Postcard: To My Comrade

This color printed postcard features a woman holding a Red Cross flag. She is dressed in a white hat and uniform. She has ribbons, flowers and a badge around her waist. The badge is enlarged on the bottom right of the card. It has printed words on it and there is printed text next to the badge. The background is red, white and blue with greenery and white stars. There is handwriting on the back of the card.https://scholars.fhsu.edu/tj_postcards/1140/thumbnail.jp

Effects of starvation on energy density of juvenile chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) captured in marine waters of Southeastern Alaska

We conducted laboratory starvation experiments on juvenile chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) captured in the neritic marine waters of northern Southeast Alaska in June and July 2003. Temporal changes in fish energy density (whole body energy content [WBEC], cal/g dry weight), percent moisture content, wet weight (g), length (mm), and size-related condition residuals were measured in the laboratory and were then compared to long-term field data. Laboratory water temperatures and salinities averaged 9°C and 32 psu in both months. Trends in response variables were similar for both experimental groups, although sampling intervals were limited in July because fewer fish were available (n= 54) than in June (n=101). Overall, for June (45-d experimental period, 9 intervals), WBEC, wet weight, and condition residuals decreased and percent moisture content increased, whereas fork length did not change. For July (20-d experimental period, 5 intervals), WBEC and condition residuals decreased, percent moisture content and fork length increased, and wet weight did not change. WBEC, percent moisture content, and condition residuals fell outside the norm of longterm data ranges within 10–15 days of starvation, and may be more useful than fork length and wet weight for detecting fish condition responses to suboptimal environments

Contact position sensor using constant contact force control system

A force control system (50) and method are provided for controlling a position contact sensor (10) so as to produce a constant controlled contact force therewith. The system (50) includes a contact position sensor (10) which has a contact probe (12) for contacting the surface of a target to be measured and an output signal (V.sub.o) for providing a position indication thereof. An actuator (30) is provided for controllably driving the contact position sensor (10) in response to an actuation control signal (I). A controller (52) receives the position indication signal (V.sub.o) and generates in response thereto the actuation control signal (I) so as to provide a substantially constant selective force (F) exerted by the contact probe (12). The actuation drive signal (I) is generated further in response to substantially linear approximation curves based on predetermined force and position data attained from the sensor (10) and the actuator (30)

Biomedical Lance Ion Sensitive System

The fabrication of a pH sensor which can be used in practical applications in biological and niedical fields was designed and manufactured using a new lance style ion sensitive field effect transistor. The lance can be used to measure pH levels in micro biological cultures without disruption of the culture and can be a powerful tool in real time Invitro medical diagnostics tool. The reference electrode can be placed onto the chip by depositing a noble metal contact in the field region. This is referred as a Pseudo Reference Electrode, PRE. By bringing the PRE design closer to the membrane, the active test area for the ISFET will then be contained to the small perimeter of the gate. Also, with the PRE being very close to the gate membrane, a larger percentage of charged ions will interact with the membrane which can allow for a smaller gate membrane and still have strong sensitivity. The combination of these two benefits can create a very compact Perimeters PRE ISFET design. With this compact design, it can be implemented on a MEMS cantilever for new testing methods in the medical and biological fields. By combining the ISFET device at the tip of a cantilever, the device can be put into use to test with minimum impact. Deep silicon etching was attempted using a protective front side coat and a hot KOH bath to etch a patterned backside. Complications in preserving sensitive ISFET components needs to be resolved before completion of freestanding cantilever lance MEMS probe with ISFET sensor