What shapes the phylogenetic structure of anuran communities in a seasonal environment? The influence of determinism at regional scale to stochasticity or antagonistic forces at local scale.

Ecological communities are structured by both deterministic and stochastic processes. We investigated phylogenetic patterns at regional and local scales to understand the influences of seasonal processes in shaping the structure of anuran communities in the southern Pantanal wetland, Brazil. We assessed the phylogenetic structure at different scales, using the Net Relatedness Index (NRI), the Nearest Taxon Index (NTI), and hylobetadiversity indexes, as well as a permutation test, to evaluate the effect of seasonality. The anuran community was represented by a non-random set of species with a high degree of phylogenetic relatedness at the regional scale. However, at the local scale the phylogenetic structure of the community was weakly related with the seasonality of the system, indicating that oriented stochastic processes (e.g. colonization, extinction and ecological drift) and/or antagonist forces drive the structure of such communities in the southern Pantanal

Borda Oeste do Pantanal e Maciço do Urucum em Corumbá, MS: área prioritária para conservação da biodiversidade.

A região do Maciço do Urucum e adjacências apresenta característica ímpar dentro do Estado do Mato Grosso Sul e do Brasil, em função das influências que recebe de ecossistemas vizinhos, dos endemismos existentes e da ocorrência de espécies de distribuição no Brasil restrita a esta área. A região é uma península com 1.311 km2 de áreas não inundáveis que penetra o Pantanal. Nesta estreita faixa, as atividades de mineração, de indústrias, o crescimento urbano, a expansão de assentamentos rurais e a ampliação de áreas de agropecuária têm potencial para causar impactos profundos na biodiversidade, podendo aumentar o já preocupante estado de fragmentação da vegetação, causando isolamento entre populações, aumentando os riscos de extinção local. Foram levantadas as espécies ameaçadas, raras, endêmicas, de distribuição restrita no país, com problemas taxonômicos e prováveis espécies novas que ocorrem na região. The Urucum Mountains and its surroundings present unique characteristics in the Mato Grosso do Sul state and in Brazil, due to the influences this region receives from neighbor ecosystems, the endemism, and the occurrence in Brazil restrict to this area. The region represents a peninsula of non floodable terrain with 1,311 km2 that enters the Pantanal wetlands. In this narrow area, mining, industries, urban expansion, rural settlements, and increased agricultural areas potentially impact the biodiversity due to habitat destruction and fragmentation. We listed endemic species, as well as rare, endangered, restrictedly distributed, taxonomically unsolved, and potentially new species already known to the region

The program for biodiversity research in Brazil: The role of regional networks for biodiversity knowledge, dissemination, and conservation

The Program for Biodiversity Research (PPBio) is an innovative program designed to integrate all biodiversity research stakeholders. Operating since 2004, it has installed long-term ecological research sites throughout Brazil and its logic has been applied in some other southern-hemisphere countries. The program supports all aspects of research necessary to understand biodiversity and the processes that affect it. There are presently 161 sampling sites (see some of them at Supplementary Appendix), most of which use a standardized methodology that allows comparisons across biomes and through time. To date, there are about 1200 publications associated with PPBio that cover topics ranging from natural history to genetics and species distributions. Most of the field data and metadata are available through PPBio web sites or DataONE. Metadata is available for researchers that intend to explore the different faces of Brazilian biodiversity spatio-temporal variation, as well as for managers intending to improve conservation strategies. The Program also fostered, directly and indirectly, local technical capacity building, and supported the training of hundreds of undergraduate and graduate students. The main challenge is maintaining the long-term funding necessary to understand biodiversity patterns and processes under pressure from global environmental changes

The program for biodiversity research in Brazil: The role of regional networks for biodiversity knowledge, dissemination, and conservation.

The Program for Biodiversity Research (PPBio) is an innovative program designed to integrate all biodiversity research stakeholders. Operating since 2004, it has installed long-term ecological research sites throughout Brazil and its logic has been applied in some other southern-hemisphere countries. The program supports all aspects of research necessary to understand biodiversity and the processes that affect it. There are presently 161 sampling sites (see some of them at Supplementary Appendix), most of which use a standardized methodology that allows comparisons across biomes and through time. To date, there are about 1200 publications associated with PPBio that cover topics ranging from natural history to genetics and species distributions. Most of the field data and metadata are available through PPBio web sites or DataONE. Metadata is available for researchers that intend to explore the different faces of Brazilian biodiversity spatio-temporal variation, as well as for managers intending to improve conservation strategies. The Program also fostered, directly and indirectly, local technical capacity building, and supported the training of hundreds of undergraduate and graduate students. The main challenge is maintaining the long-term funding necessary to understand biodiversity patterns and processes under pressure from global environmental changes

Sustainability Agenda for the Pantanal Wetland: Perspectives on a Collaborative Interface for Science, Policy, and Decision-Making.

Building bridges between environmental and political agendas is essential nowadays in face of the increasing human pressure on natural environments, including wetlands. Wetlands provide critical ecosystem services for humanity and can generate a considerable direct or indirect income to the local communities. To meet many of the sustainable development goals, we need to move our trajectory from the current environmental destructive development to a wiser wetland use. The current article contain a proposed agenda for the Pantanal aiming the improvement of public policy for conservation in the Pantanal, one of the largest, most diverse, and continuous inland wetland in the world. We suggest and discuss a list of 11 essential interfaces between science, policy, and development in region linked to the proposed agenda. We believe that a functional science network can booster the collaborative capability to generate creative ideas and solutions to address the big challenges faced by the Pantanal wetland

Fish genetics and aquaculture biotechnology/ Edit. : T. J. Pandian

viii, 162 hal. : ill.; 23 cm

A New Species Of Pseudopaludicola Miranda-ribeiro, 1926 (anura: Leptodactylidae: Leiuperinae) From Northwestern State Of São Paulo, Brazil

A new species of Pseudopaludicola is described from human-altered areas originally covered by Semideciduous Forest in northwestern state of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil. Morphologically, the new species differs from four species belonging to the P. pusilla group by the absence of either T-shaped terminal phalanges or toe tips expanded, and from all other congeners except P. canga and P. facureae by possessing an areolate vocal sac, with dark reticulation. The higher duration (300-700 ms) of each single, pulsed note (9-36 nonconcatenated pulses) that compose the call in the new species distinguishes it from all other 14 species of Pseudopaludicola with calls already described (10-290 ms). Absence of harmonics also differ the advertisement call of the new species from the call of its sister species P. facureae, even though these two species presented unexpected low genetic distances. Although we could not identify any single morphological character distinguishing the new species from P. facureae, a PCA and DFA performed using 12 morphometric variables evidenced significant size differences between these two species.38613249264Andrade, F.S., Carvalho, T.R., A new species of Pseudopaludicola Miranda-Ribeiro (Leiuperinae: Leptodactylidae: Anura) from the Cerrado of southeastern Brazil (2013) Zootaxa, 3608, pp. 389-397. , http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3608.5.7Cardozo, D., Suárez, P., Osteological description of Pseudopaludicola canga with implications for the taxonomic position of this taxon (2012) Zootaxa, 3515, pp. 75-82Cardozo, D., Toledo, L.F., Taxonomic status of Pseudopaludicola riopiedadensis Mercadal de Barrio and Barrio, 1994 (Anura, Leptodactylidae, Leiuperinae) (2013) Zootaxa, 3734 (5), pp. 571-582. , http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3734.5.6Carvalho, T.R., A new species of Pseudopaludicola Miranda-Ribeiro (Leiuperinae: Leptodactylidae: Anura) from the Cerrado of southeastern Brazil with a distinctive advertisement call pattern (2012) Zootaxa, 3328, pp. 47-54De La Riva, I., Köhler, J., Lötters, S., Reichle, S., Ten years of research on Bolivian amphibians: Updated checklist, distribution, taxonomic problems, literature and iconography (2000) Revista Española Herpetologica, 14, pp. 19-164Duarte, T.C., Veiga-Menoncello, A.C.P., Lima, J.F.R., Strüssmann, C., Del Grande, M.L., Giaretta, A.A., Pereira, E.G., Recco-Pimentel, S.M., Chromosome analysis in Pseudopaludicola (Anura, Leiuperidae), with description of sex chromosomes XX/XY in P. saltica (2010) Hereditas, 147, pp. 43-52. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5223.2009.02153.xDuellman, W.E., The Hylid Frogs of Middle America (1970) Monograph of the Museum of Natural History of University of Kansas, 1, pp. 1-753Duré, M.I., Schaefer, E.F., Hamann, M.I., Kehr, A.I., Consideraciones ecológicas sobre la dieta, la reproducción y el parasitismo de Pseudopaludicola boliviana (Anura, Leptodactylidae) de Corrientes, Argentina (2004) Phyllomedusa, 3, pp. 121-131. , http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2316-9079.v3i2p121-131Fávero, E.R., Veiga-Menoncello, A.C.P., Rossa-Feres, D.C., Strüssmann, C., Giaretta, A.A., Andrade, G.V., Colombo, P., Recco-Pimentel, S.M., Intrageneric karyotypic variation in Pseudopaludicola (Anura: Leiuperidae) and its taxonomic relatedness (2011) Zoological Studies, 50, pp. 826-836Frost, D.R., (2014) Amphibian Species of the World: An Online Reference. 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