The Use of Pomacea Canaliculata Snails in Feed to Improve Quality of Alabio Duck (Anas Plathyrinchos Borneo) Meat

This research was aimed to improve the physical and chemical quality of Alabio ducks which was fed with Pomacea canaliculata snails. Those ducks were raised intensively. There were nine treatments included R0 (control feed), R1 (control feed + 2.5% Pomacea canaliculata snails from swampy area), R2 (control feed + 5% Pomacea canaliculata snails from swampy area), R3 (control feed + 7.5% Pomacea canaliculata snails from swampy area) R4 (control feed + 10% Pomacea canaliculata snails from swampy area) R5 (control feed + 2.5% Pomacea canaliculata snails from tidal swampy area), R6 (control feed + 5% Pomacea canaliculata snails from tidal swampy area, R7 (control feed + 7.5% Pomacea canaliculata snails from tidal swampy area, and R8 (control feed + 10% Pomacea canaliculata snails from tidal swampy area. The variables observed included meat chemical and physical quality. A Completely Randomized Design was used in this study. Analysis of variance and Duncan\u27s multiple range test were used to analyze data. The research results revealed that using Pomacea canaliculata snails in duck feed had a significant effect (P<0.05) towards the physical characteristics (water holding capacity, cooking loss, and tenderness), and chemical characteristics of Alabio duck meat (water, protein, collagen, fat, and cholesterol content). However, there was no significant effect towards meat pH. It can be concluded that using 5% Pomacea canaliculata snails in a mixture of Alabio duck feed decreased cooking loss and meat cholesterol content

Pertumbuhan Populasi Daphnia Spp. Yang Diberi Pupuk Limbah Budidaya Karamba Jaring Apung (Kja) Di Waduk Cirata Yang Telah Difermentasi Em4

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pertumbuhan populasi Daphniaspp.yang dibudidayakan dalam media yang diberi pupuk yang berasal dari limbah budidaya Karamba Jaring Apung (KJA) yang berasal dari Waduk Cirata yang telah difermentasi terlebih dahulu menggunakan EM4.Sampel limbah diambil dari KJA di Waduk Cirata, Blok Cipanas Desa Calincing, Cianjur.Fermentasi limbah dan kultur Daphniaspp. dilakukan di Laboratorium Akuakultur Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan Universitas Padjadjaran. Penelitian dilaksanakan mulai bulan Agustus 2007 sampai dengan Desember 2007. Penelitian dilaksanakan menggunakan metode eksperimental, rancangan yang dipakai adalah rancangan acak lengkap dengan 6 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari : kotoran ayam 5 gr/L air sebagai kontrol, limbah budidaya tanpa difermentasi sebanyak 5 gr/L air; limbah budidaya yang telah difermentasi sebanyak 2,5 gr/L air; limbah budidaya yang telah difermentasi sebanyak 5 gr/L air; limbah budidaya yang telah difermentasi sebanyak 7,5 gr/L air dan limbah budidaya yang telah difermentasi sebanyak 10 gr/L air. Parameter yang diamati meliputi, laju pertumbuhan populasi, laju mortalitas populasi, kepadatan pada saat puncak populasi dan waktu mencapai puncak populasi serta kandungan nutrisi Daphnia spp hasil budidaya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan limbah budidaya KJA yang telah difermentasi EM4, sebanyak 10 gr/L air menghasilkan laju pertumbuhan sebesar 58,48% serta mortalitas sebesar 23,10%, dengan kepadatan populasi Daphniaspp. sebanyak 1541 ind./L yang dicapai pada hari kesepuluh, Nilai-nilai tersebut hampir sama dengan yang dihasilkan pada penggunaan kotoran ayam dengan nilai 60,01%, 27,80%, 1426 ind/L pada hari kesembilan secara berturut-turut

Pengembangan Fasilitas Wisata di Kawasan Pantai Pancer Door Kabupaten Pacitan

Kawasan Pantai Pancer Door ditetapkan sebagai kawasan wisata sejak tanggal 30 Desember 1997 dibawah pengelolaan Dinas Pariwisata dan Kebudayaan Kabupaten Pacitan. Rencana pengembangan pantai Pancer Door sebagai kawasan wisata mulai dilakukan oleh pemerintah daerah sejak tahun 2014 melalui penyusunan Rencana Tata Bangunan dan Lingkungan Pantai Teleng Ria dan Pancer Door Kabupaten Pacitan. Namun hingga saat ini, belum terlihat adanya Perubahan maupun pembangunan yang dilakukan, hal ini tentu tidak sejalan dengan tujuan pengembangan kawasan wisata pantai Pancer Door sesuai yang direncanakan. Salah satu aspek penting yang dapat menarik minat pengunjung untuk datang ke suatu lokasi wisata adalah ketersediaan fasilitas penunjang wisata, sehingga dibutuhkan adanya perancangan bangunan-bangunan fasilitas penunjang wisata di kawasan wisata pantai Pancer Door. Langkah pengembangan yang dilakukan meliputi pengadaan fasilitas akomodasi dan fasilitas penunjang wisata. Pengadaan fasilitas wisata ini didasarkan pada kebutuhan pengunjung yang meliputi kebutuhan akan fasilitas akomodasi, rekreasi dan olahraga. Perancangan dilakukan dengan cara melakukan pemrograman data eksisting, memetakan kebutuhan pengunjung serta meninjau komparasi objek wisata sejenis untuk menentukan kriteria dan konsep desain fasilitas yang akan dibangun. Selain perancangan bangunan fasilitas, juga dilakukan perencanaan lansekap meliputi penentuan zoning, penataan sirkulasi dan ruang terbuka hijau untuk memaksimalkan potensi kawasan wisata

Optimasi Kekasaran Permukaan Proses Pembubutan Baja ST.42 dengan Menggunakan Metode Taguchi

Minimal surface roughness value is the performance to be achieved in the process of CNC NLX 2500, is necessary to regulate variables NLX 2500 CNC process in order to obtain the proper response surface roughness of the workpiece is minimal.research that has been done is to determine the contribution of these variables NLX CNC process in 2500 to reduce the variation of the response surface roughness of the workpiece simultaneously. Moreover, it also made the determination that the proper setting of the variables NLX2500 CNC process in order to obtain the surface roughness of the workpiece is minimal.machining process variable is varied spindle rotation, motion eat, and in the funeral. The experimental design is determined based on the Taguchi method and form of orthogonal L9 (33). Optimization method is used Taguchi. The randomized trial with replication 2 times to overcome interference factors that occur during the machining process.the results showed that to reduce the variation of the response simultaneously, eat motion has the largest percent of the contribution, which amounted to 99.48%, spindle rotation has a percent contribution of 0.0974%, the feeds have a percent contribution of -0.126%.to obtain a surface roughness of the workpiece is minimal, spindle rotation is set at 2748 rpm, eating motion is set at 0.15 mm / rotation, the funeral was adjusted to 0.5 mm

Pengembangan Taman Rekreasi Tlogomas Dengan Strategi Pola Penataan Fasilitas

Dampak positif pengembangan pariwisata dapat dilihat dari hasil pembangunan sarana dan prasarana yang tersedia. Sarana dan prasarana pada Taman Rekreasi Tlogomas terlihat belum optimal akibat dari pola penataan yang kurang memaksimalkan fungsi terhadap luas lahan yang ada. Untuk memaksimalkan hal tersebut diperlukan kajian mengenai strategi pengembangan Taman Rekreasi Tlogomas guna mengetahui permasalahan dan pengembangan potensi objek Taman Rekreasi Tlogomas.Berdasarkan rencana tata ruang wilayah Kota Malang tahun 2010-2030 Taman Rekreasi Tlogomas termasuk dalam kawasan objek wisata yang diprioritaskan untuk dikembangkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi karakteristik Taman Rekreasi Tlogomas, mengetahui potensi dan masalah serta menyusun strategi pengembangan Taman Rekreasi Tlogomas. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah observasi lapangan, Actual versus Planned Performance Comparison (tinjauan komparasi), deduktif (analisis) dan induktif (sintesis). Sehingga pengembangan Taman Rekreasi Togomas dapat memiliki kaitan dengan pola penataan ulang tanpa harus memperparah kondisi sarana dan prasarana yang ada. Hasil studi penelitian ini adalah posisi strategi pengembangan Taman Rekreasi Tlogomas memiliki peluang dan kekuatan sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan. Strategi yang harus diterapkan dalam kondisi ini adalah mendukung kebijakan pertumbuhan agresif (Growth Oriented Strategy) yakni dengan strategi pengembangan pola penataan berbagai fasilitas dan sarana penunjang yang dibutuhkan pengunjung

Agronomic Management of Indigenous Mycorrhizas

Many of the advantages conferred to plants by arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) are associated to the ability of AM plants to explore a greater volume of soil through the extraradical mycelium. Sieverding (1991) estimates that for each centimetre of colonized root there is an increase of 15 cm3 on the volume of soil explored, this value can increase to 200 cm3 depending on the circumstances. Due to the enhancement of the volume of soil explored and the ability of the extraradical mycelium to absorb and translocate nutrients to the plant, one of the most obvious and important advantages resulting from mycorrhization is the uptake of nutrients. Among of which the ones that have immobilized forms in soil, such as P, assume particular significance. Besides this, many other benefits are recognized for AM plants (Gupta et al, 2000): water stress alleviation (Augé, 2004; Cho et al, 2006), protection from root pathogens (Graham, 2001), tolerance to toxic heavy metals and phytoremediation (Audet and Charest, 2006; Göhre and Paszkowski, 2006), tolerance to adverse conditions such as very high or low temperature, high salinity (Sannazzaro et al, 2006), high or low pH (Yano and Takaki, 2005) or better performance during transplantation shock (Subhan et al, 1998). The extraradical hyphae also stabilize soil aggregates by both enmeshing soil particles (Miller e Jastrow, 1992) and producing a glycoprotein, golmalin, which may act as a glue-like substance to adhere soil particles together (Wright and Upadhyaya, 1998). Despite the ubiquous distribution of mycorrhizal fungi (Smith and Read, 2000) and only a relative specificity between host plants and fungal isolates (McGonigle and Fitter, 1990), the obligate nature of the symbiosis implies the establishment of a plant propagation system, either under greenhouse conditions or in vitro laboratory propagation. These techniques result in high inoculum production costs, which still remains a serious problem since they are not competitive with production costs of phosphorus fertilizer. Even if farmers understand the significance of sustainable agricultural systems, the reduction of phosphorus inputs by using AM fungal inocula alone cannot be justified except, perhaps, in the case of high value crops (Saioto and Marumoto, 2002). Nurseries, high income horticulture farmers and no-agricultural application such as rehabilitation of degraded or devegetated landscapes are examples of areas where the use of commercial inoculum is current. Another serious problem is quality of commercial available products concerning guarantee of phatogene free content, storage conditions, most effective application methods and what types to use. Besides the information provided by suppliers about its inoculum can be deceiving, as from the usually referred total counts, only a fraction may be effective for a particular plant or in specific soil conditions. Gianinazzi and Vosátka (2004) assume that progress should be made towards registration procedures that stimulate the development of the mycorrhizal industry. Some on-farm inoculum production and application methods have been studied, allowing farmers to produce locally adapted isolates and generate a taxonomically diverse inoculum (Mohandas et al, 2004; Douds et al, 2005). However the inocula produced this way are not readily processed for mechanical application to the fields, being an obstacle to the utilization in large scale agriculture, especially row crops, moreover it would represent an additional mechanical operation with the corresponding economic and soil compaction costs. It is well recognized that inoculation of AM fungi has a potential significance in not only sustainable crop production, but also environmental conservation. However, the status quo of inoculation is far from practical technology that can be widely used in the field. Together a further basic understanding of the biology and diversity of AM fungi is needed (Abbott at al, 1995; Saito and Marumoto, 2002). Advances in ecology during the past decade have led to a much more detailed understanding of the potential negative consequences of species introductions and the potential for negative ecological consequences of invasions by mycorrhizal fungi is poorly understood. Schwartz et al, (2006) recommend that a careful assessment documenting the need for inoculation, and the likelihood of success, should be conducted prior to inoculation because inoculations are not universally beneficial. Agricultural practices such as crop rotation, tillage, weed control and fertilizer apllication all produce changes in the chemical, physical and biological soil variables and affect the ecological niches available for occupancy by the soil biota, influencing in different ways the symbiosis performance and consequently the inoculum development, shaping changes and upset balance of native populations. The molecular biology tools developed in the latest years have been very important for our perception of these changes, ensuing awareness of management choice implications in AM development. In this context, for extensive farming systems and regarding environmental and economic costs, the identification of agronomic management practices that allow controlled manipulation of the fungal community and capitalization of AM mutualistic effect making use of local inoculum, seem to be a wise option for mycorrhiza promotion and development of sustainable crop production

Zinc nutrition and arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis effects on maize (Zea mays L.) growth and productivity

Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient required to enhance crop growth and yield. In the arid – semiarid region, Zn deficiency is expected due to alkaline calcareous soil. Contrarily, Zn toxicity is also becoming an environmental concern due to increasing anthropogenic activities (metal smelting, copper industry, etc.). Therefore, balanced Zn application is necessary to save resources and achieve optimum crop growth and yield. Most scientists suggest biological approaches to overcome the problem of Zn toxicity and deficiency. These biological approaches are mostly environment-friendly and cost-effective. In these biological approaches, the use of arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi (AMF) symbiosis is becoming popular. It can provide tolerance to the host plant against Zn-induced stress. Inoculation of AMF helps in balance uptake of Zn and enhances the growth and yield of crops. On the other hand, maize (Zea mays L.) is an important cereal crop due to its multifarious uses. As maize is an effective host for mycorrhizae symbiosis, that's why this review was written to elaborate on the beneficial role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). The review aimed to glance at the recent advances in the use of AMF to enhance nutrient uptake, especially Zn. It was also aimed to discuss the mechanism of AMF to overcome the toxic effect of Zn. We have also discussed the detailed mechanism and physiological improvement in the maize plant. In conclusion, AMF can play an imperative role in improving maize growth, yield, and balance uptake of Zn by alleviating Zn stress and mitigating its toxicity

Ginseng and ginkgo biloba effects on cognition as modulated by cardiovascular reactivity: a randomised trial

Background There is some evidence to suggest that ginseng and Ginkgo biloba can improve cognitive performance, however, very little is known about the mechanisms associated with such improvement. Here, we tested whether cardiovascular reactivity to a task is associated with cognitive improvement. Methodology/Principal findings Using a double-blind, placebo controlled, crossover design, participants (N = 24) received two doses of Panax Ginseng (500, 1000 mg) or Ginkgo Biloba (120, 240 mg) (N = 24), and underwent a series of cognitive tests while systolic, diastolic, and heart rate readings were taken. Ginkgo Biloba improved aspects of executive functioning (Stroop and Berg tasks) in females but not in males. Ginseng had no effect on cognition. Ginkgo biloba in females reversed the initial (i.e. placebo) increase in cardiovascular reactivity (systolic and diastolic readings increased compared to baseline) to cognitive tasks. This effect (reversal) was most notable after those tasks (Stroop and Iowa) that elicited the greatest cardiovascular reactivity during placebo. In males, although ginkgo also decreased cardiovascular readings, it did so from an initial (placebo) blunted response (i.e. decrease or no change from baseline) to cognitive tasks. Ginseng, on the contrary, increased cardiovascular readings compared to placebo. Conclusions/Significance These results suggest that cardiovascular reactivity may be a mechanism by which ginkgo but not ginseng, in females is associated with certain forms of cognitive improvement