Reply to ``Comment on `On the inconsistency of the Bohm-Gadella theory with quantum mechanics'''

In this reply, we show that when we apply standard distribution theory to the Lippmann-Schwinger equation, the resulting spaces of test functions would comply with the Hardy axiom only if classic results of Paley and Wiener, of Gelfand and Shilov, and of the theory of ultradistributions were wrong. As well, we point out several differences between the ``standard method'' of constructing rigged Hilbert spaces in quantum mechanics and the method used in Time Asymmetric Quantum Theory.Comment: 13 page

Transition Decomposition of Quantum Mechanical Evolution

We show that the existence of the family of self-adjoint Lyapunov operators introduced in [J. Math. Phys. 51, 022104 (2010)] allows for the decomposition of the state of a quantum mechanical system into two parts: A past time asymptote, which is asymptotic to the state of the system at t goes to minus infinity and vanishes at t goes to plus infinity, and a future time asymptote, which is asymptotic to the state of the system at t goes to plus infinity and vanishes at t goes to minus infinity. We demonstrate the usefulness of this decomposition for the description of resonance phenomena by considering the resonance scattering of a particle off a square barrier potential. We show that the past time asymptote captures the behavior of the resonance. In particular, it exhibits the expected exponential decay law and spatial probability distribution.Comment: Accepted for publication in Int. J. Theor. Phy

A Real World Experience of the FAST-ED Based Pre-Hospital Stroke Triage System to Detect Large Vessel Occlusions

Introduction: In March 2017, the Fire Officers Association of Miami-Dade employed the Field Assessment Stroke Triage for Emergency Destination (FAST-ED) scale to better identify large vessel occlusion (LVO) strokes. Individuals with a score≥4 bypass other centers for a comprehensive stroke center, whereas those with a score ≥6 also have the interventional team activated from the field. The FAST-ED scale was developed using a retrospective cohort of ischemic strokes and TIAs. There have been no prospective, real world examples on the performance of this tool when used in the field by emergency personnel. Methods: Stroke alert cases brought to our center byFOAMD during March 2017-August 2018 were analyzed. We used the FAST-ED score documented on the EMS run sheet and examined the incidence of LVOs and treatment rates for applicable cases. Cases without FAST-ED scores were excluded. Results: A total of 686 patients met criteria. Of these, 354 (52%) had ischemic stroke, and 135 (20%) had a LVO. Of all LVOs, 39% had score of ≥6, whereas 72% had a score of ≥4. Out of all stroke alerts with a FAST-ED score ≥4, 97 (31%) had a LVO and 72 (23%) were treated with mechanical reperfusion (MR). Of all stroke alerts with a score ≥6, 53 (38%) had a LVO and 43 (31%) were treated endovascularly. The endovascular team was activated from the field on 92 cases with a score ≥6 during off hours, but only 30 (33%) had MR. Discussion: In a real world experience of the FAST-ED score being completed in the field, the detection of LVOs was much lower than in the initial report. Almost 1/3 of cases with a score of ≥4 and more than 1/3 with ≥6 had a LVO, and most of those cases were treated endovascularly. Only 1/3 of field activations led to an endovascular procedure

A Real World Experience of the FAST-ED Based Pre-Hospital Stroke Triage System to Detect Large Vessel Occlusions

Introduction: In March 2017, the Fire Officers Association of Miami-Dade employed the Field Assessment Stroke Triage for Emergency Destination (FAST-ED) scale to better identify large vessel occlusion (LVO) strokes. Individuals with a score≥4 bypass other centers for a comprehensive stroke center, whereas those with a score ≥6 also have the interventional team activated from the field. The FAST-ED scale was developed using a retrospective cohort of ischemic strokes and TIAs. There have been no prospective, real world examples on the performance of this tool when used in the field by emergency personnel. Methods: Stroke alert cases brought to our center byFOAMD during March 2017-August 2018 were analyzed. We used the FAST-ED score documented on the EMS run sheet and examined the incidence of LVOs and treatment rates for applicable cases. Cases without FAST-ED scores were excluded. Results: A total of 686 patients met criteria. Of these, 354 (52%) had ischemic stroke, and 135 (20%) had a LVO. Of all LVOs, 39% had score of ≥6, whereas 72% had a score of ≥4. Out of all stroke alerts with a FAST-ED score ≥4, 97 (31%) had a LVO and 72 (23%) were treated with mechanical reperfusion (MR). Of all stroke alerts with a score ≥6, 53 (38%) had a LVO and 43 (31%) were treated endovascularly. The endovascular team was activated from the field on 92 cases with a score ≥6 during off hours, but only 30 (33%) had MR. Discussion: In a real world experience of the FAST-ED score being completed in the field, the detection of LVOs was much lower than in the initial report. Almost 1/3 of cases with a score of ≥4 and more than 1/3 with ≥6 had a LVO, and most of those cases were treated endovascularly. Only 1/3 of field activations led to an endovascular procedure

An Overview of Scientific and Space Weather Results from the Communication/Navigation Outage Forecasting System (C/NOFS) Mission

The Communication/Navigation Outage Forecasting System (C/NOFS) Mission of the Air Force Research Laboratory is described. C/NOFS science objectives may be organized into three categories: (1) to understand physical processes active in the background ionosphere and thermosphere in which plasma instabilities grow; (2) to identify mechanisms that trigger or quench the plasma irregularities responsible for signal degradation; and (3) to determine how the plasma irregularities affect the propagation of electromagnetic waves. The satellite was launched in April, 2008 into a low inclination (13 deg), elliptical (400 x 850 km) orbit. The satellite sensors measure the following parameters in situ: ambient and fluctuating electron densities, AC and DC electric and magnetic fields, ion drifts and large scale ion composition, ion and electron temperatures, and neutral winds. C/NOFS is also equipped with a GPS occultation receiver and a radio beacon. In addition to the satellite sensors, complementary ground-based measurements, theory, and advanced modeling techniques are also important parts of the mission. We report scientific and space weather highlights of the mission after nearly four years in orbi

A New Test of the Statistical Nature of the Brightest Cluster Galaxies

A novel statistic is proposed to examine the hypothesis that all cluster galaxies are drawn from the same luminosity distribution (LD). In such a "statistical model" of galaxy LD, the brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) are simply the statistical extreme of the galaxy population. Using a large sample of nearby clusters, we show that BCGs in high luminosity clusters (e.g., L_tot > 4x10^11 L_sun) are unlikely (probability <3x10^-4) to be drawn from the LD defined by all red cluster galaxies more luminous than M_r=-20. On the other hand, BCGs in less luminous clusters are consistent with being the statistical extreme. Applying our method to the second brightest galaxies, we show that they are consistent with being the statistical extreme, which implies that the BCGs are also distinct from non-BCG luminous, red, cluster galaxies. We point out some issues with the interpretation of the classical tests proposed by Tremaine & Richstone (1977) that are designed to examine the statistical nature of BCGs, investigate the robustness of both our statistical test and those of TR against difficulties in photometry of galaxies of large angular size, and discuss the implication of our findings on surveys that use the luminous red galaxies to measure the baryon acoustic oscillation features in the galaxy power spectrum.Comment: 12 pages, 8 figures, 4 tables; published in Ap