Legendy łódzkie jako teksty pomocnicze w nauczaniu języka polskiego jako obceogo

Zadanie pt. „Digitalizacja i udostępnienie w Cyfrowym Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego kolekcji czasopism naukowych wydawanych przez Uniwersytet Łódzki” nr 885/P-DUN/2014 zostało dofinansowane ze środków MNiSW w ramach działalności upowszechniającej naukę

Empowerment’s Influence on Resident Support for Tourism in rural Central and Eastern Europe (CEE)

Rural sustainable tourism within CEE has been a promising diversification strategy and a relatively easily accessible means for rural households to achieve independence from the agriculture. Despite empowerment being a crucial component of this type of tourism few scholars have looked at how empowerment applies to rural societies within the post-communist EU member states. There has been some evidence of empowerment in the tourism context in those countries through exploratory studies, but they expose only some issues related to the implementation of participatory mechanisms in tourism decision-making and they are qualitative in nature. To further discuss the applicability of empowerment within CEE socio-political conditions, more research is needed to examine how residents perceive empowerment and how these perceptions relate to other core tourism constructs such as support for tourism. With this gap in mind, the first goal of this study is to test the cross-cultural validity of the Resident Empowerment through Tourism Scale (RETS) within the CEE country of Poland. The second goal is to evaluate how empowerment predicts residents’ support for tourism within a CEE context. Using a theoretical perspective that blends Social Exchange Theory with Weber’s Theory of Formal and Substantive Rationality, these non-economic empowerment dimensions will be coupled with a measure of resident perceptions of economically benefiting from tourism to see if Polish residents are more influenced by the economic benefits of tourism or the non-economic constructs of empowerment

Obraz polskiej rodziny w wybranych podręcznikach do nauczania języka polskiego jako obcego

W artykule zbadano obraz polskiej rodziny, wyłaniający się z analizy tekstów zamieszczonych w podręcznikach do nauki jpjo na różnych poziomach zaawansowania. Badając obraz polskiej rodziny, zwracano uwagę na liczbę jej członków, wiek, imiona i nazwiska, ale także na wygląd zewnętrzny, cechy charakteru, sposób i formę spędzania wolnego czasu, wykonywany zawód i kierunek studiów.In the article, the image of the Polish family was examined, as based on the analysis of materials published in the textbooks of Polish as a foreign language on different levels of proficiency. While examining the image of the Polish family, the number of family members, their age, first names and surnames were taken into consideration. Additional elements were their appearance, personality traits, their spare time activities, their profession, and their major

One Utility for Sustainable Communities Modelling and Optimisation of Utility–Service Provision

Utility–service provision is a process in which products such as water, electricity, food, gas are transformed by appropriate devices into services satisfying human needs such as nutrition, thermal comfort, and wants such as e.g. entertainment. Utility products required for these processes are usually delivered to households via separate infrastructures, i.e. real-world networks such as electricity grids, water distribution systems or gas distribution networks. Additionally, they can be supplemented sourced locally from natural resources, e.g. electricity can be obtained from sun or wind. The main objectives of the research are to numerically evaluate feasibility of alternative approaches to utility–service provision problems and automatically generate suggestions of such alternative approaches, using knowledge base of present and future technologies and devices. These objectives are achieved via a simulation system implemented in C# and .NET 4.0 that is composed of the following blocks: an interface to define the utility–service provision problem (problem formulation), an interface to define candidate solutions (transformation graphs), a computational engine to analyse the feasibility of transformation graphs, a heuristic search algorithm to generate transformation graphs and a XML database. The core of the proposed approach is a simulation system that carries out a feasibility study of transformation graphs. A transformation graph describes direct and indirect transformations of products into defined services or other products using various devices. The transformation graphs are represented in a form of standard directed graph where devices, product storages and services are nodes and edges represent product and service carriers. In the adapted approach each product has associated storage. The information about products, services and devices is used to create a visual representation of the content of the database - a Mastergraph. It is a directed hypergraph where services and product storages are nodes, while devices are edges spanning between. Since devices usually connect more than two nodes, a standard graph would not suffice to describe utility–service provision problem and therefore a hypergraph was chosen as a more appropriate representation of the system. Two methods for defining transformation graphs are proposed. In the first one the candidate solutions are constructed manually. Additionally, an interface to calculate shortest paths between two products or a product and a service in Mastergraph was developed to simplify the manual process. In the second method, the transformation graphs are automatically generated using heuristic search approach developed for this model. The functionalities of the proposed approach are presented through case studies. A benchmark case study based on the literature is analysed and compared with automatically generated solutions that vary in terms of energy and water delivered by the infrastructure as well as the total cost of supplying and removing products. These case studies showcase how the use of natural resources, recycling of some of the products that would normally be disposed, or simply the use of alternative devices have impact on the total cost and the amount of water and energy delivered by the infrastructure

Revitalisation of urban space upon the example of Copenhagen

The objective of this paper is to present selected contemporary activities in the urban space of Copenhagen aimed at the recovery of land in the process of revitalisation. They constitute examples of rational and economical management of areas inside the city limits and they inscribe in the concept of limiting of the urbanisation costs. The current harmonious development of the capital of Denmark constitutes a result of a strategy, in force for decades now, based on the implementation of architectural and urban planning solutions aimed at the continuous improvement of the comfort of living of the city residents. The urban culture is expressed in the creation of top quality public spaces, especially in the organisation of pedestrian zones based on the principles of the universal design