Mun och tandhälsa hos svenska vilda brunbjörnar

Det Skandinaviska Björnprojektet har arbetat med samma björnpopulationer sedan 1984. Detta ger en unik möjlighet att över tid följa samma individer och population och därmed se eventuella förändringar som sker med dessa. Under april och maj 2008, som en del av det Skandinaviska björnprojektets årliga sövningar och märkningar av brunbjörn (Ursus arctos), undersöktes tand- och munhälsan hos 22 björnar med varierande ålder och kön. Alla björnarna vägdes och undersöktes kliniskt. Munhålan inspekterades och fotograferades. Avvikelser noterades på ett tandkort modifierat för björnar. Alla björnar var i god fysisk kondition. En björn hade lindrigt överbett som troligen var medfött. Övriga björnar hade normala bett. Fjolårsungarna visade olika stadier av eruption av den permanenta tanduppsättningen. Detta talar för att den normala tandömsningen sker mellan ett och två års ålder. Alla vuxna björnar saknade en eller flera premolarer, troligtvis på grund av arv. Tandslitage ökade med ålder och graden varierade mellan tandtyper; incisiverna var mest drabbade följt av canintänder, premolarer och molarer. Detta mönster skulle kunna förklaras av tändernas anatomiska uppbyggnad och funktion vid födointag. Tandfrakturer förekom hos åtta vuxna björnar. Frakturerna delades upp i chipfrakturer och mer omfattande frakturer. Chipfrakturer på en incisiv sågs hos fyra individer. Fyra andra individer hade mer omfattande frakturer på canintänder samt incisiver. Hos karnivorer är det oftast canintänderna som drabbas av frakturer. Detta kan förklaras av tandens form och funktion, födoval, inomarts- samt predator/bytesdjurs-interaktioner. Ingen eller låg frekvens av tandsten och tecken på parodontit sågs hos de undersökta björnarna. Detta kan bero på att födan har en förebyggande sammansättning samt en självrengörande effekt på tänderna. Medelvärdet på pH i saliven var 9.75. Det kan vara en förklaring till att ingen björn hade karies. En mycket intressant upptäckt var att alla vuxna björna utom en, samt en fjolårsunge, uppvisade skador i emaljen som på många sätt liknar emaljhypoplasi. Orsaken till detta är okänd, men kan bero på genetiska förutsättningar och/eller faktorer i omgivningen som ger upphov till metabolisk stress. Ytterligare studier, som skulle innefatta ett större antal individer och olika geografiskt och genetiskt skilda populationer, skulle kunna ge mer information om samt förklaringar till avsaknaden av premolarer, den låga förekomsten av tandsten, parodontit och karies, samt den stora andelen emaljhypoplasi-liknande skador

”Med coleurt omslag” : färgade, dekorerade och tryckta omslag på svensk bokmarknad 1787-1846. En bokhistoria.

The aim of the dissertation is to examine the significance of the paperbound book on the book market as part of the history of consumption. It is an examination of the materiality of the book, in which the form and function, economics and distribution of the binding during the last century of the hand-press era are studied. The intention has been to show that the ready-bound book was a means for the actors on the book market to increase the sale of books in the decades around 1800, and that the ready-bound book as a product was an important component in the development of the book market towards a modern consumer market. Through the selling of ready-bound books the book change from being an intermediary good to a consumer good. The study is based on a text-sociological view of the book formulated by D. F. McKenzie (1986). The book circuit model put forward by Adams & Barker (1993) has been interpreted as a socio-economic explanation for the existence of the book. The changing conditions for publishing and the legal, cooperative and economic systems of production and distribution in Sweden are analysed and discussed to show how the binding became an essential element in the marketing of the book and how the publisher within this process became an independent actor on the book market. With the introduction of the printed wrapper the main functions of the title page, that is marketing and labelling was moved from the title page to the exterior of the book. The materiality of the paper bound book made it an efficient substrate and medium for text, colour and printed ornament. The coloured decorated and printed wrappers were the counterpart to the printed calicoes of peoples clothing and the wallpapers of the interiors that saw the light on the market at the time. Marketing through ornament, colour and content became keys to selling books. The study of contemporary book action catalogues shows that the paperbound book became a common commodity in libraries of the early 19th century. A material shift took place were the leatherbound book was replaced by the paperbound book. Paperbindings were affordable, functional, and aesthetically varied in comparison to other types of bindings. English summary 18 pp

Marknaden för populuxetryck efter sekelskiftet 1800

Around 1800 and thereafter there was a rising consumption of books and other print material in Sweden. Almanacs, handbooks and fiction, especially for women, children’s books, ABC- and conversation cards and other prints such as, games, pictures for cutting and music was advertised in newspapers and booksellers catalogues. In this text the production and commercialisation of these products is looked upon as populuxe; that is a relatively exclusive products intended for the common market (Hines 1986). By producing and ascribing aesthetic value and material quality to these products the reading culture becomes a culture of pleasure, were of course content, but to a very important degree also the form, decoration and the materiality of the goods is a constituting part of social relation and the cultural consumption that is mediated through the merchandise

Remote Sensing and GIS Applications in the Study of the Geographical Distribution of Ancient Settlements in the Kafr el-Sheikh Governorate in Northern-Central Delta, Egypt

This paper exploresthe potential of geographical methods, combined withtoponymical and historical research in explaining the regional distribution of historicalsettlements in the northern-central part of the Nile deltain Egypt. The geographicalanalysis was based on satellite remote sensing, studies of ancient maps, limited fieldcontrol and overlay techniques applied in a GIS.The study area corresponds to the present governorate (province) of Kafr el-Sheikh. The aim of the project was to get an overview of the position of ancientsettlements and to analyse how toponymy and linguistic studies could contribute to atentative dating of such places. This paper focus on how landscape information wasrevealed and combined with research in humanities.The study focus is on a relatively late period in Egyptian history. The area wasprobably sparsely populated until it shifted from wetland pasture to more intense landuseas a result of Roman drainage projects. The northernmost part of the area wasextensively settled only during Late Ptolemaic-Roman times and again abandoned in theearly Islamic period. The northern part of the study area is dominated by abandonedsettlements (tells) from the period, whilst most of the still existing villages from thesame period lie in the south,i.e. on higher ground that have been less prone to largescaleenvironmental change.Various types of satellite data wereused in the study, i.e. Aster, Landsat ETM,Spot XP and IKONOS. Ancient maps surveyed by the French expedition to Egypt 1798-1801, topographical maps from the 20th century and modern photogrammetry basedtopographical maps were used in the same GIS to analyse landscape change during thelast centuries.Only 78 tells (ruin mounds) in the study area are registered by the EgyptianSupreme Council of Antiquities (SCA). They, however, represent only a small portionof the ancient settlements, which could be traced and identified. As a result of theintegrated study approach almost 300 ancient settlements could be identified in thestudy area.Key words: Toponymical, Linguistic, Ptolemaic-Roman, Photogrammetry, Settlements

Bog vegetation re-mapped after 63 and 103 years: expansion of Rhynchospora alba (Studies on Skagershultsmossen 2)

The vegetation in an area of the ombrotrophic bog Skagershultsmossen, South-Central Sweden, was mapped in 2010. The same area was previously surveyed in 1907 and 1970. Only small changes were found in 1970, in contrast to the situation in 2010, when a large shift in the vegetation was observed. The previously dominating vegetation type, lawns dominated by Eriophorum vaginatum, had more or less disappeared and was replaced by carpet vegetation dominated by Rhynchospora alba, Sphagnum tenellum and S. balticum. Also, the carpets dominated by Scheuchzeria palustris had decreased to a large extent. There are several possible climatic explanations behind the changes, and we suggest that increased frost action linked to the reduction in snow cover may be important. The shift in the vegetation has most certainly led to a decrease in peat productivity and, hence, a reduction in carbon sequestration by the bog is assumed. Skagershultsmossen is an important reference site for future studies of long-term vegetation changes

Ålmärkningsprojekt i sjön Ymsen

Denna rapport sammanställer information om märkningsprojekt med ål (Anguilla anguilla) utförda i sjön Ymsen. Märkningsexperimenten utfördes åren 1998–2002 samt 2012. Data över återfångster samlas in kontinuerligt, en insamling som pågår än idag (år 2023). Denna rapport innehåller data insamlad fram till och med år 2022. Syftet med rapporten är både att sammanfatta vad som har gjorts och att redogöra för vilka data som finns tillgängliga för framtida projekt. Följande märkningsprojekt har utförts i sjön:• År 1998 utfördes en mindre inledande testmärkning med PIT-tags på ålyngel, 190 märkta ålar sattes ut. • År 1999 utfördes ytterligare en testmärkning med PIT-tags, denna gång märktes 83 gulålar. • År 1999–2002 utfördes märkningsexperiment för att undersöka om strontiummärkning (Sr) fungerar för att skilja utsatt från naturligt förekommande ål. Totalt sattes 17 768 Sr-märkta ålar ut, varav 2 627 även var märkta med PIT-tags (PIT-tags användes år 1999 och 2000). Av de som både var Sr och PIT-tag märkta så har 334 återfångats (till och med 2022) och resultaten visade att strontium fungerade bra för att märka ål. • År 2004 undersökte man skarvens påverkan som predator på ål genom att söka efter PIT-tags (från märkningarna som utfördes 1999 och 2000) i en skarvkoloni. Totalt 30 PIT-tag märken återfanns i skarvkolonin. • År 2012 utfördes ett märkningsexperiment där 118 gulålar märktes med PIT-tags och Carlinmärken för att undersöka om förlust av Carlinmärken förekom. Av de 65 ålar som återfångats (till och med 2016) hade en förlorat sitt Carlinmärke.Data över utsättningar och återfångster finns lagrade på Sötvattenslaboratoriet server, och/eller i databasen ”Sötebasen” (som hanteras av Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, institutionen för akvatiska resurser, SLU Aqua)

Holocene microweathering rates and processes on ice-eroded bedrock, Røldal area, Hardangervidda, southern Norway

Post-glacial weathering of ice-eroded metamorphic bedrock was investigated in the Roldal area (60°N) of the Hardangervidda Plateau in southern Norway. Quartz veins were used as reference surfaces to determine a mean post-glacial surface lowering rate of 0.55 mm ka -1 . Chemical characteristics of late-season runoff were determined for one catchment (Snoskar) and a chemical erosion rate of 4.9 t km -2 a -1 was obtained. A mean in situ fracture enlargement due to microweathering of 0.12 mm ka -1 was also determined. These rates are low, although comparable with similar environments in cold regions, and suggest that microweathering has had relatively little impact on Holocene landscape evolution. Weathering rind thickness was found to be less on fracture walls than on exposed bedrock surfaces, suggesting fractures have not played a significant role in microweathering. Observations of weathering morphology reveal a range of forms including shallow spalling, tafoni and pseudokarren, indicating locally intense weathering activity. Analysis of interrelationships between multiple weathering indices points to the importance of bedrock microweathering as a precursor to macro-breakdown and landform evolution. The research reasserts the importance of chemical activity in cold environments and the importance of moisture supply for effective microweathering. © The Geological Society Publishing House 2009