1,282 research outputs found
CD: Fine-grained 3D Mesh Reconstruction with Twice Chamfer Distance
Monocular 3D reconstruction is to reconstruct the shape of object and its
other information from a single RGB image. In 3D reconstruction, polygon mesh,
with detailed surface information and low computational cost, is the most
prevalent expression form obtained from deep learning models. However, the
state-of-the-art schemes fail to directly generate well-structured meshes, and
most of meshes have two severe problems Vertices Clustering (VC) and Illegal
Twist (IT). By diving into the mesh deformation process, we pinpoint that the
inappropriate usage of Chamfer Distance (CD) loss is the root causes of VC and
IT problems in the training of deep learning model. In this paper, we initially
demonstrate these two problems induced by CD loss with visual examples and
quantitative analyses. Then, we propose a fine-grained reconstruction method
CD by employing Chamfer distance twice to perform a plausible and adaptive
deformation. Extensive experiments on two 3D datasets and comparisons with five
latest schemes demonstrate that our CD directly generates well-structured
meshes and outperforms others by alleviating VC and IT problems.Comment: under major review in TOM
Bacterial etiology in early re-admission patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Background: Repeatedly hospitalized patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) are often exposed to more antibiotics, but the distribution of pathogenic bacteria in these patients is poorly understood. TheĀ objectives of this study were to analyze the distribution of pathogenic bacteria and the risk factors associated with multidrug-resistantĀ (MDR) bacteria infection in early re-admission patients with AECOPD.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed charts for patients with AECOPD admitted to our hospital between January 2011 and november 2012. The early re-admission group and non-early readmission group were determined by whether patients wereĀ readmitted within 31 days after discharge. Detection of potentially pathogenic microorganisms (PPMs) and MDR bacteria were analyzed. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent risk factors for MDR bacteria infection.Results: PPMs were isolated from 230 (32.0%) cases of respiratory tract specimens; MDR bacteria accounted for 24.7%Ā (57/230). Pseudomonas aeruginosa (43.7%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (15.6%), and Acinetobacter baumannii (12.5%) were the top threeĀ PPMs in the early readmission group, while the top three PPMs in the non-early readmission group were K. pneumoniae (23.7%),Ā P. aeruginosa (21.2%), and Streptococcus pneumoniae (17.1%). Multivariate analysis showed that use of antibiotics within 2 weeksĀ (odds ratio [OR] 8.259, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.056-22.322, p = 0.000) was the independent risk factor for MDR bacteriaĀ infection.Conclusion: Non-fermentative Gram-negative bacilli (NFGNB) and enterobacteria were the predominant bacteria in early readmissionĀ patients with AECOPD. The detection rate of MDR bacteria was high which was related to the use of antibiotics withinĀ 2 weeks before admission in these patients.Keywords: AECOPD, re-admission, bacteria, multidrug-resistant (MDR), risk factors
Investigation of upper respiratory tract infection outbreak in an acute psychiatry ward of a medical center
Conivaptan: a step forward in the treatment of hyponatremia?
Hyponatremia is one of the most common electrolyte abnormalities linked to adverse outcomes and increased mortality in hospitalized patients. While the differential diagnosis for hyponatremia is diverse, most cases stem from arginine vasopressin (AVP) dysregulation, where hypoosmolality fails to suppress AVP synthesis and release. The physiological effects of AVP are currently known to depend on its interaction with any of 3 receptor subtypes V1A, V2, and V1B. Activation of V2 by AVP is the key in renal water regulation and maintenance of total body volume and plasma tonicity. Despite the long-recognized problem with excess AVP in euvolemic and hypervolemic hyponatremia, traditional therapeutic options have relied on nonspecific and potentially problematic strategies. More recently, a new class of drugs, introduced as āaquaretics,ā has gained great attention among clinicians because of its ability to correct hyponatremia via direct competitive inhibition of AVP at V2 receptors to induce renal electrolyte-free water excretion. In this paper, we aim to review available clinical data on the only FDA-approved aquaretic, dual V1A/V2 receptor antagonist conivaptan, discuss its clinical indications, efficacy, safety profile, and comment on its clinical limitations
Chemical Methods for the Simultaneous Quantitation of Metabolites and Proteins from Single Cells
We describe chemical approaches for integrated metabolic and proteomic assays from single cells. Quantitative assays for intracellular metabolites, including glucose uptake and three other species, are designed as surface-competitive binding assays with fluorescence readouts. This enables integration into a microarray format with functional protein immunoassays, all of which are incorporated into the microchambers of a single-cell barcode chip (SCBC). By using the SCBC, we interrogate the response of human-derived glioblastoma cancer cells to epidermal growth factor receptor inhibition. We report, for the first time, on both the intercellular metabolic heterogeneity as well as the baseline and drug-induced changes in the metaboliteāphosphoprotein correlation network
Slower tempo makes worse performance? The effect of musical tempo on cognitive processing speed
The effects of musical tempo on cognitive processing speed were investigated, and the mediating effect of arousal was empirically tested. In an experiment, participants were divided into fast tempo, slow tempo, and no-music groups and completed three cognitive processing speed tests measuring motor speed, visuospatial processing speed, and linguistic processing speed. The results indicated a significant effect of musical tempo on processing speed and task performance in all three tasks. The slow-tempo group exhibited slower processing speed and worse performance than the no-music group in all three tasks. The fast tempo group displayed no significant difference in processing speed or performance compared with the no-music group. In the linguistic processing task, those who listened to slow-tempo music had better accuracy than those in the other conditions. Arousal did not mediate the relationship between musical tempo and cognitive processing speed
A Two-Bit Reflectarray Element Using Cut-Ring Patch Coupled to Delay Lines
In this paper, a two-bit element for reflectarray applications is presented. The proposed element is based on theĀ cut-ring patch coupled to delay lines through an annular slot. The four states of the reflection phase with a step of 90ā¦ areĀ achieved with two switches. This reported work is the first step towards the 2-bit active reflectarray element. PrototypesĀ of the element have been fabricated and characterized in X-band using waveguide simulator. Measured results show goodĀ characteristics with low magnitude losses and the bandwidth of 1.7-bit resolution is over 5%
Holistic Transfer: Towards Non-Disruptive Fine-Tuning with Partial Target Data
We propose a learning problem involving adapting a pre-trained source model
to the target domain for classifying all classes that appeared in the source
data, using target data that covers only a partial label space. This problem is
practical, as it is unrealistic for the target end-users to collect data for
all classes prior to adaptation. However, it has received limited attention in
the literature. To shed light on this issue, we construct benchmark datasets
and conduct extensive experiments to uncover the inherent challenges. We found
a dilemma -- on the one hand, adapting to the new target domain is important to
claim better performance; on the other hand, we observe that preserving the
classification accuracy of classes missing in the target adaptation data is
highly challenging, let alone improving them. To tackle this, we identify two
key directions: 1) disentangling domain gradients from classification
gradients, and 2) preserving class relationships. We present several effective
solutions that maintain the accuracy of the missing classes and enhance the
overall performance, establishing solid baselines for holistic transfer of
pre-trained models with partial target data.Comment: Accepted to NeurIPS 2023 main trac
Therapeutic rAAVrh10 Mediated SOD1 Silencing in Adult SOD1(G93A) Mice and Nonhuman Primates
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease; survival in ALS is typically 3-5 years. No treatment extends patient survival by more than three months. Approximately 20% of familial ALS and 1-3% of sporadic ALS patients carry a mutation in the gene encoding superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1). In a transgenic ALS mouse model expressing the mutant SOD1(G93A) protein, silencing the SOD1 gene prolongs survival. One study reports a therapeutic effect of silencing the SOD1 gene in systemically treated adult ALS mice; this was achieved with a short hairpin RNA, a silencing molecule that has raised multiple safety concerns, and recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) 9. We report here a silencing method based on an artificial microRNA termed miR-SOD1 systemically delivered using adeno-associated virus rAAVrh10, a serotype with a demonstrated safety profile in CNS clinical trials. Silencing of SOD1 in adult SOD1(G93A) transgenic mice with this construct profoundly delayed both disease onset and death in the SOD1(G93A) mice, and significantly preserved muscle strength and motor and respiratory functions. We also document that intrathecal delivery of the same rAAVrh10-miR-SOD1 in nonhuman primates significantly and safely silences SOD1 in lower motor neurons. This study supports the view that rAAVrh10-miR-SOD1 merits further development for the treatment of SOD1-linked ALS in humans
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