Kinetic Modeling of 1‐G Ethanol Fermentations

The most recent rise in demand for bioethanol, due mainly to economic and environmental issues, has required highly productive and efficient processes. In this sense, mathematical models play an important role in the design, optimization, and control of bioreactors for ethanol production. Such bioreactors are generally modeled by a set of first‐order ordinary differential equations, which are derived from mass and energy balances over bioreactors. Complementary equations have also been included to describe fermentation kinetics, based on Monod equation with additional terms accounting for inhibition effects linked to the substrate, products, and biomass. In this chapter, a reasonable number of unstructured kinetic models of 1‐G ethanol fermentations have been compiled and reviewed. Segregated models, as regards the physiological state of the biomass (cell viability), have also been reviewed, and it was found that some of the analyzed kinetic models are also applied to the modeling of second‐generation ethanol production processes

Validation of a spectrophotometric method in the visible region for the quantification of kojic acid in raw materials and products

A spectrophotometric method in the visible region was developed and validated for the quantification of kojic acid (KA) in raw materials and products. According to the validation results, this method yields linearity in the range of 5 and 50 μg/mL of KA (r = 0.99998), selectivity, suitable sensitivity, precision (RSD 1.33 % and 1.21 % for intermediate precision and repeatability respectively), accuracy (recovery near 100 %) and robustness (varying pH, temperature and reading time) were measured and led to the validation of this method.These methods were tested and validated for various parameters according to ICH guidelines and USP.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire