18 research outputs found
Production in Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions at GeV
We report the first observation of in
relativistic heavy ion collisions. The transverse momentum spectrum of
from central Au+Au collisions at
GeV is presented. The ratios of the yield
derived from these data to the yields of negative hadrons, charged kaons, and
mesons have been measured in central and minimum bias collisions and
compared with model predictions and comparable , , and
results. The data indicate no dramatic reduction of
production in relativistic heavy ion collisions despite expected losses due to
rescattering effects.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, To be published in PRC
Head-to-head linked double calix[4]arenes: convenient synthesis and complexation properties
Combination of calix[4]arenes functionalized at the upper rim at the 5- and 17-positions with amino and formyl groups, respectively, gives a new series of "head-to-head" linked double calix[4]arenes in nearly quantitative yield. The X-ray structure of a modified double calix[4]arene is reported. The novel, highly preorganized receptor molecules complex silver(I) ions (Kass = 9.5 Ă 105 M-1 in CDCl3); the selectivity of complexation was studied by supported liquid membrane transport experiments and chemically modified field effect transistor measurements
Thermodynamics of Light-induced and Thermal Degradation of Bacteriochlorins in Reaction Center Protein of Photosynthetic Bacteria
Survival and cause of death in a cohort of patients with parkinsonism: possible clues to aetiology?
Hepatitis C virus prevalence and level of intervention required to achieve the WHO targets for elimination in the European Union by 2030: a modelling study
Background Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a leading cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. In the European Union (EU), treatment and cure of HCV with direct-acting antiviral therapies began in 2014. WHO targets are to achieve a 65% reduction in liver-related deaths, a 90% reduction of new viral hepatitis infections, and 90% of patients with viral hepatitis infections being diagnosed by 2030. This study assessed the prevalence of HCV in the EU and the level of intervention required to achieve WHO targets for HCV elimination. Methods We populated country Markov models for the 28 EU countries through a literature search of PubMed and Embase between Jan 1, 2000, and March 31, 2016, and a Delphi process to gain expert consensus and validate inputs. We aggregated country models to create a regional EU model. We used the EU model to forecast HCV disease progression (considering the effect of immigration) and developed a strategy to acehive WHO targets. We used weighted average sustained viral response rates and fibrosis restrictions to model the effect of current therapeutic guidelines. We used the EU model to forecast HCV disease progression (considering the effect of immigration) under current screening and therapeutic guidelines. Additionally, we back-calculated the total number of patients needing to be screened and treated to achieve WHO targets. Findings We estimated the number of viraemic HCV infections in 2015 to be 3â238â000 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 2â106â000â3â795â000) of a total population of 509â868â000 in the EU, equating to a prevalence of viraemic HCV of 0·64% (95% UI 0·41â0·74). We estimated that 1â180â000 (95% UI 1â003â000â1â357â000) people were diagnosed with viraemia (36·4%), 150â000 (12â000â180â000) were treated (4·6% of the total infected population or 12·7% of the diagnosed population), 133â000 (106â000â160â000) were cured (4·1%), and 57â900 (43â900â67â300) were newly infected (1·8%) in 2015. Additionally, 30â400 (26â600â42â500) HCV-positive immigrants entered the EU. To achieve WHO targets, unrestricted treatment needs to increase from 150â000 patients in 2015 to 187â000 patients in 2025 and diagnosis needs to increase from 88â800 new cases annually in 2015 to 180â000 in 2025. Interpretation Given its advanced health-care infrastructure, the EU is uniquely poised to eliminate HCV; however, expansion of screening programmes is essential to increase treatment to achieve the WHO targets. A united effort, grounded in sound epidemiological evidence, will also be necessary. Funding Gilead Sciences. © 2017 Elsevier Lt