Analysis of selection pressure exerted on Plasmopara viticola by organically based fungicides

Downy mildew is one of the most important grape diseases world-wide. The pathogen is a genetically highly diversified organism with a high capacity of adaptation. A monitoring of changes in population structure of P. viticola subjected to new copper replacing products or strategies, studied and developed within REPCO (Replacement of Copper Fungicides in Organic Production of Grapevine and Apple in Europe) is important for assessing selection pressure which could lead to a reduction of efficacy of these new measures. Therefore P. viticola lesions collected on untreated and treated vines were analyzed by means of microsatellite markers. No significant differences in the populations structure were determined among untreated and treated populations, indicating that the applied products didn’t exerted any selection pressure on the P. viticola populations

Decidable Inductive Invariants for Verification of Cryptographic Protocols with Unbounded Sessions

We develop a theory of decidable inductive invariants for an infinite-state variant of the Applied ?calc, with applications to automatic verification of stateful cryptographic protocols with unbounded sessions/nonces. Since the problem is undecidable in general, we introduce depth-bounded protocols, a strict generalisation of a class from the literature, for which our decidable analysis is sound and complete. Our core contribution is a procedure to check that an invariant is inductive, which implies that every reachable configuration satisfies it. Our invariants can capture security properties like secrecy, can be inferred automatically, and represent an independently checkable certificate of correctness. We provide a prototype implementation and we report on its performance on some textbook examples

The Nature of the Variable Galactic Center Source IRS16SW

We report measurements of the light curve of the variable Galactic Center source IRS16SW. The light curve is not consistent with an eclipsing binary or any other obvious variable star. The source may be an example of a high mass variable predicted theoretically but not observed previously.Comment: 11 pages, 2 figures. Accepted by Ap

EVALUATION OF SPEED-TESTS FOR PLAYERS OF SPORT GAMES

PROBLEM. The characteristics demands of the load of the common sport games are different, but many similarities are obvious. 'They all require a high ability of anticipation. reaction- and action speed. Many actions like dribbling, feint. tracing and attacking adversary are carried out with highest intensity (speed) in combination with rapid changes in direction of motion In split seconds decisions between alternative movements must be reached and go into action. The available speed tests were not able to satis6 these requirements (e.g. 1, 2). The aim of this study was to evaluate tests for speed-diagnostics. which consider the specific demands of the sport games soccer, handball, tennis. MEI'HODS The length of the run and the kind of changes of direction depends on the conditions of the sport game For the time recording we used a measuring system of 4 double lightbars Each run starts from a defined position on a contact platform. The starts were free selected and/or given by an optical signal. The following abilities here recorded differently in separate tests: 4 the ability to start and accelerate straight on. I3 the ability to start. decelerate. accelerate in connection with changes in direction of motion the ability to react in connection \kith selection and following game specific movement. calculated by test-retest correlation coefficient To check the selectivity of the tests analysis of variance were used to calculate significant differences. KESliL.T.5 - the reliability of the evaluated tests are in the range of rtt = 72 - .98. and therefore altogether acceptable - the selectivity of the tests is also acceptable in general ( exception. test .4 for Tennis plavers). - the great intraindividuell differences between runners with turns to the left and right. as well as between the players within a team illustrate the necessarity from precise diagnostics A few number of training sessions will eliminate individual deficit

On Fragile Features and Batch Normalization in Adversarial Training

Modern deep learning architecture utilize batch normalization (BN) tostabilize training and improve accuracy. It has been shown that the BN layersalone are surprisingly expressive. In the context of robustness againstadversarial examples, however, BN is argued to increase vulnerability. That is,BN helps to learn fragile features. Nevertheless, BN is still used inadversarial training, which is the de-facto standard to learn robust features.In order to shed light on the role of BN in adversarial training, weinvestigate to what extent the expressiveness of BN can be used to robustifyfragile features in comparison to random features. On CIFAR10, we find thatadversarially fine-tuning just the BN layers can result in non-trivialadversarial robustness. Adversarially training only the BN layers from scratch,in contrast, is not able to convey meaningful adversarial robustness. Ourresults indicate that fragile features can be used to learn models withmoderate adversarial robustness, while random features cannot<br