, documents, letters etc. The manuscripts collection and preservation are influence to the human community, researcher can measure the usefulness of worth collection, who they are able to access them. The present study represents to conserve and preserve the available of manuscripts and rear documents of Kazi Nazrul Islam adopted at Nazrul Academy Town Library, West Bengal, India. The paper also highlights the present status and management of collection, services, staff strength, budget and policy of Nazrul Academy Town Library and find out the gap of awareness about the collection, which are facing many problems at the present time

On mercurous nitrite and a basic mercurous nitrate derivative

Mercurous nitrite, first reported by P C Ray in 1896, has a centrosymmetric structure with unsymmetrical nitrite chelation consistent with the hybridization of the metal-metal bond. When left in air with adhering mother liquor it is slowly transformed into a stable basic salt, Hg6(OH)2(NO3)4, having a centrosymmetric zigzag structure in which each of the OH group bridges two mercurous moieties and pairs of nitrate ions cap the terminal metal atoms. In both, relatively weak intermolecular Hg-O bonding is present in the lattice. The basic salt (n = 2) belongs to a homologous family of general formula Hg2{(OH)Hg2}n(NO3)n+2

Regioselective Knitting of Aniline <i>via ortho-</i>C−N Bond Fusion Using OsO₄ as a Template

Regioselective Knitting of Aniline via ortho-C−N Bond Fusion Using OsO4 as a Templat