O-RADS US risk stratification and management system: A consensus guideline from the ACR ovarian-adnexal reporting and data system committee.

The Ovarian-Adnexal Reporting and Data System (O-RADS) US risk stratification and management system is designed to provide consistent interpretations, to decrease or eliminate ambiguity in US reports resulting in a higher probability of accuracy in assigning risk of malignancy to ovarian and other adnexal masses, and to provide a management recommendation for each risk category. It was developed by an international multidisciplinary committee sponsored by the American College of Radiology and applies the standardized reporting tool for US based on the 2018 published lexicon of the O-RADS US working group. For risk stratification, the O-RADS US system recommends six categories (O-RADS 0-5), incorporating the range of normal to high risk of malignancy. This unique system represents a collaboration between the pattern-based approach commonly used in North America and the widely used, European-based, algorithmic-style International Ovarian Tumor Analysis (IOTA) Assessment of Different Neoplasias in the Adnexa model system, a risk prediction model that has undergone successful prospective and external validation. The pattern approach relies on a subgroup of the most predictive descriptors in the lexicon based on a retrospective review of evidence prospectively obtained in the IOTA phase 1-3 prospective studies and other supporting studies that assist in differentiating management schemes in a variety of almost certainly benign lesions. With O-RADS US working group consensus, guidelines for management in the different risk categories are proposed. Both systems have been stratified to reach the same risk categories and management strategies regardless of which is initially used. At this time, O-RADS US is the only lexicon and classification system that encompasses all risk categories with their associated management schemes

Does publication bias inflate the apparent efficacy of psychological treatment for major depressive disorder? A systematic review and meta-analysis of US national institutes of health-funded trials

Background The efficacy of antidepressant medication has been shown empirically to be overestimated due to publication bias, but this has only been inferred statistically with regard to psychological treatment for depression. We assessed directly the extent of study publication bias in trials examining the efficacy of psychological treatment for depression. Methods and Findings We identified US National Institutes of Health grants awarded to fund randomized clinical trials comparing psychological treatment to control conditions or other treatments in patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder for the period 1972–2008, and we determined whether those grants led to publications. For studies that were not published, data were requested from investigators and included in the meta-analyses. Thirteen (23.6%) of the 55 funded grants that began trials did not result in publications, and two others never started. Among comparisons to control conditions, adding unpublished studies (Hedges’ g = 0.20; CI95% -0.11~0.51; k = 6) to published studies (g = 0.52; 0.37~0.68; k = 20) reduced the psychotherapy effect size point estimate (g = 0.39; 0.08~0.70) by 25%. Moreover, these findings may overestimate the "true" effect of psychological treatment for depression as outcome reporting bias could not be examined quantitatively. Conclusion The efficacy of psychological interventions for depression has been overestimated in the published literature, just as it has been for pharmacotherapy. Both are efficacious but not to the extent that the published literature would suggest. Funding agencies and journals should archive both original protocols and raw data from treatment trials to allow the detection and correction of outcome reporting bias. Clinicians, guidelines developers, and decision makers should be aware that the published literature overestimates the effects of the predominant treatments for depression

Hydrothermal synthesis of nano zinc oxide with selected precipitating substance application

Celem pracy było zbadanie wpływu zastosowanych substancji strącających na morfologię, wielkość ziarna nano tlenku cynku otrzymanego metodą hydrotermalną w reaktorze mikrofalowym. Jako substancji strącających użyto: zasady potasowej, mocznika, amoniaku oraz trietanoloaminy (TEA). Przeprowadzone eksperymenty pokazały jak istotny wpływ na właściwości otrzymywanego produktu ma dobór odpowiednich substancji strącających. Zauważyć można różny kształt ziaren, ich wielkość oraz powierzchnię właściwą. Wyniki przedstawione w niniejszym artykule są kontynuacją pracy nad doborem optymalnego reaktora do syntez hydrotermalnych nano tlenku cynku. Zamieszczone wyniki autor przedstawił w swojej rozprawie doktorskiej.The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the substance precipitating on the morphology, particle size nano zinc oxide derived hydrothermal method in a microwave reactor. Was used as the precipitating substances: potassium hydroxide, urea, ammonia and triethanolamine (TEA). Conducted experiments have shown a significant effect on the properties of the resultant product is the selection of suitable precipitants. However, there were different grain shape, size and surface area. The results presented in this article is a continuation of work on the selection of the optimal reactor for hydrothermal synthesis of nano zinc oxide. Posted by results presented in his doctoral thesis

Hydrothermal synthesis of zinc-aluminum spinel

W niniejszej pracy przedstawiono i omówiono hydrotermalną syntezę spinelu cynkowo-glinowego ZnAl2O4. Reakcje przeprowadzane były w reaktorze mikrofalowym ERTEC. Określono wpływ parametrów procesu (ciśnienie, temperatura, czas) na właściwości otrzymanego spinelu. Odpowiednio dobrane parametry procesu pozwoliły na uzyskanie spinelu o wielkości ziaren poniżej 10 nm. Zamieszczone w artykule wyniki badań autor przedstawił w swojej rozprawie doktorskiej.In this paper results of hydrothermal synthesis of zinc-aluminum spinel ZnAI204 were presented and discussed. Reactions were carried out in a microwave reactor ERTEC. The influence of process parameters (pressure, temperature and time) on the properties of obtained spinel powder were examined. Properly selected process parameters enabled a spinel particle size below 10 nm. Results described in the article were presented in author's PhD thesis

Optymalizacja procesu syntezy jednofazowych materiałów LiFePO4 o nanometrycznych rozmiarach ziaren

LiFePO4 samples were first prepared by a modified sol - gel process and then the resulting LiFePO4 xerogel was ground and calcined in a tube furnace in an inert atmosphere in nitrogen flow. The main goal of this research work which was lowering the temperature and the time of synthesis of LiFePO4 was achieved. It was confirmed that the material contains only a LiFePO4 triphylite phase and that the presence of carbon resulting from pyrolysis of initial carbonaceous reagents does not affect the crystalline structure of the material.Próbki materiału LiFePO4 przygotowano zmodyfikowaną metodą zol - żel. Otrzymany kserożel został roztarty w moździerzu i kalcynowany w piecu rurowym w atmosferze ochronnej, w przepływie azotu. Główny cel pracy jakim było obniżenie temperatury i czasu trwania procesu, został osiągnięty. Potwierdzono, że materiał ten składa się tylko z tryfilitowej fazy LiFePO4. Dowiedziono, że węgiel obecny w próbce, pochodzący z rozkładu pirolitycznego wyjściowych soli organicznych nie wpływa na formowanie się fazy krystalicznej

Synteza w mikrofalowym reaktorze typu stop-flow oraz charakteryzacja spinelu nano-ZnAl2O4

The aim of the study was to obtain nanometric zinc-alumina spinel in a stop-flow reactor with microwave emission. The water solution of zinc and aluminium nitrates was used as a reaction substrate. The mole ratio of Al:Zn = 2:1. A 2M water solution of potassium hydroxide was used as mineraliser. The process was carried out under the pressure of 3.9 MPa for 15, 30 and 60 min. The obtained product had grains of about 6 nm, determined on the basis of the specific surface area and density measurements, observed using SEM and TEM microscopes. According to XRD analysis, a pure phase of Al-Zn spinel was obtained for optimum reaction time of 30 min. The specific surface area measured using BET method was in the range of 230-270 m2/g. For the first time a nanocrystalline zinc aluminate spinel of high specific surface area and high phase purity was obtained in a stop flow microwave solvothermal reactor.Celem prac było uzyskanie manometrycznego spineklu cynkowo-aluminiowego w mikrofalowym reaktorze pracującym w cyklu stop-flow. Jako substratów reakcji użyto azotków cynku i aluminium w stosunku molowym Al:Zn = 2:1. Jako mineralizator zastosowano 2M wodny roztwór wodorotlenku potasu. Procesy prowadzone były przy ciśnieniu 3.9 MPa przez 15, 30 i 60 minut. Otrzymano produkt o rozmiarze ziaren około 6 nm. Rozmiar ziaren określono z wykorzystaniem pomiarów powierzchni właściwej i gęstości oraz obserwacji wykonywanych z użyciem mikroskopów SEM i TEM. Przepro-wadzona analiza XRD wykazała, że czystą fazę Al-Zn uzyskano dla czasu reakcji wynoszącego 30 minut. Powierzchnia właściwa, określona metodą BET, zawierała się w zakresie 230-270 m2/g. Po raz pierwszy uzyskano, w reaktorze mikrofalowym typu stop-flow, nanokrystaliczny spinel cynkowo-aluminiowy o dużej powierzchni właściwej i dużej czystości fazowej

Wpływ substancji redukujących na wielkość powierzchni właściwej zredukowanego tlenku grafenu określoną na podstawie izotermy adsorpcji azotu

The most common way to determine the specific surface of materials is to utilise direct methods, such as the flow method and the adsorptive method with the implementation of the adsorption isotherm equations. In our work we used the Brunauer, Emmet and Teller (BET) equation for the nitrogen adsorption isotherm description. Our goal was to examine the influence of reducing agents on the specific surface area of reduced graphene oxide. Graphene oxide was reduced by thiourea dioxide, thiourea, ammonium thiosulfate and sodium hydrosulfite.Do określania powierzchni właściwej materiałów najczęściej stosowane są metody bezpośrednie, takie jak metoda przepływowa oraz adsorpcyjna, w której wykorzystywane są równania izotermy adsorpcji. W naszej pracy do określenia powierzchni właściwej zredukowanego tlenku grafenu do opisu wyznaczonej izotermy adsorpcji azotu zastosowano równanie Brunauera, Emmeta i Tellera (BET). Celem niniejszej pracy było zbadanie wpływu substancji redukujących na wielkość powierzchni właściwej zredukowanego tlenku grafenu. Do badań użyto tlenku grafenu redukowanego dwutlenkiem tiomocznika, tiomocznikiem, tiosiarczanem amonu, oraz podsiarczynem sodu

Chapter 13. Microwave-Driven Hydrothermal Synthesis of Oxide Nanopowders for Applications in Optoelectronics

The microwave driven hydrothermal synthesis permits to precisely control the reaction times for this and thus also the grain size of the resulting nanocrystalline powders. An increase of pressure leads to powders with less hydroxide groups comparing to low temperature/pressure synthesis routes. Thus the combination of the two techniques permits to best exploit their advantages: high temperature of the process and fast heating and cooling, in high purity conditions. On the example of ZrO2 doped with Pr it is seen that the luminescence centers in nanocrystalline powders may have a different structure than for bulk materials. Pr3+ ions which would not be stable in a bulk material, are stable on the surface of the powder particles, and influence both their growth rate and luminescence properties. Interaction of the excited states with surfaces leads to very short luminescence decay rates, in the range of 10 nm, which in addition can be controlled by varying the grain size. This opens perspectives for new scintillating materials with short and controlled relaxation times. The nano-powders can be sintered using high pressure techniques and the grain size an be preserved in the nanometer range. The sintered YAG:Nd ceramics displays similar luminescence spectra as single crystals

Ovarian-Adnexal Reporting Lexicon for Ultrasound: A White Paper of the ACR Ovarian-Adnexal Reporting and Data System Committee (vol 15, pg 1415, 2018)

status: publishe