Study of dynamics of minor constituents in the thermosphere, addendum

Numerical studies of a model of the earth's thermosphere are presented. The distribution of thermospheric helium was investigated. Changes in the global transport of helium under solstice conditions caused by a small increase in the latitudes at which the background gas pressure extremes occur lead to much better agreement of the model predictions with data taken by the mass spectrometers on board the ESRO-4 and OGO-6 satellites. The model was applied to a study of the global distributions of atmospheric gases (N2, O2, and O) at both equinox and solstice with emphasis on the winter enhancement of atomic oxygen in the lower thermosphere. Comparison of the results with measurements taken by the ESRO-4 mass spectrometer indicates that the distribution of atomic oxygen is generally a result of global transport by winds

The Theoretical Base of Clinical Sociology: Root Metaphors and Key Principles

The theoretical base of clinical sociology is analyzed through Pepper\u27s root metaphor method. Practice is found to be framed by the analogy between society and a complex ecosystem. The resulting world hypothesis is identified as Ecologism, within which the four relatively adequate world hypotheses identified by Pepper (Formism, Mechanism, Contextualism and Organicism) take their place as complementary alternatives differentially informing or guiding practice with respect to the analysis of categories, evaluation of linkages, intervention at the microsocial level of social actors and mesosocial level of organizations and other integrated social systems, respectively. Examples are drawn from the literature, and key analytical and methodological principles are identified for practice at each level

Clinical Sociology on the One-to-One Level: A Social Behavioral Approach to Counseling

Clinical sociology involves interventions for change at any or all levels of social organization, based upon and/or guided by sociological principles and perspectives (Straus, 1979a,b). Although sociologists are typically envisioned as working with groups, organizations, communities and other large social units, sociological social psychologists have, for some fifty years, demonstrated an interest in working with individuals and their intimate groups (Wirth, 1931). In this paper, I examine the social behavioral approach to individual counseling which has evolved from my experience as a private practitioner working with problems of conduct, substance abuse, sexuality, interpersonal relationships, job and life stress, and the enhancement of personal performance generally. Discussion centers around this context of training subjects to use their own self-interactions strategically in order to overcome blockages and positively to maximize performance. Generically, however, I show how sociological social psychology can be translated into clinical practice, and the strategies of intervention appropriate to a social behavioral approach

Vulnerability and Protection in Research: Is It Ethical to Use Prisoners as Research Subjects?

This paper reviews the basis for and the literature pertaining to the ethical issues surrounding the use of the vulnerable population of prisoners as subjects for research protocols. The foundation for the development of ethical guidelines to protect this population comes from the exploitation of vulnerable populations including prisoners in the Holocaust, totalitarian regimes, and even in countries with long histories of democracy. The main ethical issues relevant to research with prisoners are respect for persons, justice, and the theory of Utilitarianism. Within the ethical guidelines there is a conflict between protecting prisoners from exploitation in research and prisoners right to participate in research. Therefore, many ethical codes attempt to safeguard this especially vulnerable group without completely restricting them from the benefits of research

Changing the Definition of the Situation: Toward a Theory of Sociological Intervention

The sociological intervention is identified as (1) directed at the operational definition of the situation and (2) taking into account the multiple, interacting layers of social participation framing human predicaments and their resolution. These are further differentiated, employing case examples, in terms of mode of attack—direct, indirect, or cooperative—and level of social context at which the intervention is directed—the personal, group, organizational, or social world being described here as quantum levels of interest. While others may conduct such interventions, the sociological intervention is characterized as the special domain of the clinical sociologist

Changing the Definition of the Situation: Toward a Theory of Sociological Intervention

The sociological intervention is identified as (1) directed at the operational definition of the situation and (2) taking into account the multiple, interacting layers of social participation framing human predicaments and their resolution. These are further differentiated, employing case examples, in terms of mode of attack — direct, indirect, or cooperative — and level of social context at which the intervention is directed — the personal, group, organizational, or social world being described here as quantum\u27\u27 levels of interest. While others may conduct such interventions, the sociological intervention is characterized as the special domain of the clinical sociologist

Kiss- Duet: Sweetest maid of all

https://digitalcommons.ithaca.edu/sheetmusic/1201/thumbnail.jp

The needs and experiences of skin cancer patients: a qualitative systematic review with meta-synthesis

Background: Skin cancer incidence is increasing worldwide. This is an update of a previous review published in 2010 that identified only two studies and found that the needs and experiences of individuals with skin cancer were under-researched. Objectives: To undertake a qualitative systematic review of the needs and experiences of people with a diagnosis of skin cancer. Methods: As an update of a previous review, the following databases were searched from 2010 to 30/11/15: CINAHL PsycINFO, MEDLINE and EMBASE. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Qualitative Assessment Review Instrument (QARI). The qualitative research findings were synthesised using a pragmatic meta-aggregative approach. Results: Fourteen studies (16 papers) were included. Only three studies included keratinocyte carcinoma patients. 15 categories were identified and these resulted in four overarching synthesised findings (SFs) from diagnosis (SF1) through treatment (SF2) and follow up (SF3), and then a fourth SF (SF4) that addressed patients’ satisfaction with their care and their relationship with health professionals. Conclusions: Despite the fact that keratinocyte carcinoma and melanoma patients can have very different prognosis, they also share similar needs and concerns especially around the time of diagnosis and follow up/surveillance for new lesions. Health professionals working with skin cancer patients need to understand their psychosocial concerns, and their information needs in order to design services appropriately. Future studies need to consider keratinocyte carcinoma patients as well as melanoma patients