Commercial P-Channel Power VDMOSFET as X-ray Dosimeter

The possibility of using commercial p-channel power vertical double-diffused metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (VDMOSFETs) as X-ray sensors is investigated in this case study. In this aspect, the dependence of sensitivity on both the gate voltage and the mean energy for three X-ray beams is examined. The eight gate voltages from 0 to 21 V are applied, and the dependence of the sensitivity on the gate voltage is well fitted using the proposed equation. Regarding X-ray energy, the sensitivity first increases and then decreases as a consequence of the behavior of the mass energy-absorption coefficients and is the largest for RQR8 beam. As the mass energy-absorption coefficients of SiO2 are not found in the literature, the mass energy-absorption coefficients of silicon are used. The behavior of irradiated transistors during annealing at room temperature without gate polarization is also considered

Towards cognitively plausible data science in language research

Over the past 10 years, Cognitive Linguistics has taken a Quantitative Turn. Yet, concerns have been raised that this preoccupation with quantification and modelling may not bring us any closer to understanding how language works. We show that this objection is unfounded, especially if we rely on modelling techniques based on biologically and psychologically plausible learning algorithms. These make it possible to take a quantitative approach, while generating and testing specific hypotheses that will advance our understanding of how knowledge of language emerges from exposure to usage

Mecánica intuitiva: Conclusiones sobre el tiro vertical hacia arriba

Ljudsko je intuitivno znanje o mehanici, tj. znanje stečeno kroz osobno iskustvo o brzini, ubrzanju, uzrocima kretanja itd., često pogrešno. Cilj je ovoga istraživanja utvrditi javljaju li se takve greške i u slučaju vertikalnog hica naviše. U prvom je eksperimentu ispitano zaključivanje o brzini i ubrzanju lopte koja se kreće vertikalno uvis, dok je u drugom eksperimentu provjereno utječu li masa bačene lopte i snaga bacanja na zaključak. Više od tri četvrtine ispitanika pogrešno smatra da lopta ne dosiže maksimalnu brzinu u početnoj točki putanje i da se njezina brzina povećava nakon što je bačena uvis. Nije dobiven efekt mase objekta ni efekt jačine bacanja na zaključivanje o brzini i ubrzanju kretanja lopte. Ovakvi rezultati izlaze iz okvira teorije impetusa, najčešće korištene teorije za objašnjavanje naivnog razumijevanja dinamike kretanja objekata. U radu su razmotreni razlozi zašto pristup akcije na objektima i heuristike prenosa obilježja predstavljaju perspektivniji okvir za objašnjenje rezultata.Our intuitive knowledge of physics mechanics, i.e. knowledge defined through personal experience about velocity, acceleration, motion causes, etc., is often wrong. This research examined whether similar misconceptions occur systematically in the case of vertical projectiles launched upwards. The first experiment examined inferences of velocity and acceleration of the ball moving vertically upwards, while the second experiment examined whether the mass of the thrown ball and force of the throw have an impact on the inference. The results showed that more than three quarters of the participants wrongly assumed that maximum velocity and peak acceleration did not occur at the initial launch of the projectile. There was no effect of object mass or effect of the force of the throw on the inference relating to the velocity and acceleration of the ball. The results exceed the explanatory reach of the impetus theory, most commonly used to explain the naive understanding of the mechanics of object motion. This research supports that the actions on objects approach and the property transmission heuristics may more aptly explain the dissidence between perceived and actual implications in projectile motion.Nuestro conocimiento intuitivo sobre la mecánica, o sea, el conocimiento adquirido a través de la experiencia personal con la velocidad, aceleración, causas del movimiento etc., a menudo es equivocado. En esta investigación se ha comprobado si estas equivocaciones se manifiestan sistemáticamente en el caso del tiro vertical hacia arriba. En el primer experimento se comprobaron conclusiones sobre el peso y la aceleración del balón tirado hacia arriba, y en el segundo si el peso del balón tirado y la fuerza del tiro influían en estas conclusiones. Más de tres cuartos de los examinados considera erróneamente que el balón no llega a la velocidad máxima en el punto inicial y que su velocidad aumenta después de ser tirada hacia arriba. No se ha conseguido el efecto del peso de balón ni el de la fuerza de tiro sobre las conclusiones sobre la velocidad y la aceleración del movimiento del balón. Estos resultados salen del marco de la teoría de ímpetu, la teoría más usada para explicar la comprensión ingenua de la dinámica del movimiento de objetos. En el trabajo se han considerado las causas por las cuales el enfoque de acción sobre objetos y la heurística de la transmisión de características representan un marco más perspectivo para explicar resultados

Intuitive Mechanics: Inferences of Vertical Projectile Motion

Our intuitive knowledge of physics mechanics, i.e. knowledge defined through personal experience about velocity, acceleration, motion causes, etc., is often wrong. This research examined whether similar misconceptions occur systematically in the case of vertical projectiles launched upwards. The first experiment examined inferences of velocity and acceleration of the ball moving vertically upwards, while the second experiment examined whether the mass of the thrown ball and force of the throw have an impact on the inference. The results showed that more than three quarters of the participants wrongly assumed that maximum velocity and peak acceleration did not occur at the initial launch of the projectile. There was no effect of object mass or effect of the force of the throw on the inference relating to the velocity and acceleration of the ball. The results exceed the explanatory reach of the impetus theory, most commonly used to explain the naive understanding of the mechanics of object motion. This research supports that the actions on objects approach and the property transmission heuristics may more aptly explain the dissidence between perceived and actual implications in projectile motion

DOI:10.2298/PSI0901107D stability of THE SYNTAGMATIC probability

The aim of the present study is to establish criteria for the optimal size of a corpus that can provide stable conditional probabilities of morphological and/or syntagmatic types. The optimality of corpus size is defined in terms of the smallest sample that generates probability distribution equal to distribution derived from the large sample that generates stable probabilities. The latter distribution we refer to as “target distribution”. In order to establish the above criteria we varied the sample size, the word sequence size (bigrams and trigrams), sampling procedure (randomly chosen words and continuous text) and position of the target word in a sequence. The obtained distributions of conditional probabilities derived from smaller samples have been correlated with target distributions. Sample size at which probability distribution reaches maximal correlation (r=1) with the target distribution was taken as being optimal. The research was done on Corpus of Serbian language. In case of bigrams the optimal sample size for random word selection is 65.000 words, and 281.000 words for trigrams. In contrast, continuous text sampling requires much larger samples to reach stability: 810.000 words for bigrams and 868.000 words for trigrams. The factors that caused these differences remain unclear and need additional empirical investigation

Psychometric evaluation and short form development of The Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding (BIDR-6)

The goals of this research were to evaluate the Bosnian-Croatian-Serbian (BCS) translation of the BIDR-6 scale, develop its short form, and to present its initial convergent/discriminative validation. The sample included 827 participants. MIRT CFA analysis revealed that fourfactor model (containing 32/40 items) fits the data best, with Self-Deceptive Enhancement (SDE) and Impression Management (IM) both splitting into the denial (SD-D and IM-D) and enhancement (SD-E and IM-E) factors. Fit and item properties were generally mediocre. SD-D and IM-E subscales were the strongest sources of misfit, thus SD-E and IM-D subscales were retained in the short form, which had good fit and replicated almost all main patterns of associations with other variables of interest (e.g., HEXACO personality traits) typically reported for the full SDE and IM scales in other research. Thus, 17-item BIDR-6 short form, containing only SD-E and IM-D subscales, is recommended for use in the BCS speaking area