Participatory design of teacher dashboards: navigating the tension between teacher input and theories on teacher professional vision

In the field of AI in education, there is a movement toward human-centered design in which the primary stakeholders are collaborators in establishing the design and functionality of the AI system (participatory design). Several authors have noted that there is a potential tension in participatory design between involving stakeholders and, thus, increasing uptake of the system on the one hand, and the use of educational theory on the other hand. The goal of the present perspective article is to unpack this tension in more detail, focusing on the example of teacher dashboards. Our contribution to theory is to show that insights from the research field of teacher professional vision can help explain why stakeholder involvement may lead to tension. In particular, we discuss that the sources of information that teachers use in their professional vision, and which data sources could be included on dashboards, might differ with respect to whether they actually relate to student learning or not. Using this difference as a starting point for participatory design could help navigate the aforementioned tension. Subsequently, we describe several implications for practice and research that could help move the field of human centered design further

Informationssicherheit an der Universität Bielefeld. Ergebnisse einer Umfrage unter Bediensteten

Salentin K, Strauß S. Informationssicherheit an der Universität Bielefeld. Ergebnisse einer Umfrage unter Bediensteten. Bielefeld: Universität Bielefeld; 2020

Design and Comparison of Diamond‐ and Sapphire‐Based NbN KIDs for Fusion Plasma Polarimetric Diagnostics

In this paper we present the design and characterization measurements performed on Kinetic Inductance Detectors produced on sapphire and policrystalline diamond substrates. Designed to be part of a nuclear fusion polarimetric diagnostic instrument, the foreseen plasma probing frequency of the final devices is 1.3 THz with a maximum response time under 10 ms and cross-polarization target accuracy of 1$\%$, in accordance with the guidelines of the upcoming ITER reactor \cite{zeeland2013} \cite{Donne2007}. These detectors are based on superconducting micro-resonators that undergo de-tuning upon absorption of radiation. The main characteristics of the devices include polarization sensitiveness and lumped elements multi-pixel configuration produced from photo-lithographed Niobium Nitride (NbN) thin films. The relatively high $T_C$ of bulk NbN ($\sim$16~K) enables operation at liquid helium temperatures, simplifying the setup of the final detection system when compared to the sub-kelvin temperatures employed in astrophysical KID arrays. The DC characterization measurements performed on test strips patterned on the two substrate materials highlighted large differences in the thin films quality, with the superconductor deposited on diamond showing reduced critical temperature, lower \textcolor{red}{critical} current density and increased values of the kinetic inductance compared to the strips on sapphire. This difference is believed to be mainly due to the higher lattice constant and thermal expansion coefficient mismatch between film and substrate in the case of diamond, \textcolor{red}{with the} different surface finish quality of the crystalline samples at our disposal \textcolor{red}{also likely playing a role.} The response to microwave read-out tones of the prototypes obtained from the same films follows a similar behavior, with the devices produced on sapphire generally outperforming those on diamond. Nevertheless, diamond is a promising candidate for this kind of application, \textcolor{red}{especially considering} the advantages given by its radiation hardness. The devices on both substrates showed a response to THz radiation, bolometric in nature, that fulfills the requirement guidelines and represent a good starting point to optimize the design for the application at hand

Automatisiertes Off-Line-Rüsten von Ummantelungsanlagen

Ummanteln ist eine Fertigungstechnologie, deren Bedeutung noch immer w~chst. Mit ihr werden Holzwerkstoffprofile und Kaschierungen mit Schmelzklebstoffen gefügt Zu deutlich geringeren Kosten werden Profjlelemente erzeugt, die heute ihren Vorbildern aus Massivholz oder Metallen in Optik und Haptik gleichkommen oder einen eigenständigen Charme aufweisen. Allerdings müssen beim Ummantelungsprozess eine Vielzahl an Andruckrollen und ggf. Heißluftdüsen entlang des durchlaufenden Profils angeordnet werden, um die meist nur eingeschränkt formbare, mit heißem Schmelzkleber beschichtete Kaschierung mit dem Profilkern zu fügen. Da die Maschinen im Stillstand manuell gerüstet werden, reduziert die dafür benötigte Rüstzeit deutlich die Produktivität der Ummantelungsanlagen. Daher muss das Rüsten off-line, parallel zu den Fertigungsaufträgen. an einem separaten ROststand erfolgen und sich somit die Belegungszeit der Anlage auf das Einwechseln der Rollensätze beschränken. Basierend auf einer umfangreichen Prozessbetrachtung wurde ein Prozessmodell entwickelt, welches mittels Geometriedaten, Rüstregeln sowie Informationen über Material, Werkzeug und Ummantelungsmaschine ein virtuelles Bild der Rollenpositionierung erzeugt Die daraus gewonnenen Positionen und Anstellwinkel der einzelnen Rollen werden dann Ober einen Postprozessor an einen roboterunterstutzten Rüstplatz weitergegeben, welcher die benötigten Rollenhalter automatisiert rüstet

Promoter elements of rice susceptibility genes are bound and activated by specific TAL effectors from the bacterial blight pathogen, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae.

Summary • Plant pathogenic bacteria of the genus Xanthomonas inject transcription activator-like effector (TALe) proteins that bind to and activate host promoters, thereby promoting disease or inducing plant defense. TALes bind to corresponding UPT (up-regulated by TALe) promoter boxes via tandemly arranged 34 ⁄ 35-amino acid repeats. Recent studies uncovered the TALe code in which two amino acid residues of each repeat define specific pairing to UPT boxes. • Here we employed the TALe code to predict potential UPT boxes in TALeinduced host promoters and analyzed these via b-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter and electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA). • We demonstrate that the Xa13, OsTFX1 and Os11N3 promoters from rice are induced directly by the Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae TALes PthXo1, PthXo6 and AvrXa7, respectively. We identified and functionally validated a UPT box in the corresponding rice target promoter for each TALe and show that box mutations suppress TALe-mediated promoter activation. Finally, EMSA demonstrate that code-predicted UPT boxes interact specifically with corresponding TALes. • Our findings show that variations in the UPT boxes of different rice accessions correlate with susceptibility or resistance of these accessions to the bacterial blight pathogen

Open Surgical versus Minimal Invasive Necrosectomy of the Pancreas-A Retrospective Multicenter Analysis of the German Pancreatitis Study Group

Background Necrotising pancreatitis, and particularly infected necrosis, are still associated with high morbidity and mortality. Since 2011, a step-up approach with lower morbidity rates compared to initial open necrosectomy has been established. However, mortality and complication rates of this complex treatment are hardly studied thereafter. Methods The German Pancreatitis Study Group performed a multicenter, retrospective study including 220 patients with necrotising pancreatitis requiring intervention, treated at 10 hospitals in Germany between January 2008 and June 2014. Data were analysed for the primary endpoints "severe complications" and "mortality" as well as secondary endpoints including "length of hospital stay", "follow up", and predisposing or prognostic factors. Results Of all patients 13.6% were treated primarily with surgery and 86.4% underwent a step-up approach. More men (71.8%) required intervention for necrotising pancreatitis. The most frequent etiology was biliary (41.4%) followed by alcohol (29.1%). Compared to open necrosectomy, the step-up approach was associated with a lower number of severe complications (primary composite endpoint including sepsis, persistent multiorgan dysfunction syndrome (MODS) and erosion bleeding: 44.7% vs. 73.3%), lower mortality (10.5% vs. 33.3%) and lower rates of diabetes mellitus type 3c (4.7% vs. 33.3%). Low hematocrit and low blood urea nitrogen at admission as well as a history of acute pancreatitis were prognostic for less complications in necrotising pancreatitis. A combination of drainage with endoscopic necrosectomy resulted in the lowest rate of severe complications. Conclusion A step-up approach starting with minimal invasive drainage techniques and endoscopic necrosectomy results in a significant reduction of morbidity and mortality in necrotising pancreatitis compared to a primarily surgical intervention

Siegen Symposium for Geomeasurement Technology - Current and future challenges : from the four-eyes principle to AI

Die klimabedingt zu erwartende Zunahme von Extremwetterereignissen stellt die bebaute Umwelt vor erhebliche Herausforderungen und erfordert die Entwicklung geeigneter Anpassungsstrategien. Der Geomesstechnik kommt dabei eine besondere Bedeutung zu, denn verknüpft mit der mathematisch-mechanischen Modellbildung liefert sie die Grundlage für die Bewertung möglicher geomechanischer Risiken und für die daraus abzuleitenden Planungsmaßnahmen. In diesem Symposium werden die aktuellen Entwicklungen, die Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Geomesstechnik in einem interdisziplinären und thematisch breit angelegten Kontext ausgelotet.The expected increase in extreme weather events due to climate change poses considerable challenges to the built environment and requires the development of suitable adaptation strategies. Geomeasurement technology is of particular importance in this context, because linked with mathematical-mechanical modeling it provides the basis for the assessment of possible geomechanical risks and for the planning measures to be derived from them. In this symposium, the current developments, the possibilities and limits of geomeasurement technology will be explored in an interdisciplinary and thematically broad context