The Hawking-Page phase transitions in the extended phase space in the Gauss-Bonnet gravity

In this paper, the Hawking-Page phase transitions between the black holes and thermal anti-de Sitter (AdS) space are studied with the Gauss-Bonnet term in the extended phase space, in which the varying cosmological constant plays the role of an effective thermodynamic pressure. The Gauss-Bonnet term exhibits its effects via introducing the corrections to the black hole entropy and Gibbs free energy. The global phase structures, especially the phase transition temperature $T_{\rm HP}$ and the Gibbs free energy $G$, are systematically investigated, first for the Schwarzschild-AdS black holes and then for the charged and rotating AdS black holes in the grand canonical ensembles, with both analytical and numerical methods. It is found that there are terminal points in the coexistence lines, and $T_{\rm HP}$ decreases at large electric potentials and angular velocities and also decreases with the Gauss-Bonnet coupling constant $\alpha$.Comment: 13 pages, 13 figure

Message Framing and Climate Change Communication: A Meta-Analytical Review

This meta-analytic study reviewed experimental studies that examined the effects of message framing on public engagement with climate change. We included 10 studies that used self-reported measures of climate-related attitudes and behaviors, with 26 comparison pairs. The results suggested that message framing generally has a positive effect on individuals’ engagement with climate change and its two sub-categories – behavioral intentions and support for climate policy. More specifically, we found message frames that emphasize the environmental, economic, and moral dimensions of climate change have a small-to-medium size impact on individuals’ engagement with climate change. In contrast, message frames around public health implications or geographical identity barely influence individuals’ engagement with this issue. We discussed the implications on strategic communications of climate change

The Joule--Thomson and Joule--Thomson-like effects of the black holes in a cavity

When a black hole is enclosed in a cavity in asymptotically flat space, an effective volume can be introduced, and an effective pressure can be further defined as its conjugate variable. By this means, an extended phase space is constructed in a cavity, which resembles that in the anti-de Sitter (AdS) space in many aspects. However, there are still some notable dissimilarities simultaneously. In this work, the Joule--Thomson (JT) effect of the black holes, widely discussed in the AdS space as an isenthalpic (constant-mass) process, is shown to only have cooling region in a cavity. On the contrary, in a constant-thermal-energy process (the JT-like effect), there is only heating region in a cavity. Altogether, different from the AdS case, there is no inversion temperature or inversion curve in a cavity. Our work reveals the subtle discrepancy between the two different extended phase spaces that is sensitive to the specific boundary conditions.Comment: 20 pages, 2 figure

Leakage-resilient biometric-based remote user authentication with fuzzy extractors

National Research Foundation (NRF) Singapor

DNMT3a in the hippocampal CA1 is crucial in the acquisition of morphine self‐administration in rats

Drug‐reinforced excessive operant responding is one fundamental feature of long-lasting addiction‐like behaviors and relapse in animals. However, the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms responsible for the persistent drug‐specific (not natural rewards) operant behavior are not entirely clear. In this study, we demonstrate a key role for one of the de novo DNA methyltransferase, DNMT3a, in the acquisition of morphine self‐administration (SA) in rats. The expression of DNMT3a in the hippocampal CA1 region but not in the nucleus accumbens shell was significantly up‐regulated after 1‐ and 7‐day morphine SA (0.3 mg/kg/infusion) but not after the yoked morphine injection. On the other hand, saccharin SA did not affect the expression of DNMT3a or DNMT3b. DNMT inhibitor 5‐aza‐2‐deoxycytidine (5‐aza) microinjected into the hippocampal CA1 significantly attenuated the acquisition of morphine SA. Knockdown of DNMT3a also impaired the ability to acquire the morphine SA. Overall, these findings suggest that DNMT3a in the hippocampus plays an important role in the acquisition of morphine SA and may be a valid target to prevent the development of morphine addiction. Includes Supplemental informatio

Serotonin-mediated modulation of Na+/K+ pump current in rat hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The aim of this study was to investigate whether serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) can modulate Na⁺/K⁺pump in rat hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>5-HT (0.1, 1 mM) showed Na⁺/K⁺pump current (Ip) densities of 0.40 ± 0.04, 0.34 ± 0.03 pA/pF contrast to 0.63 ± 0.04 pA/pF of the control of 0.5 mM strophanthidin (Str), demonstrating 5-HT-induced inhibition of Ip in a dose-dependent manner in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons. The effect was partly attenuated by ondasetron, a 5-HT₃receptor (5-HT₃R) antagonist, not by WAY100635, a 5-HT_1AR antagonist, while 1-(3-Chlorophenyl) biguanide hydrochloride (m-CPBG), a 5-HT₃R specific agonist, mimicked the effect of 5-HT on Ip.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>5-HT inhibits neuronal Na⁺/K⁺pump activity via 5-HT₃R in rat hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons. This discloses novel mechanisms for the function of 5-HT in learning and memory, which may be a useful target to benefit these patients with cognitive disorder.</p