AVALIAÇÃO DE PROGRAMAS NUTRICIONAIS COM A UTILIZAÇÃO DE CARBOIDRASES E FITASE EM RAÇÕES DE FRANGOS DE CORTE

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different nutritional programs associated to enzyme supplementation (carbohydrases and phytase) on performance and carcass characteristics. A total of 2,016 male broiler chicks of Cobb-500 strain were allotted in third-two pens and fed diets based on corn and soybean meal. A completely randomized design with four treatments and eight replicates of 63 birds each was used. The treatments were designed as follows: T1 - nutritional program recommended for Coob-500; T2 -T1 nutritional program with reduction of 4% of metabolizable energy (ME), 3% of crude protein (CP) and 10% of all amino acids; T3 - T1 nutritional program with 200g/T of carbohydrases and 50g/T of phytase; and T4 - T2 nutritional program with 200g/T of carbohydrases and 50g/T of phytase. The results showed no statistical difference in feed conversion ratio and carcass characteristics for all treatments in the period of 1 to 42 days of age. However, feed consumption, slaughter weight and weight gain were affected, the treatments supplemented with enzymes had greater feed consumption than the treatments without enzyme supplementation, besides the highest slaughter weight and weight gain. In conclusion, the use of carbohydrases associated with phytase enzymes was effective to increase the apparent metabolizable energy of diets based on corn and soybean meal. The addition of enzymes to the diet of broilers led to an increase in feed consumption of 5.18%, and improved weight gain in 4.39%

Influência das fontes e granulometria do calcário calcítico sobre o desempenho e a qualidade da casca dos ovos de poedeiras comerciais - DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v27i1.1239

This experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of different dietetic sources of limestone with different particle sizes (fine, medium and large) on the performance, eggshell quality and bone status of laying hens. 192 Isa Babcock B 300 hens, 33 weeks of age, were allotted in a randomized block design with a total of 6 treatments, with 2 blocks and 4 replicates of 8 hens each. The feeding trial lasted 38 weeks, divided into 9 cycles of 28 days. The six experimental diets were: 1 - fine limestone Source 1; 2 - medium limestone Source 1; 3 - larger limestone Source 1; 4 - fine limestone Source 2; 5 - larger limestone Source 2; 6 - larger limestone Source 3. No negative effects on layer shell quality, but better shell quality, measured by specific gravity were observed when hens were fed with larger limestone particlesO objetivo desse trabalho foi verificar a influência de diferentes fontes de calcário calcítico com diferentes faixas granulométricas (fino, médio, pedrisco) sobre o desempenho produtivo e a qualidade da casca de poedeiras comerciais. Foram utilizadas 192 poedeiras da linhagem Isa Babcock B 300, com 33 semanas de idade, distribuídas em um delineamento em blocos casualizados com 6 tratamentos, 2 blocos e 4 repetições de 8 aves cada. O experimento teve duração de 38 semanas e foi dividido em 9 ciclos de 28 dias. Os tratamentos consistiram em 1 = calcário fino Fonte 1, 2 = médio Fonte 1, 3 = pedrisco Fonte 1, 4 = calcário fino Fonte 2, 5 = pedrisco Fonte 2, 6 = calcário pedrisco Fonte 3. Não foi observado efeito negativo nas características de desempenho produtivo para as fontes testadas, porém notou-se melhora (P < 0,05) na qualidade da casca dos ovos das poedeiras que receberam calcário pedrisco observado na variável gravidade específic

Ensaio de digestibilidade de nutrientes como ferramenta para avaliar a saúde intestinal de frangos de corte

The study was performed with the objective of verifying raw soy feed, oxidized oil feed, and a control group. Performance evaluation was done at 7, 14, and 21 days of age. Metabolism assay was carried out between the 17th and 20th days for nutrient digestibility analysis. On the 21st day, two birds per repetition were sent for necropsy and collection of intestine fragments (duodenum and jejunum) for histomorphometric analysis. Eight to 14 days after treatment with Salmonella, individuals showed lower feed intake and feed conversion than the control group. Treatment with coccidiosis decreased all performance parameters in the control. Raw soybeans and oxidized oil induce lower weight gain and higher feed conversion compared to the control feed. Unlike after 14 days, at 21 days treatment with salmonella a decrease in weight gain was noted. For the group challenged by coccidiosis feed intake, the feed conversion remained lower than the control group. Undesirable effects on performance in the groups fed raw soybean and oxidized oil remained at up to 21 days. In the evaluation of digestibility, it was observed that raw soy had lower values for digestibility of dry matter, ether extract, and nitrogen balance due to intake. In addition, a lower ratio of villus:crypt measurements was observed. Lower villus height was found in the duodenum of the group challenged by coccidiosis. This group presented a positive correlation between the digestibility of ether extract and the duodenum, indicating that increased villus height implies an increased digestibility of ether extract. The results obtained for the jejunum showed a positive correlation with villus height in groups challenged by coccidiosis, raw soybeans, and oxidized oil; and to crypt depth in the group challenged with oxidized oil. The information obtained in the present study demonstrates that nutrient digestibility parameters can be useful tools for the analysis of the intestinal health of broiler chickens.O experimento foi realizado com o objetivo de verificar os alimentos soja cru, óleo oxidado e um grupo controle. Foi avaliado o desempenho aos sete, 14 e 21 dias de idade. Foi realizado um ensaio de metabolismo do 17° ao 20° dia, para análise da digestibilidade dos nutrientes. No 21º dia, duas aves por repetição foram enviadas para necropsia e coleta de fragmentos do intestino (duodeno e jejuno) para análise da histomorfometria. De oito a 14 dias de idade o tratamento com Salmonella apresentou menor consumo de ração e conversão alimentar que o grupo controle. O tratamento com coccidiose apresentou redução em todos os parâmetros de desempenho em relação ao controle. A soja crua e o óleo oxidado apresentaram menores ganhos de peso e alta conversão alimentar em relação ao controle. Aos 21 dias o tratamento com Salmonella diferentemente dos 14 dias apresentou queda no ganho de peso. Para o grupo desafiado por coccidiose o consumo de ração e a conversão alimentar continuaram menores que o grupo controle. Os efeitos indesejáveis sobre o desempenho nos grupos alimentados com soja crua e óleo oxidado permaneceram até os 21 dias. Na avaliação dos coeficientes de digestibilidade, foi observado que a soja crua apresentou menores valores para digestibilidade da matéria seca, extrato etéreo e balanço de nitrogênio em função da ingestão. Além disso, foi observada uma menor relação vilo:cripta. Foi encontrada menor altura de vilosidade no duodeno, no grupo desafiado por coccidiose. Este grupo apresentou correlação positiva com a digestibilidade do extrato etéreo para duodeno, indicando que o aumento da altura de vilosidade implica em aumento da digestibilidade do extrato etéreo. Já os resultados obtidos para o jejuno, apresentaram correlação positiva para altura de vilosidade nos grupos desafiados por coccidiose, soja crua e óleo oxidado; e para profundidade de cripta no grupo desafiado com óleo oxidado. As informações obtidas no presente estudo permitem afirmar que os parâmetros de digestibilidade de nutrientes podem ser ferramentas úteis na avaliação das condições de saúde intestinal de frangos de corte

Reducing socio-economic inequalities in all-cause mortality: a counterfactual mediation approach

Auteurs : LIFEPATH ConsortiumInternational audienc

Association of neighbourhood disadvantage and individual socioeconomic position with all-cause mortality: a longitudinal multicohort analysis

International audienceBackground: Few studies have examined the interactions between individual socioeconomic position and neighbourhood deprivation and the findings so far are heterogeneous. Using a large sample of diverse cohorts, we investigated the interaction effect of neighbourhood socioeconomic deprivation and individual socioeconomic position, assessed using education, on mortality.Methods: We did a longitudinal multicohort analysis that included six cohort studies participating in the European LIFEPATH consortium: the CoLaus (Lausanne, Switzerland), E3N (France), EPIC-Turin (Turin, Italy), EPIPorto (Porto, Portugal), Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study (Melbourne, VIC, Australia), and Whitehall II (London, UK) cohorts. All participants with data on mortality, educational attainment, and neighbourhood deprivation were included in the present study. The data sources were the databases of each cohort study. Poisson regression was used to estimate the mortality rates and associations (relative risk, 95% CIs) with neighbourhood deprivation (Q1 being least deprived to Q5 being the most deprived). Baseline educational attainment was used as an indicator of individual socioeconomic position. Estimates were combined using pooled analysis and the relative excess risk due to the interaction was computed to identify additive interactions.Findings: The cohorts comprised a total population of 168 801 individuals. The recruitment dates were 2003-06 for CoLaus, 1989-91 for E3N, 1992-98 for EPIC-Turin, 1999-2003 for EPIPorto, 1990-94 for MCCS, and 1991-94 for Whitehall II. We use baseline data only and mortality data obtained using record linkage. Age-adjusted mortality rates were higher among participants residing in more deprived neighbourhoods than those in the least deprived neighbourhoods (Q1 least deprived neighbourhoods, 369·7 per 100 000 person-years [95% CI 356·4-383·2] vs Q5-most deprived neighbourhoods 445·7 per 100 000 person-years [430·2-461·7]), but the magnitude of the association varied according to educational attainment (relative excess risk due to interaction=0·18, 95% CI 0·08-0·28). The relative risk for Q5 versus Q1 was 1·31 (1·23-1·40) among individuals with primary education or less, but less pronounced among those with secondary education (1·12; 1·04-1·21) and tertiary education (1·16; 1·07-1·27). Associations remained after adjustment for individual-level factors, such as smoking, physical activity, and alcohol intake, among others.Interpretation: Our study suggests that the detrimental health effect of living in disadvantaged neighbourhoods is more pronounced among individuals with low education attainment, amplifying social inequalities in health. This finding is relevant to policies aimed at reducing health inequalities, suggesting that these issues should be addressed at both the individual level and the community level.Funding: The European Commission, European Regional Development Fund, the Portugese Foundation for Science and Technology