Making a difference in making miracles: common roadblocks to miracle question effectiveness

This article describes a clinical investigation of student-therapists’ use of the miracle question (MQ). Data used for this project came from transcribed role-play videotapes by six student-therapists. Transcripts were coded, and findings highlight challenges that prevent beginning therapists from effectively using the MQ. The primary themes that emerged were problems related to introducing, framing, and following up on the MQ. Practical recommendations are offered for improving therapist training in effective use of the MQ

National Policies To Attract Foreign Direct Investment In Research And Development: An Assessment Of Brazil And Selected Countries

This chapter examines the main policies employed to attract multinational corporation (MNC) technological activities in China, India, Ireland, Israel, Singapore, and Taiwan in order to analyse the case of Brazil. Foreign direct investment (FDI) attraction policies are part of industrial and development policies and should not be assessed or used in isolation. The methodology applied in this work consists of elaborating country reports which comprised: (i) economic and technological data; (ii) science, technology, and industry (S&T&I) policies; (iii) the development of key technological activities by MNCs; and (iv) the main MNC R&D activities developed in the country. For most countries the selectivity, continuity, and coordination of national policies are the key factors in creating a favourable environment for foreign R&D activities. In Brazil, despite some recent actions to foster innovation and R&D investments-such as the Innovation Law-it is patent that there is a lack of a strong government policy and an absence of a specific governmental structure targeted to the attraction of such investments.Boletim do Banco Central (2006), http://www.bcb.gov.br/?BOLETIMHISTBlömstrom, M., Kokko, A., The Economics of Foreign Direct Investment Incentives (2003), NBER Working Paper 9489 (Cambridge, Mass.: NBER)Breznitz, D., Development, Flexibility and R&D Performance in the Taiwanese IT Industry: Capability Creation and the Effects of State-industry Co-evolution (2005) Industrial and Corporate Change, 14, pp. 153-187Estatísticas de Pós-graduação (2006), http://ged.capes.gov.br/AgDw/silverstream/pages/frPesquisaColeta.htmlCoe, N.M., Emulating the Celtic Tiger? A Comparison of the Software Industries of Singapore and Ireland (1999) Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography, 20, pp. 36-55Costa, I., Queiroz, S., Foreign Direct Investment and Technological Capabilities in Brazilian Industry (2002) Research Policy, 31, pp. 1431-1443Dosi, G., Pavitt, K., Soete, L., (1990) The Economics of Technical Change and International Trade, , (London: Harvester Wheatsheaf)Scattering the Seeds of Invention: The Globalisation of Research and Development (2004) The Economist, , http://graphics.eiu.com/files/ad_pdfs/RnD_GLOBILISATION_WHITEPAPER.pdfFan, E.X., Technological Spillovers and Foreign Direct Investments: A Survey (2002), ERD Working Paper Series 33 (Manila: Asian Development Bank)Hasenclever, L., Matesco, V.R., As Empresas Transnacionais e o seu Papel naCompetitividade Industrial e dos Países: O caso do Brasil (2000) Globalização: o Brasil e os desafios da globalização, pp. 161-192. , P. M. 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A Small Analytical Model Applied to 58 Industries (2003), World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 3028 (Apr.)Nonnemberg, M.J.B., Determinantes dos Investimentos Externos e Impactos das Empresas Multinacionais no Brasil: As Décadas de 70 e 90 (2003), Texto para Discussão 969 (Rio de Janeiro: IPEA)(2007), http://titania.sourceoecd.org/vl=7250511/cl=14/nw=1/rpsv/fact2007/, OECD Factbook: Economic, Environmental and Social StatisticsReddy, P., New Trends in Globalization of Corporate R&D and Implications for Innovation Capability in Host Country: A Survey from India (1997) World Development, 25, pp. 1821-1837Ricupero, R., Barreto, F.A., Importância do Investimento Direto Estrangeiro do Brasil no Exterior para o Desenvolvimento Socioeconômico do País (2007) Internacionalização de empresas brasileiras: perspectivas e riscos, , A. 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ZAP-70 expression is associated with increased CD4 central memory T cells in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: cross-sectional study

Background: Although chronic lymphocytic leukemia is basically a B cell disease, its pathophysiology and evolution are thought to be significantly influenced by T cells, as these are probably the most important interaction partner of neoplastic B cells, participating in their expansion, differentiation and survival. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia B cells may also drive functional and phenotypic changes of non-malignant T cells. There are few data about the association between memory T cells and prognosis, especially related to ZAP-70, a common reliable surrogate of the gold standard chronic lymphocytic leukemia prognostic markers. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate whether the expression of ZAP-70 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients is associated with abnormal patterns of the distribution of naïve and memory T cells related to crosstalk between these cells. Methods: In this cross-sectional, controlled study, patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia were compared with healthy blood donors regarding the expression of ZAP-70 and the distribution of naïve and memory T cell subsets in peripheral blood as measured by flow cytometry. Results: ZAP-70 positive patients presented an increased frequency and absolute number of central memory CD4+ T cells, but not CD8+ T cells, compared to ZAP-70 negative patients and age-matched apparently healthy donors. Conclusions: Because central memory CD4+ T cells are located in lymph nodes and express CD40L, we consider that malignant ZAP-70-positive B cells may receive beneficial signals from central memory CD4+ T cells as they accumulate, which could contribute to more aggressive disease. Keywords: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia, ZAP-70 protein-tyrosine kinase, Memory T cell

Involvement of memory T-cells in the pathophysiology of chronic lymphocytic leukemia

The role of T-cells in the pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia has recently gained much attention due to the importance of the constant interaction between neoplastic B-cells with microenvironment substratum and T-cells. It is believed that these interactions modulate the clinical course of the disease, mainly through the regulation of the expansion, differentiation, and survival of chronic lymphocytic leukemia B-cells. Importantly, this crosstalk may also change the number, function, and memory phenotype of normal T-cells, thereby altering the amplitude and/or efficiency of adaptive immunity in chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients. The present study presents an overview on important aspects of this immunological crosstalk, particularly on the abnormalities of chronic lymphocytic leukemia B-cells and the alterations in normal T-cells, with focus on the CD4 memory T-cell compartment that could offer survival signals to chronic lymphocytic leukemia B-cell clone(s) and contribute to the establishment and progression of the disease. The authors believe that understanding the biological consequences of the interaction between normal T- and neoplastic B-cells in chronic lymphocytic leukemia may allow for improvements in the prognostic information and therapeutic approaches for this disease

Including a brief substance-abuse motivational intervention in a couples treatment program for intimate partner violence

Substance abuse (SA) and intimate partner violence (IPV) frequently co-occur providing challenges to researchers and treatment professionals alike. Researchers have struggled to understand the nature of the relationship between these two difficult issues. Are they wholly un-related, indirectly related, or is there a causal relationship between the two? Treatment professionals face the dilemma of how to provide treatment to clients who abuse substances and who are violent with heir intimate others. Most treatment for these two disorders is provided separately with varying degrees of effort to coordinate them. Models of combined treatment are few, and none address couples in which both partners are violent and/or abuse substances. In this paper, we briefly review the literature on SA and IPV and then describe a brief substance abuse awareness intervention, based on Motivational Interviewing, that we have integrated into our conjoint couples treatment model for IPV