1,782 research outputs found
Quinoa bitterness: causes and solutions for improving product acceptability
Awareness of the several agronomic, environmental, and health benefits of quinoa has led to a constant increase in its production and consumption not only in South America, where it is a native crop, but also in Europe and the USA. However, producing wheat or gluten-free based products enriched with quinoa alters some quality characteristics, including sensory acceptance. Several anti-nutritional factors such as saponins are concentrated in the grain pericarp. These bitter and astringent substances may interfere with the digestion and absorption of various nutrients. Developing processes to decrease or modify the bitterness of quinoa can enhance palatability, and thus consumption, of quinoa. In addition to the production of sweet varieties of quinoa, other processes have been proposed. Some of them (i.e. washing, pearling and the combination of the two) have a direct effect on saponins, either by solubilization and/or the mechanical removal of seed layers. Others, such as fermentation or germination, are able to mask the bitterness with aroma compounds and/or sugar formation. This review presents the major sources of the undesirable sensory attributes of quinoa, including bitterness, and various ways of counteracting the negative characteristics of quinoa
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Panel 5 Rural Intangible Cultural Heritage
Rural areas is the place where rural intangible heritage is found rich and diverse, whereas vulnerable to fast social, cultural, political and economic transformations, in particular in developing and underdeveloped areas. Although the concept of Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) has been established in UNESCO and accepted by many ICH Convention signatories, it has not been consistently adopted and implemented from international level to local level without divergencies. An analysis of rural ICH is to analyse how rural traditional culture, memories and past are used by different stakeholders for current society. (Re)defining rural ICH is a way to both rethink and develop the existing concepts of cultural heritage held by national and institutional discourses. This panel, which investigates three cases in China and Egypt, will provide evidence and theoretical rethought on the making and use of the concept of ICH in developing countries where the tangible heritage discourses have been well established and the intangible heritage discourse is polemical. These three papers will present diverse and emerging uses and discourses of ICH in terms of conservation, exhibition, commodification, education and musealisation from various perspectives.
In particular, this panel will address these issues:
1. How is ICH, or intangible heritage, used in rural areas in the fields of heritage tourism, museum, cultural industries, community development and other purposes?
2. How tourists, (non)-local visitors and other stakeholders contribute to the making of ICH through their cultural practices?
3. How can tangible and intangible heritage be understood and managed in an integrated/holistic approach such as the living heritage approach?
4. Are existing tangible-centred mechanism and managerial tools still useful for rural ICH which relates to local community, tangible elements and the landscape? If not, what improvements should be made
Landauer Theory, Inelastic Scattering and Electron Transport in Molecular Wires
In this paper we address the topic of inelastic electron scattering in
mesoscopic quantum transport. For systems where only elastic scattering is
present, Landauer theory provides an adequate description of transport that
relates the electronic current to single-particle transmission and reflection
probabilities. A formalism proposed recently by Bonca and Trugman facilitates
the calculation of the one-electron transmission and reflection probabilities
for inelastic processes in mesoscopic conductors connected to one-dimensional
ideal leads. Building on their work, we have developed a self-consistent
procedure for the evaluation of the non-equilibrium electron distributions in
ideal leads connecting such mesoscopic conductors to electron reservoirs at
finite temperatures and voltages. We evaluate the net electronic current
flowing through the mesoscopic device by utilizing these non-equilibrium
distributions. Our approach is a generalization of Landauer theory that takes
account of the Pauli exclusion principle for the various competing elastic and
inelastic processes while satisfying the requirement of particle conservation.
As an application we examine the influence of elastic and inelastic scattering
on conduction through a two site molecular wire with longitudinal phonons using
the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model of electron-phonon coupling.Comment: 25 pages, 8 figure
Composite Fermion Description of Correlated Electrons in Quantum Dots: Low Zeeman Energy Limit
We study the applicability of composite fermion theory to electrons in
two-dimensional parabolically-confined quantum dots in a strong perpendicular
magnetic field in the limit of low Zeeman energy. The non-interacting composite
fermion spectrum correctly specifies the primary features of this system.
Additional features are relatively small, indicating that the residual
interaction between the composite fermions is weak. \footnote{Published in
Phys. Rev. B {\bf 52}, 2798 (1995).}Comment: 15 pages, 7 postscript figure
Electron correlation resonances in the transport through a single quantum level
Correlation effects in the transport properties of a single quantum level
coupled to electron reservoirs are discussed theoretically using a
non-equilibrium Green functions approach. Our method is based on the
introduction of a second-order self-energy associated with the Coulomb
interaction that consistently eliminates the pathologies found in previous
perturbative calculations. We present results for the current-voltage
characteristic illustrating the different correlation effects that may be found
in this system, including the Kondo anomaly and Coulomb blockade. We finally
discuss the experimental conditions for the simultaneous observation of these
effects in an ultrasmall quantum dot.Comment: 4 pages (two columns), 3 figures under reques
Characterization of halogen-bridged binuclear metal complexes as hybridized two-band materials
We study the electronic structure of halogen-bridged binuclear metal (MMX)
complexes with a two-band Peierls-Hubbard model. Based on a symmetry argument,
various density-wave states are derived and characterized. The ground-state
phase diagram is drawn within the Hartree-Fock approximation, while the thermal
behavior is investigated using a quantum Monte Carlo method. All the
calculations conclude that a typical MMX compound Pt_2(CH_3CS_2)_4I should
indeed be regarded as a d-p-hybridized two-band material, where the oxidation
of the halogen ions must be observed even in the ground state, whereas another
MMX family (NH_4)_4[Pt_2(P_2O_5H_2)_4X] may be treated as single-band
materials.Comment: 16 pages, 11 figures embedded, to be published in Phys. Rev.
The Fayet-Iliopoulos D-term and its renormalisation in softly-broken supersymmetric theories
We consider the renormalisation of the Fayet-Iliopoulos D-term in a
softly-broken abelian supersymmetric theory, and calculate the associated
beta-function through three loops. We show that there exists (at least through
three loops) a renormalisation group invariant trajectory for the coefficient
of the D-term, corresponding to the conformal anomaly solution for the soft
masses and couplings.Comment: 30 pages, Revtex, 15 Figures. Minor changes, and inadvertent omission
of author from this abstract correcte
Holons on a meandering stripe: quantum numbers
We attempt to access the regime of strong coupling between charge carriers
and transverse dynamics of an isolated conducting ``stripe'', such as those
found in cuprate superconductors. A stripe is modeled as a partially doped
domain wall in an antiferromagnet (AF), introduced in the context of two
different models: the t-J model with strong Ising anisotropy, and the Hubbard
model in the Hartree-Fock approximation. The domain walls with a given linear
charge density are supported artificially by boundary conditions. In both
models we find a regime of parameters where doped holes lose their spin and
become holons (charge Q=1, spin S_z=0), which can move along the stripe without
frustrating AF environment. One aspect in which the holons on the AF domain
wall differ from those in an ordinary one-dimensional electron gas is their
transverse degree of freedom: a mobile holon always resides on a transverse
kink (or antikink) of the domain wall. This gives rise to two holon flavors and
to a strong coupling between doped charges and transverse fluctuations of a
stripe.Comment: Minor revisions: references update
The Fayet-Iliopoulos D-term and its renormalisation in the MSSM
We consider the renormalisation of the Fayet-Iliopoulos D-term in a
softly-broken supersymmetric gauge theory with a non-simple gauge group
containing an abelian factor, and present the associated beta-function through
three loops. We also include in an appendix the result for several abelian
factors. We specialise to the case of the minimal supersymmetric standard model
(MSSM), and investigate the behaviour of the Fayet-Iliopoulos coupling for
various boundary conditions at the unification scale. We focus particularly on
the case of non-standard soft supersymmetry breaking couplings, for which the
Fayet-Iliopoulos coupling evolves significantly between the unification scale
and the weak scale.Comment: 18 pages, Revtex, 2 figures. Expanded version including general
results for gauge groups with several abelian factors. Minor typos correcte
Doping and temperature dependence of incommensurate antiferromagnetism in underdoped lanthanum cuprates
The doping, temperature and energy dependence of the dynamical spin structure
factors of the underdoped lanthanum cuprates in the normal state is studied
within the t-J model using the fermion-spin transformation technique.
Incommensurate peaks are found at ,
at relatively low temperatures with linearly
increasing with doping at the beginning and then saturating at higher dopings.
These peaks broaden and weaken in amplitude with temperature and energy, in
good agreement with experiments. The theory also predicts a rotation of these
peaks by at even higher temperatures, being shifted to .Comment: 11 pages, PDF file, six figures are included, accepted for
publication in Physical Review
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