Role of leptin in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus

Leptin is a 16 kDa adipocyte-secreted hormone that regulates weight centrally and links nutritional status to neuroendocrine and immune functions. Several studies indicate that leptin plays an important role in immune responses. Leptin affects both innate and adaptive immunity. It can stimulate dendritic cells (DC), monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils and natural killer cells. Leptin is involved in DC maturation and survival,and can skew the cytokine balance of a T helper (Th)1 profi le. In adaptive immunity, leptin can promote naïve T cell survival and production of interferon-γ and interleukin-2, and activate Th1 cells while inhibiting Th2 cells. Leptin may play an important role in theregulation of the Th1/Th2 balance. As a survival factor, leptin has been shown to suppress B cell apoptosis. The role of leptin in the pathogenesis of systemic lupuserythematosus (SLE) is not fully determined yet. This review tries to link the role of leptin in immunity to the pathogenesis of SLE

Properties of Cold Asphalt Emulsion Mixtures (CAEMs) Using Materials from Old Road Pavement Milling

AbstractCold Asphalt Emulsion Mixtures (CAEMs) can be produced at room temperature. CAEMs can incorporate milled old road pavement. Some virgin aggregate and rice husk ash as filler material and cement was added into the mixture. The samples were subjected to compaction delay for up to 24hours and cured at room temperature for up to 8 days and cured to full curing condition. The samples required more pronounced compaction effort. The cured samples met the minimum stability of 3 KN. The increased strength at early aged at tropical room temperature was found more dominant due to the water evaporation than cement content

PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE ADVERTISEMENT (PHSA); SEMIOTIC ANALYSIS

ABSTRAK Iklan layanan kesehatan masyarakat (ILKM) cenderung bertujuan untuk memberikan informasi, mengingatkan, menambah nilai, memengaruhi, dan bahkan mengubah sikap masyarakat untuk hidup sehat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui bagaimana gaya bahasa, makna, dan ideologi iklan layanan kesehatan masyarakat (ILKM). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa; Gaya bahasa Iklan Layanan Kesehatan Masyarakat (ILKM), secara diksi atau pilihan kata yang digunakan cenderung bersifat tak resmi, bentuknya umum, singkat dan dapat dipahami oleh masyarakat terpelajar biasa. Dilihat dari sudut nada, narasi teks memiliki gaya bahasa sederhana, biasanya cocok untuk memberi instruksi, perintah, pelajaran, perkuliahan, dan sejenisnya. Dari sisi makna, secara semiotik pemaknaan muncul dari hubungan antara penanda (signifier) dan petanda (signified) atau pemaknaan konotasi. Ideologi yang melatarbelakangi bersumber pada konotasi yang dihasilkan. Penyampaian secara imperatif dan pemakaian simbol, warna, latar temperatur (tanda) misalnya, termometer. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan bahwa ILKM berkenaan dengan kebersihan, kesehatan, kewaspadaan, kehati-hatian, kepedulian, kebersamaan, perencanaan, kesejahteraan, dan kebahagiaan.Kata kunci: ILKM, gaya bahasa,makna, ideolog

Penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe jigsaw untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar teknik dasar start jongkok lari sprint kelas XI SMA Negeri 1 Melaya

Berdasarkan hasil observasi yang telah di lakukan oleh peneliti pada salah satu sekolah menengah atas yang berada di Kabupaten Jembrana yaitu SMA Negeri 1 Melaya, pada pembelajaran olahraga salah satu kelas XI MIPA 1 mengalami penurunan hasil belajar olahraga khusunya pada nilai ketrampilan. Hal ini diketahui berdasarkan hasil wawancara yang dilakukan oleh salah satu guru olahraga di SMA Negeri 1 Melaya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa kelas XI MIPA 1 SMA Negeri 1 Melaya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian tindakan kelas (classroom action research. Dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe jigsaw dalam penelitian ini yang dilaksanakan dengan dua siklus di mana tiap siklus terdiri dari tiga kali pertemuan. Untuk pertemuan pertama dan kedua dilakukan pemberian materi dan pertemuan ketiga dilakukan tes hasil belajar sesuai dengan format assesmen. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah kelas XI MIPA 1 SMA Negeri 1 Melaya yang berjumlah 35 siswa. Data awal siswa sebelum mengambil tindakan siklus I dan silklus II yaitu, jumlah siswa yang tidak tuntas sebanyak 14 siswa. Hasil belajar siswa pada siklus I dengan nilai rata-rata 73,1; daya serap 73,1% dan ketuntasan klasikalnya 84% dimana jumlah siswa yang tuntas adalah 15 siswa (42,5%). Hasil belajar siswa pada siklus II dengan nilai rata-rata 84, daya serap 84% dan ketuntasan klasikalnya 94,2% di mana jumlah siswa yang tuntas sebanyak 33 orang siswa (94,2%). Based on the results of observations that have been made by researchers at one of the high schools in Jembrana Regency, namely SMA Negeri 1 Melaya, in sports learning, one of the class XI mipa 1 has decreased the results of learning sports, especially in skill scores. This is known based on the results of an interview conducted by one of the sports teachers at SMA Negeri 1 Melaya. This study aims to improve the learning outcomes of class XI MIPA 1 students of SMA Negeri 1 Melaya. This research uses classroom action research methods. Using a jigsaw-type cooperative learning model in this study which was carried out with two cycles where each cycle consisted of three meetings. For the first and second meetings, material was given and the third meeting was carried out a learning outcomes test was carried out in accordance with the assessment format. The subjects in this study were class XI MIPA 1 SMA Negeri 1 Melaya which totaled 35 students. The initial data of students before taking action on cycle I and silklus II is that the number of students who are not completed is 14 students. Student learning outcomes in the first cycle with an average score of 73.1, absorption of 73.1% and classical completion of 84% where the number of completed students was 15 students (42.5%). Student learning outcomes in the second cycle with an average score of 84, absorption of 84% and classical completion of 94.2% where the number of completed students was 33 students (94.2%)

Knee arthritis in an HIV positive patient - not associated with antiretroviral therapy

Human immunodefi ciency virus (HIV)-associated arthritis is an oligoarthritis which predominantly affect the knees and ankles. It tends to be selflimited and to last less than six weeks. However, some patients with HIV-associated arthritis have been reported to have a disease course of more than six weeks with joint destruction. Synovial fl uid cultures are typically sterile and radiographs of the affected joints are usually normal except in those rare patients with a prolonged duration of symptoms in whom joint-space narrowing can occur.1,2 The pathophysiology of HIV specific arthritis types is not fully understood but drugs of the highly active antiretroviral therapy, in particular indinavir, are supposed to cause arthritis or rheumatological complaints.3 However,recently both human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) type I and HTLV-II have been suggested to induce infl ammatory or autoimmune reactions which can increase signifi cantly the incidence of arthritis.4 We report a patient with HIV infection presenting as knee arthritis which was apparently not associated with antiretroviral therapy

Correlation between serum leptin concentration and disease activity in normal body mass index premenopausal women with systemic lupus erythematosus

Background. Leptin is recognized as a cytokine-like hormone with pleiotropic actions in modulating immune responses. The role of leptin in pathogenesis of systemiclupus erythematosus (SLE) was not fully understood yet. Previous study did not fi nd the correlation between serum leptin concentration and disease activity in patients with SLE, but selection of the subjects wasn’t based on the classifi cation of body mass index (BMI) and menopausal status.Objective. To determine correlation between serum leptin concentration and the disease activity in normal BMI premenopausal women with SLE.Methods. Serum leptin concentration was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and disease activity was scored using Mexican SLE disease activity index (Mex-SLEDAI). Spearman’s correlation coeffi cient test was used for evaluating the strength of association between leptin level and Mex-SLEDAI score.Results. Seventy normal BMI premenopausal women with SLE were included in this study. The median of serum leptin concentration was 13.4 (0.6 – 45.9) ng/ml.The median serum leptin concentration in patients with active disease was 12.4 (0.6 – 41.6) ng/dl, whereas in patients with inactive disease was 15.2 (3.9 – 45.9) ng/dl.No signifi cant different was found between serum leptin concentration in active and inactive disease (p = 0.14). A weak negative correlation was observed between leptinconcentration and Mex-SLEDAI score, but not statistically signifi cant (r = -0.22; p = 0.07).Conclusion. No correlation was found between serum leptin concentration and disease activity in normal BMI premenopausal women with SLE. Prednisone doses anddisease duration might interfere